平凉台井下地电阻率观测影响系数分析

根据地电阻率影响系数理论,以平凉台4层电性结构为例,分析了井下对称四极地电阻率观测影响系数随深度和极距的变化。结果表明:对于固定的观测极距,影响系数与电极埋深之间的关系复杂;通过计算各层影响系数的大小,认为平凉台井下观测对地表及浅层干扰有较好的抑制作用,其分析结果可为在类似台址电性结构中实施井下地电阻率观测时选择电极埋深和供电极距提供参考。     

Dynamical analysis and robust control for dive plane of supercavitating vehicles

The high-speed supercavitating vehicle (HSSV) utilizes advanced technology that enables an underwater vehicle to reach its unprecedented high speed. The vertical motion control of the HSSV is challenging problem because of its complex dynamics with nonlinear planing force, parametric uncertainties, external disturbances, actuator saturation, and sensor noises. This paper deals with dynamical analysis and a robust H∞ loop-shaping synthesis with modified PID (proportional-integral-derivative) algorithm to control the dive plane maneuver of the HSSV. Typically, the control scheme has the low order structure and provides robustness against dynamic uncertainties, which can be implemented using the bilinear matrix inequality (BMI) optimization of an equivalent Schur formula. Simulation results show that the controlled vehicle system provides good performance and high robustness against uncertainties, ensuring no-overshoot and fast in time-domain responses. In addition, the control algorithm can decouple the dynamic interactions in the multi-input multi-output (MIMO) system, overcoming parametric uncertainty, planing force, and actuator saturation while minimizing the effect of the strong external disturbances and measurement noises.     

Selective coral mortality associated with outbreaks of Acanthaster planci L. in Bootless Bay, Papua New Guinea

Population outbreaks of crown-of-thorns sea star (Acanthaster planci L.) remain one of the most significant biological disturbances on tropical coral reefs although the increasing attention given to other threats has greatly limited recent progress in understanding the cause and consequences of this phenomenon. In September 2005 dramatic increases in the abundance of A. planci were observed on reefs within Bootless Bay, Central Province, Papua New Guinea, where few crown-of-thorns have previously been reported. Densities of A. planci peaked at 162 sea stars per hectare and caused extensive coral mortality. This outbreak killed upwards of 55% of live corals, reducing overall coral cover from 42.4% in 2005 down to just 19.1% in March 2006. Declines in coral cover were largely driven by widespread mortality of Acropora spp. which dominated reef assemblages prior to the outbreak. The extensive depletion of Acropora spp. greatly altered the coral composition as well as the physical structure of reef habitats. In the absence of any other major disturbances these coral communities are likely to quickly recover, but this outbreak highlights the ongoing contribution of A. planci to degradation of coral reef environments.     

Effect of snow-cover duration on plant species diversity of alpine meadows on the eastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

Although snow cover plays an important role in structuring plant diversity in the alpine zone, there are few studies on the relationship between snow cover and species diversity of alpine meadows on the eastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. To assess the effect of snow cover on plant species diversity of alpine meadows, we used ten parallel transects of 60 m × 1 m for this study and described the changes in species diversity and composition associated with snow depth. With the division of snow depth into six classes, the highest species richness （S） and species diversity （H′） occurred with an intermediate snow depth, i.e., class Ⅲ and class Ⅳ, showing a unimodal curve with the increase in snow depth. The relationship between snow depth and plant diversity （both richness and Shannon index） could be depicted by quadratic equations. There was no evident relationship between diversity （both S and H′） and soil water content, which implied that other more important factors influenced species diversity. The patterns of diversity found in our study were largely attributed to freeze-thaw alteration, length of growing season and disturbances of livestock grazing. Furthermore, snow depth affected species composition, as evaluated by the Sorensen＇s index of similarity. In addition, almost all species limited to one snow depth class were found only in class Ⅲand class Ⅳ, indicating that intermediate snow depth was suitable for the survival and growth of many alpine species.     

铜镉渣中总锌的容量法测定

用二次分离法将氨分离滤液中的干扰离子生成氢氧化物沉淀,消除有色金属离子的干扰,锌回收良好,电锌铜镉渣试样中测定总锌结果令人满意.     

铝分析中氟化物取代苦杏仁酸方法的改进

使用氟化物取代锌盐-EDTA滴定法,与电位滴定、光谱分析等手段在铝土矿、合金中铝含量测定,设备要求低,环境友好,分析方便易行,准确度和精密度上达到国家行业要求,有不可取代的优势。     

山西地震重力监测网起算基准扰动分析

在精细处理山西省地震重力监测网全部观测资料的基础上,研究了经典平差中起算基准的稳定性及其对平差结果的干扰.采用最小二乘拟合方法,消除了起算基准对区域重力场动态变化的影响.结果表明:2010年山西阳曲地震前后的重力异常明显,反映了地震孕育的基本信息.因此,在处理地震重力监测资料和分析地震重力异常时必须修正起算基准的干扰.     

ICP-AES光谱法测定铅锌矿石中Cu Pb Zn As Bi

铅锌矿经王水分解处理,标准溶液中配入与样品组分相匹配的标准物质,用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法可稳定、准确地测定矿石中铜、铅、锌、砷、铋。     

电气化铁路对平凉地震地电观测干扰的实验研究

详细介绍了宝中电气化铁路通车前后，平凉地电台自然电场及地电阻率的实测试验，结果表明，电气化机车通过平凉地电台测区时，产生强烈的交流干扰，致使自然电场和地电阻率观测无法正常进行。     

Study on Instability in Baroclinic Vortex Symmetric Disturbance under Effect of Nonuniform Environmental Parameters

With the aid of the baroclinicity parameter M2,inertial instability parameter F2 and the stratification instability paramter N2 as the slowly varying function both spatially and temporally,an energetic equation is derived of symmetric perturbation waves in baroclinic vortices in the framework of progressively changing wavetrain theory,or WKB,alongside the examination of effects of these parameters upon the vortex disturbance.