压力及温度对海洋动物生理影响的研究进展

随着海洋深度的增加,压力逐渐升高而温度逐渐降低。因此,应对压力和温度变化的能力直接影响着海洋动物的垂直分布模式。本文综述了近年来国际上关于压力及温度对海洋动物生理影响的研究进展,概述了3种常用的研究方法,包括直接比较不同深度近缘海洋动物的差异、使用加压装置培养海洋动物、在常压及原位温度下培养深海动物;然后归纳了压力及温度对海洋动物生理的影响,包括有机渗透调节物质浓度及蛋白质序列、胚胎及幼体发育速率和畸变率、行为模式及代谢速率、基因表达水平;最后讨论了海洋动物适应高压环境的生理机制,压力对海洋动物垂直分布的限制能力,以及浅海动物和深海动物的起源关系。     

Study of thermal migration and induced mechanical effects in double U-tube energy piles

This paper investigates two geothermal energy piles using thermal response tests (TRTs). A set of parameters including pile wall temperature, ground temperature and strain are monitored at four different depths. The thermally induced mechanical behavior of the energy piles are then analyzed based on the monitoring data.The results show the following: (1) The temperature at the pile wall clearly varies throughout the heating and cooling cycle, and the ground temperature distribution shows a delay compared to the TRT stages. (2) The thermally induced mechanical effects are influenced by both the temperature and restraint conditions.     

The Tectonic Uplift and Its Environmental Effects of the Qinling Mountains During the Cenozoic Era: Progress and Problems

The Qinling Orogen, a majestic high mountain, is located in the center of China mainland. Qinling Mountains is nearly 2 500 km from the west to the east. It holds a very prominent role not only in the geological but also in the geographical study. In geology, it was built through collision between the North China and South China Blocks. It became the backbone of the tectonic framework of China mainland. In the other way, Qinling is the geographical boundaries in ecological and cultural environment between the northern and the southern China. Many previous studies have dealt with the tectonic system dynamics and structural evolution of Qinling, but most work has focused on the tectonic evolution of the Qinling from the Paleozoic to the Mesozoic. However, the Cenozoic tectonic uplift evolution of Qinling has caused less attention, and little research has been done on the environmental effect of Qinling. And there are still debates about these two questions. The purpose of this paper was to provide an overview of the current studies about the Cenozoic tectonic uplift and its environmental effects of the Qinling Mountains. Finally, this paper pointed out the existing research achievements and the problems to be solved in future research.     

利用gPhone重力仪监测三峡库区蓄水的重力响应

根据三峡秭归gPhone101#重力台站2012-06~2014-08重力观测资料,经处理改正得到的重力残差主要反映了库区蓄水变化的重力响应。不同的蓄水阶段,重力残差与库区水位变化响应特征不同,高差30 m的水位波动能够引起70 μGal的重力响应。利用gPhone重力仪能够有效监测三峡库区蓄水的重力响应,但局部及周边地区降水等水文效应也是连续重力观测结果的主要贡献之一,在监测库区蓄水对重力响应的影响时不可忽视。     

波吉卵囊藻对弧菌生长的影响

研究波吉卵囊藻及藻―菌体系对创伤弧菌(Vibrio vulnificus)、副溶血弧菌(Vibrio parahaemolyticus)和溶藻弧菌(Vibrio alginolyticus)生长的影响,结果显示:无菌波吉卵囊藻对创伤弧菌、副溶血弧菌的生长均有显著促进作用(P<0.05),对溶藻弧菌的生长无显著影响(P>0.05);波吉卵囊藻―沼泽红假单胞菌体系对溶藻弧菌有明显抑制作用(P<0.05);无菌波吉卵囊藻―枯草芽孢杆菌体系对溶藻弧菌的生长有显著促进作用(P<0.05),对创伤弧菌、副溶血弧菌的生长无显著影响(P>0.05);带菌波吉卵囊藻对三株弧菌均有明显抑制作用(P<0.05);带菌波吉卵囊藻共栖细菌对三株弧菌均无明显抑制作用(P>0.05);在无菌波吉卵囊藻中回加带菌藻共栖细菌,分析实验10～18d的数据发现的数据发现藻―菌体系对创伤弧菌、副溶血弧菌的生长有显著影响(P<0.05),藻―菌体系逐渐恢复对三株弧菌的抑制作用。     

