Screening model for volatile pollutants in dual porosity soils

This paper develops mass fraction models for transport and fate of agricultural pollutants in structured two-region soils. Mass fraction index models, based on a semi-infinite domain solution, are derived that describe leaching at depth, vapor losses through soil surface, absorption, and degradation in the dynamic- and stagnant-water soil regions. The models predict that leaching is the result of the combined effect of the upward vapor-phase transport relative to downward advection, residence time relative to half-life, dispersion, and lateral diffusive mass transfer. Simulations show that leached fraction of volatile compounds does not always decrease monotonically with increased residence time relative to the pollutant half-life, as a result of complex interactions among the different physical and biochemical processes. The results show that leaching, volatilization, and degradation losses can be affected significantly by lateral diffusive mass transfer into immobile-water regions and advection relative to dispersion (i.e. Peclet number) in the mobile-water regions. It is shown that solute diffusion into the immobile phase and subsequent biochemical decay reduces leaching and vapor losses through soil surface. Potential use of the modified leaching index for the screening of selected pesticides is illustrated for different soil textures and infiltration rates. The analysis may be useful to the management of pesticides and the design of landfills.     

铅橡胶复合阻尼器的性能试验研究

介绍作者提出的铅橡胶复合阻尼器的构造与耗能原理，通过不同形状，不同大小铅心的8个铅橡胶复合阻尼器的循环荷载试验，研究了频率、应变幅值、循环次数、铅芯直径、竖向压力等对铅橡胶复合阻尼器的影响规律。研究结果表明，铅橡胶复合阻尼器工作性能稳定，耗能性能和抗疲劳性能好。     

克孜尔水库大坝的面波检测

1999年 3月 15日克孜尔地震之后对克孜尔水库坝体出现的裂缝进行了面波勘探。首先介绍了面波勘探法的基本原理 ,然后通过典型剖面检测与资料处理找出异常区、带并进行解释。试验表明面波勘探法适用于克孜尔水库大坝监测     

挠曲线复位的微分方程解法求梁的位移

梁位移求解的方法主要有两种：积分法和叠加法。积分法的困难是当多个荷载同时作用时，要按控制面分段列弯矩方程，这样，两次积分时带来的积分常数较多，导致依边界条件、连续条件定这些常数时要解多个联立方程，计算繁杂。梁位移求解的叠加法是借用典型荷载下梁已知积分结果来进行对应位置位移的叠加，具体是查转角方程、挠曲线方程表格。从表中知，梁任一位置处的位移方程大多是多次多项式，很难记忆，故离开表格便无法采用。本文找到了一种新的方法求梁的位移，通过设置比拟梁，使比拟梁的挠曲线复位于原梁，从而建立了相应的微分方程，求解此方程后便可得梁的位移，避开了分段多次积分或查表的弱点。     

结构设计地震作用效应影响因素及规律分析

基于现行《建筑抗震设计规范》（GB50011－2001），本文分析了现行抗震设计中影响结构设计地震作用效应的主要因素，以规则平面框架对例对新旧规范影响结构设计地震作用效应的因素进行了对比，给出了其间的重要变化和基本规律。     

重庆秀山寒武纪海相碳酸盐的锶同位素组成及其地层学意义

锶同位素地层学是化学地层学的组成部分 ,简要介绍重庆市秀山县溶溪乡罗家沟寒武系剖面海相碳酸盐的锶同位素分析结果 ,建立了该剖面的锶同位素演化曲线 ,并与 Gao及 Denison等的同期锶演化曲线作了对比 ,秀山寒武纪锶同位素演化曲线与其他两条同期曲线有较大相似性 ,据此提出了秀山寒武系剖面部分主要年代地层界线的参考意见 ,并简述了寒武纪全球海平面变化的概况。     

煤田火区烧变岩光谱特征分析及其信息提取

中国北方煤田煤层自燃现象非常严重.利用遥感手段可以快速实现火区的动态监测,及时为灭火工程提供信息.烧变岩作为火区的地表指示性特征,是火区解译最直观的信息.本文从烧变岩的反射光谱曲线特征入手,对几种提取烧变岩信息的方法进行比较,从而确定解译烧变岩的最佳方法,为圈定火区的范围和位置奠定基础.     

A Procedure for Determining the Reaction Curve of Shotcrete Lining Considering Transient Conditions

Summary The mechanical behaviour of a shotcrete lining is analysed in this paper using the convergence-confinement approach. A calculation procedure is presented which is able to provide the reaction curve of a lining with increasing stiffness, by taking into account the variability due to time of the shotcrete stiffness and strength, as well as the face advancement rate. The proposed procedure is also able to provide the change of the safety factor of the lining in time. This results to be a very useful tool for understanding the behaviour of this widely used support and for assigning its thickness to guarantee stability (also in transient conditions), with a known safety factor, during tunnel excavation. Received May 25, 2001; accepted July 18, 2002; Published online January 21, 2003 Acknowledgements The author would like to thank Prof. S. Pelizza and Dr. S. Xu for the help given during the preparation of this paper. The help of the Editor G. Barla is also acknowledged. Authors' address: Dr. P. P. Oreste, Department of Earth Resources and Land, Politecnics di Torino, corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 1-10129 Torino, Italy; e-mail: oreste@polito.it     

关于O3层垂直剖面遥感的逆转曲线的数学拟合模式

逆转遥感是当前获得大气O₃层垂直剖面资料的重要方法之一，而逆转曲线的质量对遥感结果的精度至关重要．本文在最小二乘法的基础上，结合逆转曲线的特征，加以适当处理，建立了逆转曲线的拟合数学模式．其性能良好，对研究O₃层垂直剖面的长期演变趋势具有重要意义．     

频散效应对近地面层风速廓线的影响

应用含湍流频散效应的近地面层的运动方程求解了不同层结下的风速廓线，着重分析了湍流频散效应对近地面层平稳运动的影响。分析指出：湍流的频散效应对经典的幂律廓线一对数修正，该修正在不稳定层结时比稳定层时明显；利用相似理论也得到了该常数。