不同尺度喀斯特地区土地利用变化研究

以贵州典型喀斯特地区贞丰县、北盘江镇、花江示范区作为研究样区,讨论了不同尺度喀斯特地区土地利用动态变化过程。结果发现: 研究样区土地利用的数量变化主要表现在农用地与未利用地之间的增减变化, 而且1997— 2000年的土地利用变化速度比2001- 2003年的快。在土地利用的结构变化上,北盘江镇园地所占比例增长、未利用地所占比例减少和贞丰县林地面积所占比例变化最大,花江示范区同北盘江镇的结构变化相似。在土地利用的程度变化上,三个研究区土地利用程度综合指数都有所提高,整体趋于平衡。县级尺度的土地利用程度综合指数大于镇级尺度,村级尺度的土地利用综合指数最小。三个研究区的景观偏离度呈有规律的缓慢增长趋势,表明人类活动对土地利用的影响逐渐加强。      

A model for radial dike emplacement in composite cones based on observations from Summer Coon volcano,Colorado, USA

We mapped the geometry of 13 silicic dikes at Summer Coon, an eroded Oligocene stratovolcano in southern Colorado, to investigate various characteristics of radial dike emplacement in composite volcanoes. Exposed dikes are up to about 7 km in length and have numerous offset segments along their upper peripheries. Surprisingly, most dikes at Summer Coon increase in thickness with distance from the center of the volcano. Magma pressure in a dike is expected to lessen away from the pressurized source region, which would encourage a blade-like dike to decrease in thickness with distance from the center of the volcano. We attribute the observed thickness pattern as evidence of a driving pressure gradient, which is caused by decreasing host rock shear modulus and horizontal stress, both due to decreasing emplacement depths beneath the sloping flanks of the volcano. Based on data from Summer Coon, we propose that radial dikes originate at depth below the summit of a host volcano and follow steeply inclined paths towards the surface. Near the interface between volcanic cone and basement, which may represent a neutral buoyancy surface or stress barrier, magma is transported subhorizontally and radially away from the center of the volcano in blade-like dikes. The dikes thicken with increasing radial distance, and offset segments and fingers form along the upper peripheries of the intrusions. Eruptions may occur anywhere along the length of the dikes, but the erupted volume will generally be greater for dike-fed eruptions far from the center of the host volcano owing to the increase in driving pressure with distance from the source. Observed eruptive volumes, vent locations, and vent-area intrusions from inferred post-glacial dike-fed eruptions at Mount Adams, Washington, USA, support the proposed model. Hazards associated with radial dike emplacement are therefore greater for longer dikes that propagate to the outer flanks of a volcano.     

地理信息公共服务平台建设的有效驱动

通过研究我国地理信息公共服务平台建设的驱动现状及其相关问题,分析了地理信息公共服务平台的层次结构以及在空间信息技术发展中的定位,基于地理信息公共服务平台的试点工程应用示范建设的经验,阐述了地理信息公共服务平台建设的有效驱动问题。针对我国当前地理信息公共服务平台建设中的瓶颈问题,提出了走以不同行业与部门协同共建的方式来有效驱动地理信息公共服务平台建设的路径。     

济南泉域土地利用动态变化及驱动力研究

基于Arc/Info、ArcView等地理信息系统技术支持,利用遥感和非遥感信息资料,对1995～2000年济南泉域的土地利用变化进行了动态研究,求得泉域土地利用动态变化的转值矩阵,据此分析了近几年济南泉域土地利用变化的空间过程。     

浙江省义乌市城市空间结构动态变化遥感监测

以地形图和不同时相的TM影像为信息源,介绍了浙江省义乌市城市空间结构动态变化过程,阐明了1970～2002年32a间义乌市城市空间结构动态变化的驱动因素主要有自然环境、交通通达性和经济发展速度等,为合理制定和完善城市规划,实现城市社会经济与生态环境的持续发展提供了决策依据.     

Analysis on the key findings related to emission trends and drivers from the IPCC AR6 report北大核心CSCD

"Emission Trends and Drivers" chapter, an important basis for international climate negotiations, is one of the core contents of each assessment report. The trends and driving factors of greenhouse gas emissions from 1990 to 2019 are discussed in this chapter in the Sixth Assessment Report (AR6) released in April 2022. Compared with the content in the Fifth Assessment Report (AR5), in terms of historical emission trends, AR6 focuses on the changes from 2010 to 2019, highlights the importance of the 1.5°C temperature control target, pays more attention to carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and non-carbon dioxide greenhouse gas emissions related to land use change, and further emphasizes the carbon emission trend and its regional evolution trend from the perspective of production and consumption. Besides, the short-term impact of COVID-19 on global carbon emissions is explored. In terms of driving factors, besides analyzing the global and regional economic driving factors, the economic driving factors and differences in energy, industry, construction, transportation, agriculture, forestry and other land use (AFOLU) sectors are also studied, which systematically reflects the similarities and differences of driving factors at the global, regional and departmental levels. The results affirm the positive impact of existing climate policies on climate mitigation highlight the benefits of technological change and innovation on climate mitigation, and identify the adverse impact of carbon locking of fossil energy infrastructure. Finally, based on the full analysis of the key conclusions in AR6, some suggestions on China's low-carbon development are given. © 2022 Chinese Journal of Digestive Endoscopy All rights reserved.