土壤氮、盐浓度对盐角草(Salicornia europaea)生长发育及氮素吸收的影响

以盐生植物盐角草(Salicornia europaea)为材料,以NaCl模拟不同盐度环境,盆栽试验了氮(0.3g·kg-1,N1;0.6g·kg-1,N2;1.2g·kg-1,N3;2.4g·kg-1,N4)、盐(2.5g·kg-1,S1;5.0g·kg-1,S2;7.5g·kg-1,S3)处理对其生长发育及氮素吸收利用的影响。结果表明:(1)不同盐度下施氮均可以显著促进盐角草的生长,地上部干质量均在N2处理下达到最大,而株高均在N1时达到最高,且施氮对盐角草生长的影响与盐度有关;(2)不同盐度环境下施氮所能达到的最高干物质产量及最高施氮限量不同,表现为S3S1S2,随着施氮量的增加,氮素生产力与氮素农学利用效率均表现出下降的趋势;(3)施氮显著增加了盐角草各器官含氮量及氮吸收量,同一施氮水平下盐角草各器官含氮量及氮吸收量均表现为同化枝茎根;(4)同一施氮水平下,随着盐度的增加,盐角草同化枝渗透势显著下降,同一盐度环境下,随着施氮量的增加,同化枝渗透势呈现出下降趋势,渗透调节能力增大;(5)3个盐度环境下,施氮均增加盐角草同化枝光合色素含量,从而提高光合效率,增强其对盐渍环境的适应能力。     

安徽省大别山区扶贫开发的产业选择和发展对策

大别山区扶贫开发和功能区生态环境保护是目前人们所广泛关注的重要课题。合理发展产业经济是实现国家重要生态功能区环境保护和脱贫的重要途径。结合大别山区贫困县的生态功能定位和产业基础,构建生态产业集中发展区和生态经济综合配套区,以六安市为例选择优势主导产业、各贫困县的生态产业,且提出生态补偿式扶贫开发中产业具体发展对策。     

“建管结合”的湿地生态管理模式

近5年来,在林业部门的大力支持下,对玫瑰湖湿地进行重新规划,并在合理利用区实施了一系列的开发建设和保护保育管理工程,使水系得到疏通,水质逐步得到净化,生态环境及动植物栖息地得到很好的恢复与保护,同时也为人们提供了一处休憩游玩的好地方,探索出一条"建管结合"的湿地生态管理模式。     

南京市湿地公园建设现状及对策

南京市湿地资源丰富,以南京市湿地公园为研究对象,分析其建设现状,针对管理机制、资金投入和宣传教育3个方面的问题,提出了"注重部门配合,建立湿地保护协调机制,加大资金投入,建立湿地生态补偿机制,加强宣传教育力度,提高全社会湿地保护意识"的对策建议。     

Perceptions of climate change in China: The research and policy connection

Global climate change has evolved from a scientific problem into an economic and political problem oI worlOwloe rater- est. National perspectives play a crucial role in addressing climate change. Mutual understanding of perspectives is nec- essary to result in rational policies and a consensus among stakeholders with divergent interests. Conceptual frameworks for understanding the problem of climate change in China, the largest developing country and the largest greenhouse gas emitter, are of great significance to national and international efforts to address the problems of climate change. Chinese perceptions of climate change as a sustainable development problem have recently been in tension with an emerging Western perspective that frames climate change as a security issue. This paper explores Chinese perceptions of climate change as expressed in recent governmental policy statements, public opinion surveys, and academic scholarship with a focus on publications in Chinese-language journals, often unfamiliar in the West. It looks at the relationship between Chinese research and policy and finds that the Chinese policy frame of climate change as a sustainable development problem draws from the body of domestic research and is reflective of the perspectives and multidisciplinary approach of Chinese researchers in areas of climate change.     

