双探测器碳氧比测井技术及其应用

通过向地层发射快中子并测量中子反应产生的伽玛射线能谱能够确定套管外面地层的含油饱和度。非弹性中子反应产生的伽玛射线能谱可以给出地层中碳、氧含量信息,进而可以得到含油饱和度。在地层水矿化度非常低或未知时,该测井技术在套管中尤为有用。     

Loss-Cone Instability and Formation of Zebra Patterns in Type IV Solar Radio Bursts

The loss-cone instability of energetic electrons at double plasma resonance is considered. Conditions required for the formation of a zebra pattern in type IV solar radio bursts are determined. It is shown that electrons with a power-law energetic spectrum can effectively excite upper-hybrid waves at double plasma resonance. Stripes of a zebra pattern become more pronounced with an increase of the loss-cone opening angle and the power-law spectral index. The growth rate at the resonance frequencies decreases with an increase of the cyclotron harmonic number. Interpretation of observations and diagnostics of plasma for the April 21, 2002, event are performed. Conclusions about the impulsive mode of injection of energetic electrons into a coronal arc are made.     

Discrimination of α and β/γ interactions in a TeO2 bolometer

TeO₂ crystals have proven to be superb bolometers for the search of neutrinoless double beta decay in many respects. However, if used alone, they do not exhibit any feature that allows to discriminate an α energy deposit from a β/γ one. This fact limits their ability to reject the background due to natural radioactivity and eventually affects the sensitivity of the search. In this paper we show the results of a TeO₂ crystal where, in coincidence with its bolometric heat signal, also the luminescence light escaping the crystal is recorded. The results show that we are able to measure the light produced by β/γ particles, which can be explained as due to Cerenkov emission. No light is detected from α particles, allowing the rejection of this background source.     

不同云微物理方案对一次飑线过程模拟的影响

本文利用WRF(Weather Research and Forecasting)模式的不同云微物理方案对2009年6月14日发生在华东地区的一次飑线过程进行1 km的高分辨率模拟,探讨不同云微物理方案对飑线模拟的影响。结果表明:双参数方案的模拟效果总体上优于单参数方案,其中WDM6方案模拟效果最佳,能够较好的模拟出强对流回波区、层云区的主要特征。在单参数方案中以WSM6方案最优。Kessler和LIN方案模拟飑线的回波范围偏小,强度偏弱。进一步对比热力和动力场发现,WDM6方案模拟的冷池的面积最大,强度最强,气压最高,飑线前部的入流处风速最大。不同云微物理方案对微物理场的影响较明显,相比单参数方案,双参数方案模拟的水凝物混合比更高,且能够模拟粒子数浓度,更准确地描述了云中的各类粒子特征。     

Relocation of the Ms≥2.0 Earthquakes in the Northern Tianshan Region, Xinjiang, Using the Double-Difference Earthquake Relocation Algorithm

We applied the double-difference earthquake relocation algorithm to 1348 earthquakes with M_S≥2.0 that occurred in the northern Tianshan region, Xinjiang, from April 1988 to June 2003, using a total of 28701 P- and S-wave arrival times recorded by 32 seismic stations in Xinjiang. Aiming to obtain most of these M_S≥2.0 earthquakes relocations, and considering the requirements of the DD method and the condition of data, we added the travel time data of another 437 earthquakes with 1.5≤M_S<2.0. Finally, we obtained the relocation results for 1253 earthquakes with M_S≥2.0, which account for 93% of all the 1348 earthquakes with M_S≥2.0 and includes all the M_S≥3.0 earthquakes. The reason for not relocating the 95 earthquakes with 2.0≤M_S<3.0 is analyzed in the paper. After relocation, the RMS residual decreased from 0.83s to 0.14s, the average error is 0.993 km in E-W direction, 1.10 km in N-S direction, and 1.33 km in vertical direction. The hypocenter depths are more convergent than before and distributed from 5 km to 35 km, with 94% being from 5km to 35 km, 68.2% from 10 km to 25 km. The average hypocenter depth is 19 km.     

