Source parameters determination for earthquakes in Kushiro,Japan considering source time function

This paper applies a new formulation to do moment tensor inversion for earthquakes in the Kushiro area of Japan. Comparing with conventional moment tensor inversion method, the new one takes the effect of source time function into consideration. For the inversion, best solution is obtained by minimizing the difference between the observed seismograms and the synthetic ones. And the best-fitting focal depth is determined from the variance reduction. The results indicate that half duration of source time function is proportional to the magnitude of earthquakes. Large earthquakes have long half duration, whereas that of moderate-small earthquakes is comparatively shorter. The focal mechanisms of all three earthquakes are of thrust fault type, which is mainly ascribed to the collision of the North American plate with the Eurasia plate in the late Cretaceous or Paleogene.     

Response Surface Optimization for Removal of Cadmium from Aqueous Solution by Waste Agricultural Biosorbent Psidium guvajava L. Leaf Powder

Response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to study the combined effects of the various parameters namely, pH, biosorbent dosage, cadmium concentration and temperature, and to optimize the process conditions for the maximum removal of cadmium using Psidium guvajava L. leaf powder. In order to obtain the mutual interactions between the variables and to optimize these variables, a 2⁴ full factorial central composite design using RSM was employed. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) of the quadratic model demonstrates that the model was highly significant. The model was statistically tested and verified by experimentation. A maximum cadmium removal of 93.2% was obtained under the following optimum conditions: aqueous cadmium concentration 40.15 mg/L, adsorbent dosage 0.5 g/50 mL solution, pH 5.0, and temperature (35°C). The value of desirability factor obtained was 1.     

Curvelet变换域侧扫声纳图像增强算法

针对海底侧扫声纳图像对比度低、纹理弱、噪声严重等问题,提出了一种基于第二代Curvelet变换的声纳图像增强算法。首先对原始声纳图像进行多尺度、多方向的Curvelet变换分解,得到低频子带和高频子带;然后引入非线性S型函数对低频系数进行处理,提高图像整体的对比度;采用一种可以避免过度增强的新型非线性函数对各尺度的高频子带系数进行处理,提高图像整体的对比度,增强图像边缘和纹理细节,并通过估计噪声水平设定阈值进行阈值降噪。最后经Curvelet逆变换得到增强图像。实验表明,该方法不仅改善了海底侧扫声纳图像对比度低的问题,而且降低了噪声,突出了声纳图像的边缘和纹理细节。     

圆锥区域中变系数半线性抛物型微分不等式的刘维尔型定理

研究圆锥区域中变系数半线性抛物型微分不等式及其耦合不等式组的刘维尔型定理.先给出弱解的定义,再利用构造试验函数法建立不依赖于初始值的解的universal估计,最后得到非负非平凡整体弱解的在适当的临界指数范围内不存在的结论,此种方法的主要特点是不用比较原理和极值原理.     

快速滤波本征模态函数分解中的边界处理

针对快速滤波分解信号为本征模态函数(IMF)所产生的边界效应问题,提出了一种抑制这种边界效应的方法。即利用快速滤波先将原信号分解为本征模态函数,然后在信号内部截取适当的两段分别延拓到原信号两端,经快速滤波得到分解结果后,再截去延拓的部分,保留原信号长度的分解结果。通过实例验证了该方法的有效性。     

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复合linex对称损失下Lomax分布参数的Bayes估计

研究了在复合linex对称损失下,两参数Lomax分布当刻度参数已知时,其形状参数的Bayes估计及其容许性,并给出了其多层Bayes估计的一般形式。     

中国沙漠（地）生态系统水文调控功能及其服务价值评估

荒漠生态系统是整个生物圈中分布较广的一个系统,是陆地生态系统中一个重要的子系统。开展荒漠生态系统服务价值研究和评价,对荒漠生态系统重要性认识和管理具有重要的现实意义。本文基于中国沙漠（地）生态系统的生态水文过程、水平衡机理和水文调控功能等,对其在淡水提供、原盐生产、水源涵养和气候调节方面的物质流——水资源进行了核算,结合不同类型生态服务价值通量,初步评估了中国荒漠生态系统在水文调控方面的服务价值。结果表明:中国沙漠（地）生态系统水文调控方面的生态服务价值为每年5 510.05亿元,其中供给服务价值370.42亿元,调节服务价值5 139.63亿元,分别占总服务价值的6.72%和93.28%。     

退牧还草政策下农村住户的违约行为分析

为讨论农村住户在退牧还草政策下面对一系列约束条件时的违约行为及其影响因素,本研究尝试建立农户违约行为的概率函数模型,实证分析如何在不降低农户效用的同时,规范他们的违约行为,从而达到可持续发展的目的。研究发现农户的违约行为（偷牧）只取决于其养殖规模、从偷牧中所获得的利润以及因偷牧被抓而需要直接支付的罚款金额（不包括上期违约行为对当期补偿的影响）。因此,要调控农户的违约行为,从政策层面适当指导调节养殖规模,对草原进行合理管理与利用（而不是一刀切的禁牧模式）,引导区域产业转型以及促进城镇化发展等将是切实可行的措施。