基于Argo历史观测的南海海盆尺度中层流场研究

针对南海海域海流环境复杂、中层实测数据量少的现状,本文基于2006-2016年布放在南海海域的114个Argo剖面浮标的卫星定位等信息,采用基于背景流和惯性流外推的最小二乘方法,获取南海海域1 200 m深中层流场信息,并采用Divand变分插值的方法形成网格化季节流场。结果表明:（1）针对南海中层（1 200 m）流场,单个Argo浮标可以刻画出具体的中尺度结构,如越南沿岸的反气旋涡,半径约为120 km,最大流速约为9.6 cm/s,平均流速为5.3 cm/s;（2） Argo网格化流场表明海盆尺度中层流场南海南部为反气旋环流结构,北部为气旋式环流,同时在吕宋海峡口存在从南海至太平洋的水体交换;（3）将该流场信息与HYCOM和YoMaHa'07两种资料对比,吻合度较高,与HYCOM再分析资料的偏差分布趋近于正态分布,海流的东西向分量的均方根误差为3.28 cm/s,南北向分量的均方根误差为3.26 cm/s。总体而言,利用Argo轨迹资料能够有效地反演出南海地区海盆尺度的中层环流特征。     

利用Thorpe尺度估算南极点大气湍流廓线

分析了南极点(South Pole)2012年常规气象参数探空数据,统计了南极点全年的边界层高度分布,利用Thorpe尺度估算了南极点夏季及冬季的折射率结构常数Cn^2、大气相干长度、视宁度、等晕角等参数和边界层高度以上及边界层内的视宁度及其对整层(0—25 km)视宁度的贡献,将之与文献结果比对。结果表明:估算的Cn^2在近地面随高度迅速递减,300 m后随高度缓慢减小,5 km以后出现一个鼓包,10 km后随高度稳定递减,都呈现湍流主要集中于300 m以下这一特点。用Thorpe尺度估算的南极点冬季整层视宁度为1.87",270 m以上高度视宁度为0.39",与文献报道较为吻合。Thorpe尺度相较于其他外尺度模式估算过程更为简便。     

The response of spiders to less-focused non-crop habitats in the agricultural landscape along the lower reach of the Yellow River

Journal of Geographical Sciences - Non-crop habitats have been suggested to impact local biodiversity significantly in agricultural landscapes. However, there have been few studies of the effects...     

基于用地与人口复合视角下山东省城镇体系规模结构合理性诊断

科学识别区域城镇体系规模结构合理性,准确判定区域城镇规模结构演化态势与存在问题,对于区域新型城镇化发展与乡村振兴具有重要意义。基于用地与人口复合视角,该文综合构建了城镇体系规模结构的合理性判别模型以及城市规模效率判定模型,并对2008—2017年山东省城镇体系的合理性进行综合评价,结果表明:①山东省城镇规模结构较为合理,且其空间呈现出"√"型分布特征,与其区域内人口规模、用地面积具有重要的相关关系;②山东省城镇Zipf指数呈现出稳定发展—迅速降低—较为稳定的阶段性变化特征,一定程度上反映出山东省大城市的辐射带动效应较低,未来需要积极培育区域中心城市,增强大城市辐射带动作用;③山东省城镇体系具有相对稳定固化特征,但随着时间推移,其城镇体系呈现出由低级向高级、由不合理向合理的演化趋势;空间线性回归分析结果表明,山东省城镇位序与城镇规模的关系明显受到区域因素的相互作用。④山东省城市规模效率呈现散团镶嵌分布的空间格局,并且初步形成了三大高度合理的城市规模效率空间格局。     

粗粒料级配缩尺后最大干密度试验研究

对某级配粗粒料,采用剔除法、等量替代法、相似级配法和混合法等4种不同缩尺方法,依据规范要求进行缩尺。缩尺后替代级配料的最大颗粒粒径分别为20、40、60 mm。对各替代级配料采用振动台法进行了最大干密度试验,基于试验成果,结合分形理论,提出了一种将最大干密度与级配及细粒含量之间关系归一化的方法,并拟合了最大干密度与试验前级配的分形维数、小于5 mm颗粒的含量及最大粒径之间的关系,据此可推求出原型级配料的最大干密度,探讨了缩尺方法对替代料试验前后粒径分布曲线变化幅度的影响,总结出颗粒破碎分形维数与试验前级配的分形维数、小于5 mm颗粒含量及最大粒径之间的关系式,据此可推求出填筑后原型级配料的颗粒破碎分形维数。     

Radar remote sensing of the source areas from the Coët-Dan catchment

As interest shifts to the development of models for predicting runoff quality, identification of the source areas for runoff becomes increasingly important. Active microwave remote sensing has a unique potential for surveying source areas at the catchment scale. Thresholding of the back-scattering coefficient was initially proposed but proved unsatisfactory when applied to the ERS-1 SAR multitemporal images acquired during winter 1992 over the Coët-Dan catchment, concomitantly with ground observations. Difference images may, instead, allow the wettest part of the catchment to be identified provided that the two images encompass a marked hydrological event. A saturation plot could not however be obtained for each date; the use of a pair of images may be further limited by the residual speckle (although carefully filtered using the multitemporal information) and a slight inaccuracy in the SAR image calibration. It is therefore argued that considering the whole temporal back-scatter profile would be, at present, a safer approach to the remote sensing of saturated areas. The back-scatter temporal standard deviation appears, in this light, as a possible good indicator of the local saturation likelihood during the period of study: it is based on the fact that saturation develops on parts of the catchment that are wetter than the others through lateral recharge. Possible applications within the TOPMODEL framework are discussed. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

