Comparison of long-, medium- and short-term variations of beach profiles with and without submerged geological control

Victoria Beach (Cadiz, Spain) comprises a rocky flat outcrop in its northern zone and a sand-rich southern zone. These natural features allowed for a 5-year monitoring period and subsequent analysis of two different profiles (one in each zone) based on differences in bottom contours. Topo-bathymetric data were analysed using empirical orthogonal functions (EOFs) to determine changes over the short-, medium- and long-term. Several morphologic phenomena were identified (generalised erosion, seasonal or summer–winter tilting of the profile around different hinge points, berm development and its posterior destruction, etc.) in terms of their importance in explaining the variability of the collected data for both profiles. It is worth mentioning that both profiles undergo parallel regression in the medium-term. Thus, the 1st eigenfunction enabled us to identify the true regression of the beach shoreline, independent of seasonal or summer–winter slope changes. Reconstruction of profiles using EOF components demonstrated that though accretion periods in the medium-term were similar for both types of profiles, the accretion speed was much faster in the sand-rich profile than in the reef-protected profile (1.01 m³/day versus 0.33 m³/day). Moreover, the seasonal erosion rate and the subsequent shoreline retreat for the sand-rich profile were much larger than for the reef-protected profile (121 m³/year versus 29 m³/year). Analysis in the short-term (changes induced by a single day's storm) showed an instantaneous tilting of the profile, with the mobilised sand volume being much greater for the sand-rich than for the reef-protected profile (68 m³/m versus 12 m³/m).     

莱州湾海岸带环境与功能区划初探

利用国家海洋局第一海洋研究所2007—2008年莱州湾地下水监测数据,在甄别、整理的基础上,进行了相关分析、主成分和聚类分析。根据聚类分析各类别的地下水质特征,同时考虑到区域的可持续发展,划分出海水入侵预防治理区、海水入侵重点治理区、养殖与海化产业区和海化工业区共四个区域。     

航空重力数据谐波小波滤波中卷积运算的处理

数据的滤波提取是航空重力测量数据处理的一个重要环节。谐波小波滤波器在频域具有良好的盒形谱特征,可以较好地实现信号的滤波。但谐波小波滤波器是一个连续函数,航空重力测量采集的信号是离散的,无法直接进行卷积运算。讨论了谐波小波用于航空重力数据滤波处理时的卷积运算处理方法,给出了谐波小波频域卷积的算法实现过程和仿真算例。     

青岛市经济增长引发环境污染的冲击响应模式分析

经济的不断发展造成了极大的环境污染,需要人们用科学的手段对经济发展和造成的环境污染之间的关系进行客观判断。采用主成分分析法、格兰杰因果检验以及基于VAR的脉冲响应函数对青岛市的经济发展与环境污染二者间关系进行分析,结果发现由于环境承载力的存在,经济增长造成环境污染在很大程度上受到时滞的影响,经济增长引发环境问题是渐进的、长期的,所以在发展经济时不能只顾眼前利益而忽视对环境的长期影响,要注重可持续发展。     

一类离散非线性系统降维观测器设计

讨论了一类离散非线性系统降维观测器的存在性。对给定的Lyapunov函数,在保证观测误差渐近稳定的条件下,给出了该离散非线性系统降维观测器的设计方法。用数值例子说明了该设计方法的有效性。     

一种改进的基于转角函数法的面状居民地Morphing变换方法

提出了一种顾及位置偏差与凹部同异性的面状居民地Morphing变换转向角函数方法.该方法通过构造大比例尺居民地的凸包作为中间图形,辅助与小比例尺居民地进行特征顶点匹配,避免因位置偏差造成的特征点误匹配;针对大比例尺居民地的凹部,依据凹部的模式类型,判定凹部边的同异性;最后构建插值模型,得到中间任意尺度下的面状居民地要素...     

Joint probability density function of the stochastic responses of nonlinear structures

The joint probability density fimction （PDF） of different structural responses is a very important topic in the stochastic response analysis of nonlinear structures. In this paper, the probability density evolution method, which is successfully developed to capture the instantaneous PDF of an arbitrary single response of interest, is extended to evaluate the joint PDF of any two responses. A two-dimensional partial differential equation in terms of the joint PDF is established. The strategy of selecting representative points via the number theoretical method and sieved by a hyper-ellipsoid is outlined. A two-dimensional difference scheme is developed. The free vibration of an SDOF system is examined to verify the proposed method, and a flame structure exhibiting hysteresis subjected to stochastic ground motion is investigated. It is pointed out that the correlation of different responses results from the fact that randomness of different responses comes from the same set of basic random parameters involved. In other words, the essence of the probabilistic correlation is a physical correlation.     

Application of saddlepoint approximation in reliability analysis of dynamic systems

The application of the saddlepoint approximation to reliability analysis of dynamic systems is investigated. The failure event in reliability problems is formulated as the exceedance of a single performance variable over a prescribed threshold level. The saddlepoint approximation technique provides a choice to estimate the cumulative distribution function (CDF) of the performance variable. The failure probability is obtained as the value of the complement CDF at a specif ied threshold. The method requires computing the saddlepoint from a simple algebraic equation that depends on the cumulant generating function (CGF) of the performance variable. A method for calculating the saddlepoint using random samples of the performance variable is presented. The applicable region of the saddlepoint approximation is discussed in detail. A 10-story shear building model with white noise excitation illustrates the accuracy and effi ciency of the proposed methodology.     

基于Hv方法的三轴液压振动系统频响函数估计的研究

三轴液压振动系统是实验室内模拟振动环境的主要设备,其主要功能是精确地复现给定的功率谱和时间历程。振动控制技术是实现这一目标的关键技术,它以频响函数估计为基础。频响函数估计的精度影响控制过程的快速性和稳定性。本文对几种典型的频响函数估计方法进行了分析,针对传统方法精度低且受到矩阵病态条件约束等缺点,应用特征分析与摄动理论构造了一种多入多出的Hv方法,并且应用三轴液压振动系统的实测数据对其进行了检验。结果表明该方法是适用的。     

Morlet 小波用于环境激励下的模态参数识别研究

本文分别从卷积和Parseval定理的角度推导了非正交小波变换系数的实用计算方法。在环境激励下以互相关函数代替系统的自由响应数据,给出了基于Morlet小波变换的频率、阻尼比的参数识别方法,重点介绍了基于最小二乘法的振型识别技术。采用2层楼仿真算例和潮白河桥应用实例验证本算法,识别结果表明基于Morlet小波变换的模态参数识别技术能够有效地识别出环境激励下系统的模态参数。