大气粒子散射相函数的参数化方案比较及其改进

大气粒子散射相函数的参数化是大气辐射传输参数化的重要组成部分。文中全面比较了大气粒子的HenyeyGreenstein(HG)方案和双Henyey-Greenstein(DHG)方案,并在四流球谐函数展开累加法中,应用这两种相函数参数化方案计算气溶胶、云、霾粒子的反射率、透射率或吸收率。该研究结果表明:HG方案无法表现相函数的后向峰值,因而其计算的大气粒子反射率和透射率精度较差;DHG方案能较好地表征相函数的整体特征,但是该方案计算的相函数易出现后向异常峰值或为负值,并导致计算得到的气溶胶、云、霾粒子的反射率和透射率精度甚至会低于HG方案。对DHG方案进行进一步研究,提出了改进的DHG方案(MDHG)。MDHG方案计算结果稳定,并能很好表征相函数的前向和后向峰值的特征,其计算的大气粒子的反射率和透射率精度也较高。因此,MDHG方案是一种理想的相函数参数化方案。     

高频GPS双差残差模型监测强震地表运动

根据震时地表震动持续时间短的特点,以及双差残差的相关性,提出了基于双差残差建模的高频GPS强震位移监测方法.首先对震前若干历元各双差残差进行建模,地震发生后,利用模型对各双差残差进行预报,最后利用预报残差实现短时间尺度内的位移解算.利用一条长约1100 km基线的静态数据和El Mayor-Cucapah 7.2级地震的94个测站数据进行试验分析,结果表明,5 min预测时间内,静态数据的动态位移在N、E、U三个方向的定位中误差分别为6 mm、6 mm和13 mm,地震数据的解算结果与实际情况有较好的一致性.     

新疆北天山地区Ms≥2.0地震震源参数的重新测定

基于新疆32个测震台站记录到的28701条P波和S波震相到时数据,利用双差地震定位法重新测定新疆北天山地区(42.5°~45°N,82°~89°E)1988年4月至2003年6月间发生的1348次MS≥2.0地震的震源位置。为尽量得到全部地震的重新定位结果,本文结合双差地震定位法对资料的要求和所用资料情况,添加了437次1.5≤MS<2.0的地震震相到时数据参与定位计算。重新定位后得到了1253次MS≥2.0地震的重新定位结果,占全部MS≥2.0地震的93%,其中,MS≥3.0的地震全部得到了重新定位结果,并对没有得到重新定位结果的95次2.0≤MS<3.0地震的原因进行了分析。得到重新定位结果的1253次地震的均方根残差的平均值由重新定位前的0.83s降到0.14s,震源位置的测定误差(2倍标准偏差)在E-W方向平均为0.993km,在N-S方向上平均为1.10km,垂直方向平均为1.33km。分析重新定位结果得出,重新定位地震的震源深度较定位前有明显收敛,集中分布在5~35km,94.3%的地震震源深度分布在5~35km,68.2%的地震震源深度分布在10~25km,地震的平均震源深度为19km。     

ISO2002: an analytical stochastic model of multi-difference GPS carrier-phase data

The differencing technique is useful in global positioning system (GPS) positioning when two or more GPS receivers collect simultaneous observables from common satellites at each epoch, and all carrier-phase observables have the same normal distribution. An analytical probability distribution of the single-, double-, triple- and multi-difference GPS observables is obtained. This analytical model, called ISO2002, has a good matrix structure, in which I indicates the number of receivers, S indicates the number of observed satellites, and O indicates the number of epochs. The variance–covariance matrix can be expressed as the Kronecker product of several small matrices, so its inverse is equal to the Kronecker product of the inverses of these sub-matrices. Moreover, these small matrices are circulant or symmetric diagonal Toeplitz matrices, so their inverses have analytical solutions. The analytical model ISO2002 proposed to compute the inverse variance–covariance matrix is shown to be very effective.     

碳酸盐岩中喀斯特水的“多元”空隙研究

喀斯特水的特征与其他岩石中的裂隙水、孔隙水具实质性区别,主要原因是碳酸盐岩发育有多元空隙,导致喀斯特化岩体中的水介质复杂多样性。为便於深入研究,本文把喀斯特水运动归纳为两个类型:(1)不纯碳酸盐岩、结晶白云岩、中国北方的灰岩中的溶隙水,流态为层流运动;(2)中国南方的灰岩中的溶洞水(指Ⅲ水动力带),流态为紊流运动。