一种面向对象的最优分割尺度计算模型

作为信息提取和分类的前提,面向对象的影像分割尺度参数的设置直接影响到提取和分类的精度。本文以GF-2影像数据为例,在已有分割理论和方法的基础上提出一种基于最优分割尺度的计算模型（OS模型）。该模型以主成分分析所得的主成分以及新建的归一化植被指数（normalized vegetation index,NDVI）特征层作为分割参考层,综合考虑均质因子的影响,构建加权尺度评价指数,插值拟合最优分割尺度。构建误差系数（E_c）对模型进行评价,结果表明：OS模型误差系数（E_c=1.15%）小于传统模型（E_c=3.28%）,且分割对象更均匀、与实际地物更接近。     

Astronomical time scale of the Turonian constrained by multiple paleoclimate proxies

One of the clocks that record the Earth history is(quasi-) periodic astronomical cycles.These cycles influence the climate that can be ultimately stored in sedimentary rocks.By cracking these(quasi-) periodic sedimentation signals,high resolution astronomical time scale(ATS) can be obtained.Paleoclimate proxies are widely used to extract astronomical cycles.However different proxies may respond differently to astronomical signals and nonastronomical noises including tectonics,diagenesis,and measurement error among others.Astronomical time scale constructed based on a single proxy where its signal-to-noise ratio is low may have uncertainty that is difficult to evaluate but can be revealed by utilizing other proxies.Here,we test eight astronomical age models using two astrochro no logical methods from four paleoclimate proxies(i.e.,color reflection L~* and b~*,natural gamma radiation,and bulk density) from the Turonian to the Coniacian of the Cretaceous Period at the Demerara Rise in the equatorial Atlantic.The two astrochronological methods are time calibration using long eccentricity bandpass filtering(E1 bandpass) and tracking the long eccentricity from evolutive harmonic analysis(tracking EHA).The statistical mean and standard deviation of four age models from the four proxies are calculated to construct one integrated age model with age uncertainty in each method.Results demonstrate that extracting astronomical signals from multiple paleoclimate proxies is a valid method to estimate age model uncertainties.Anchored at the Cenomanian/Turonian boundary with an age of 93.9 ± 0.15 Ma from biostratigraphy,the ages for CC11/CC12(calcareous nannofossil zones),Turonian/Coniacian(CC12/CC13),CC13/CC14,and Coniacian/Santonian boundaries are 91.25±0.20 Ma,89.87±0.20 Ma,86.36±0.33 Ma,and 86.03±0.32 Ma in E1 bandpass method,compared with 91.17±0.36 Ma,89.74±0.38 Ma,86.13±1.31 Ma,and 85.80±1.33 Ma respectively in tracking EHA method.These results are consistent with previous studies within error and provide a reliable estimation of uncertainties of the ages.     

海洋结构物小尺度桩柱的水动力系数研究与进展

本文主要归纳了基于Morison方程求解小尺度桩柱的水动力系数方面的研究成果。分别从单桩柱和群桩两个方面对水动力系数的研究成果,包括纯波、波流混合、横向力、直立桩柱、倾斜桩柱、复杂结构桩柱、粗糙度等进行了阐述,给出了在波流条件下水动力系数的变化规律;归纳了当前水动力系数的求解方法;介绍了在水动力系数的物模实验、数值仿真以及实验数据处理方法上的研究进展,并提出了相关研究的建议。     

河西走廊城乡居民点空间分异特征及绿洲孕育度分析

绿洲和绿洲所孕育的城镇与乡村聚落是西北干旱区人类生产、生活和生态的核心,探究绿洲与居民点的关系对干旱区新型城镇化建设与乡村振兴意义重大。研究通过Google Earth目视解译,识别提取河西走廊全域绿洲和城乡居民点空间特征信息,运用GIS空间分析、景观格局指数,系统地对河西走廊2016年城乡居民点的规模、形态结构与类型特征进行分析,并首次提出了干旱区居民点的绿洲孕育指数,进一步分析了城乡居民点的绿洲孕育程度。结果表明：（1） 河西走廊居民点规模与密度分异特征显著,居民点用地规模普遍偏小,平均规模仅为0.05 km²。居民点分布呈现高密度小规模和低密度大规模集聚分布的特征,居民点密度和集聚度均以城市为中心呈距离衰减规律。“热点”探测发现,山丹县以东是河西走廊地区居民点分布的热点区。（2） 居民点形态结构分析表明乡村聚落的连接性和稳定性自东向西逐渐减弱,居民点面积差异性从城市“中心—边缘”在逐渐的缩小,其中瓜州县、玉门市和金塔县等区域居民点的平均形状指数和平均分维数耦合度高,自然分布态势强,斑块形状复杂。（3） 绿洲孕育指数较高的嘉峪关“人—地”关系矛盾突出,城乡发展极大受绿洲规模限制;而凉州区、民勤县等绿洲腹地空间宽广有利于城乡居民点发展。