人工影响天气作业装备研发和应用进展

人工影响天气科学活动持续了将近70 a,其作业装备和技术方法均得到了很大的发展,已经形成空中和地面一体化作业体系。以美国、加拿大、澳大利亚、以色列、南非、泰国等为代表的国家主要使用飞机和地面发生器开展人工影响天气作业。以俄罗斯、中国、保加利亚等为代表的国家在使用飞机和地面发生器的同时,也使用火箭(或高炮)开展人工影响天气作业。随着高性能飞机的投入使用,播撒技术和催化剂配方的不断研发改进,人工影响天气作业装备整体水平有了明显的发展和提高。文章分别介绍了国内外人工影响天气飞机及机载作业装备、火箭和高炮、地面发生器、常用催化剂的研发和应用情况及未来发展趋势。     

海洋传感观测服务柔性开发技术研究

海洋传感观测服务能够实现多个海洋观测系统间的数据共享与集成,支持大范围、多学科的海洋科学研究。在软件开发过程中,由于不同观测系统的数据库异构互异,导致传感器观测服务软件难以复用,开发效率低。本文针对数据库结构的相似性进行分析,提出海洋传感观测服务的柔性开发模型,设计可适配于异构数据库的服务构件。该构件通过配置观测数据在具体数据库的存储结构,实现了数据库结构向服务模式定义的映射;服务构件根据配置信息生成数据库查询语句,实现观测数据的自动提取,避免了数据库异构导致的重复开发的问题。通过将服务构件应用在实际开发中,验证了该模型的有效性与可行性。     

The potential of ocean acidification on suppressing larval development in the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas and blood cockle Arca inflata Reeve

We evaluated the effect of pH on larval development in larval Pacific oyster （Crassostrea gigas） and blood cockle （Arca inflata Reeve）. The larvae were reared at pH 8.2 （control）, 7.9, 7.6, or 7.3 beginning 30 min or 24 h post fertilization. Exposure to lower pH during early embryonic development inhibited larval shell formation in both species. Compared with the control, larvae took longer to reach the D-veliger stage when reared under pH 7.6 and 7.3. Exposure to lower pH immediately after fertilization resulted in significantly delayed shell formation in the Pacific oyster larvae at pH 7.3 and blood cockle larvae at pH 7.6 and 7.3. However, when exposure was delayed until 24 h post fertilization, shell formation was only inhibited in blood cockle larvae reared at pH 7.3. Thus, the early embryonic stages were more sensitive to acidified conditions. Our results suggest that ocean acidification will have an adverse effect on embryonic development in bivalves. Although the effects appear subtle, they may accumulate and lead to subsequent issues during later larval development.     

Spatiotemporal patterns of road network and road development priority in three parallel rivers region in Yunnan, China: An evaluation based on modified kernel distance estimate

Road network is a critical component of public infrastructure,and the supporting system of social and economic development.Based on a modified kernel density estimate(KDE)algorithm,this study evaluated the road service capacity provided by a road network composed of multi-level roads(i.e.national,provincial,county and rural roads),by taking account of the differences of effect extent and intensity for roads of different levels.Summarized at town scale,the population burden and the annual rural economic income of unit road service capacity were used as the surrogates of social and economic demands for road service.This method was applied to the road network of the Three Parallel River Region,the northwestern Yunnan Province,China to evaluate the development of road network in this region.In results,the total road length of this region in 2005 was 3.70×104km,and the length ratio between national,provincial,county and rural roads was 1∶2∶8∶47.From 1989 to 2005,the regional road service capacity increased by 13.1%,of which the contributions from the national,provincial,county and rural roads were 11.1%,19.4%,22.6%,and 67.8%,respectively,revealing the effect of′All Village Accessible′policy of road development in the mountainous regions in the last decade.The spatial patterns of population burden and economic requirement of unit road service suggested that the areas farther away from the national and provincial roads have higher road development priority(RDP).Based on the modified KDE model and the framework of RDP evaluation,this study provided a useful approach for developing an optimal plan of road development at regional scale.     

基于Android终端和UC Map平台的移动GIS开发与应用

面向服务的移动GIS开发与应用逐渐成为移动GIS领域研究热点和发展趋势。本文首先介绍了Android终端和UCMap开发平台等相关知识;其次详细研究了基于移动GIS应用的Android平台开发环境搭建和基于UCMap平台的Android终端应用二次开发模块;最后提出了一种基于移动GIS应用的UCMap平台开发与应用模式,并在Android平台上进行了相关技术验证,对移动GIS应用研究具有较高的技术参考价值。