脉冲荷载作用下地下结构动力特性及钢板抗层裂性能数值模拟

利用ANSYS/LS-DYNA软件,对脉冲荷载作用下结构底面有无固定钢板时混凝土结构的动力特性及钢板的抗层裂性能进行了数值分析,对比分析了两种情况下混凝土结构的应力-时程特征,研究了边界效应对混凝土-钢板结构抗层裂性能的影响。分析表明,底面固定钢板能够有效地减小相邻混凝土的最大拉应力,提高其抗层裂性能;边界效应对混凝土层裂现象并无影响。此研究成果可为相关工程的设计、施工提供参考。     

从地理空间到地理网络空间的变化趋势：兼论西方学者关于电信对地？…

信息通信技术（ＩＣＴｓ）正切实地影响着人类和社会状况：网络空间的出现和曜压缩空间使距离屏障失去意义。通过对西方学者过去十余年的主要探索成就进行综合。将评价电信在中地区发展中作用的研究观点划分为三类,并分别予以评述。我们认为当前地理空间和网络空间交织在一起,处于一种融合过程,可把它叫做“地理网络空间”。电信在地区发展和行闰方面的作用及特殊优势仍有待于进一步研究。     

Recent increase of DIC in the western North Pacific

The temporal variation of the total dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) content in the western North Pacific is investigated by comparing the DIC distribution obtained from the data sets of three different periods, the GEOSECS data observed in 1973, the CO₂ dynamics Cruise data observed in 1982, and recent Japanese data sets observed during the early 1990s. The overall feature of the signal of temporal DIC change during 1973 and early 1990s agreed with that of former studies, and did not significantly change with the calculation scheme (the grid-selection method vs. the multiple regression method). The observed increase in DIC among the different time scales showed a good inner consistency, which also indicates the stability of the method used in the DIC change calculation. The apparent rate of increase of the DIC inventory in the upper 1000 m water column, however, differed significantly by the data set used for the calculation: It was 5.6±2.4 g C/m²/year, based on the data comparison between 1982 and the early 1990s, while it became 7.6±2.4 g C/m²/year when based on the data between 1973 and the early 1990s. This result provides us an information about the data-dependency on the former estimation of temporal DIC change.     

Atmospheric transmission at submillimetre wavelengths from Mauna Kea

The submillimetre atmospheric transmission spectrum above Mauna Kea has been measured at a resolution of 0.005 cm⁻¹ (150 MHz) with a Fourier transform spectrometer at the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope, using the Sun as a source. Column abundances of O₂, H₂O and O₃ determined from these spectra are found to be in excellent agreement with independent measurements. The derived column abundances have been used as inputs to the atmospheric spectral modelling program fascod . The synthetic transmission spectrum is found to be in excellent agreement with the measured spectrum, and provides a template for submillimetre observations from the JCMT.     

干旱区绿洲荒漠带土壤水盐异质性及生态环境效应研究——以黑河中游张掖绿洲为例

对黑河中游地区典型绿洲的土壤含水量与含盐量分析表明,在无灌溉情况下,绿洲及绿洲边缘过渡带表层土壤含水量水平分异明显,由绿洲区的20%左右递减到绿洲荒漠生态过渡带的2.9%。绿洲荒漠带土壤水分变化反映了人类利用绿洲水资源的程度,在绿洲地下水资源开发过度和绿洲边缘人类活动剧烈的区域均存在着生态裂谷,对绿洲生态系统的稳定极为不利。绿洲荒漠带土壤可溶性盐分含量的水平分异表现为绿洲土壤可溶性盐分含量比绿洲荒漠生态过渡带和荒漠区低;绿洲界外区不同荒漠类型土壤含盐量变化不同,在绿洲外围沙质荒漠区,土壤含盐量较低,在绿洲外围砾质荒漠（戈壁）区,土壤含盐量明显高于绿洲区;荒漠区土壤含盐量的垂直变化表明,含盐量最高的聚集层一般不在表层,而在40～60 cm的亚表层。受土壤水盐分异的影响,绿洲外围荒漠植被类型出现分异,从高位绿洲到中位绿洲,外围区荒漠植被的耐旱性和耐盐性均增加。     

青藏高原对我国热带气候及橡胶树种植的影响

影响我国橡胶树存活以及产胶量的主要自然因素为寒潮低温与台风的强风.这些都与青藏高原的动力和热力作用有关:1.高原促进并加强寒潮爆发南下,使得我国热带冬季低温比同纬度地区较低.2.高原对于我国热带西部起着屏障寒潮减缓降温,而对于热带东部则起着漏斗狭管效应而加剧了降温.3.冬季高原的动力作用,在热带东部形成上升气流,在热带西部形成下沉气流,因而东部多阴雨天而西部多睛天.4.夏季的季风雨保证了橡胶树生长的需要,而冬季少雨尤其是西部少雨而多日照,有利于橡胶树的越冬,并有利于抑制某些病害.5.滇中、滇东的横断山脉可