频率对K_0固结饱和粘土动力特性影响的试验分析

通过循环三轴试验,研究了k0固结饱和粘土在0.5 Hz、0.1 Hz与0.01 Hz循环应力作用下,循环强度与土样破坏时最终累积孔压的变化。结果表明,当循环频率从0.1 Hz减少至0.01 Hz时,若循环应力作用下三轴土样发生应力反向,k0固结饱和粘土循环强度大约降低3%左右;若没有应力反向,且当循环破坏次数从10变化至1 000时,循环强度的降低不超过1%,若循环破坏次数大于1 000时,循环频率的改变对循环强度基本没有影响。对于有应力反向情况,循环频率减小将导致最终累积孔压比增加;对于无应力反向情况,循环频率改变对最终累积孔压比的影响并不显著。循环频率对最终累积孔压比的影响与其对循环强度的影响一致。     

Analysis of Digital Strong Motion Records of the M_S 8.0 Wenchuan Earthquake by the Network of Shaanxi Province

Records of the May 12,2008 MS8.0 Wenchuan,Sichuan,earthquake from 27 stations of Shaanxi Digital Strong Motion Network are processed and analyzed,including baseline adjustment of acceleration traces,filtering,and calculations of velocities,displacements and acceleration response spectra.The results show that direction energy radiation of the large earthquake and horizontal inhomogeneous medium along the wave traveling path might both have some effect on the scattering degree of the attenuation of PGAH,besides influence of local site conditions.For the same intensity,the ratios of PGA /PGV are commonly small,on average about 5,which indicates that long period components are rich in ground motion.Intensities for most sites of the stations are within Ⅴ～Ⅶ.The larger one among PGAE-W and PGAN-S is quite close to their PGAH,which is less than 10% in relative deviation.The dominated waves are surface waves.The thicker the soil overburden is,the stronger the surface wave will be and the longer the shaking will last.Local site conditions have strong effects on ground motion,especially those of thick sediment filled-in basins,as they can significantly amplify long-period components.     

盐尘暴及其生态效应

总结了盐尘暴的概念及其一般特征,系统分析了盐尘暴的发生条件、分布、扩散沉积和生态效应。盐尘暴是由干旱、半干旱地区干涸湖底蒸发盐风蚀所致的一种化学尘暴;大面积松散富盐沉积物和频繁的大风天气是其发生的基本条件;盐尘暴扩散过程中沉积通量和化学组分随迁移距离表现出明显的分异规律;盐尘暴扩散导致干旱区“盐随风来”,致使土壤盐渍化,加剧冰雪消融,抑制植物叶片对营养元素的正常吸收。系统认识盐尘暴对干旱区灾害防治和生态建设具有重要指导意义。     

中国服务业政策效应及其影响因素

通过对中国31 个省(市、自治区)近4000 个服务业企业的问卷调查,从服务业企业认知与体验的视角出发,对“十一五”时期中国服务业政策效应进行综合测度和影响因素分析,进而探讨服务业政策与服务业企业的作用机制,并提出中国服务业政策调整和优化的建议。结果表明： “十一五”时期服务业企业对服务业政策的认知水平不高,认知度受到营业额、劳动力素质、行业类型、行业地位和政策环境等因素的显著影响。企业对服务业政策的体验水平接近比较满意, 影响政策体验水平的因素主要有政策认知度、员工人数、效益、所有制类型、行业地位和政策环境等。针对中国服务业政策与服务业企业的作用机制,应从深化服务业体制改革、完善社会保障体系、平衡内外资鼓励政策、拓宽政策支持覆盖面、构建服务业企业对服务业政策实施情况的反馈机制等方面着手,推动转型期中国服务业向高比重、高效率方向发展。     

2012年天津地区三次地震前水位对固体潮振幅响应计算分析

2012年在天津及其周边地区发生了唐山4.8级, 宝坻4.0级和宝坻3.5级三次地震。 本文收集整理了天津地区固体潮反映较好的宝坻井、 王3井、 高村井以及张道口井2012年的水位观测数据和气压数据。 采用卷积回归和多项式拟合方法, 对水位观测数据进行气压效应及趋势项的去除, 并对水位数据进行数字滤波处理, 增强水位固体潮信号。 在对数据进行以上有效预处理后, 采用类似于Nakai拟合模型, 以每两天数据为一组, 分别对不同窗口长度滤波处理后的水位数据进行体应变固体潮响应振幅因子比的计算。 计算结果表明, 三次地震前比值均出现明显高值变化。 经比较当窗长选取96 h和120 h进行滤波时计算效果最为明显, 其异常成组出现, 并且变化幅度较大。 由以上这四口井水位对固体潮响应振幅因子比在三次地震发生前后的变化分析, 地震前由于应力的积累, 比值会出现高值变化, 小震活动对应力的积累具有缓解释放作用, 并且结合地震活动以及震源机制解可以对应力的积累-释放过程有一定的了解与印证。