中国西沙海域永兴岛—七连屿海域鱼体内有机污染物含量特征与来源解析及风险评价

环境中的有机污染物对生态系统和人类健康产生严重威胁。有机污染物在全球海域鱼体内普遍检出,且长期食用会对人类造成一定的健康风险。为研究中国西沙海域鱼体内有机污染物污染情况、来源及生态风险,本文利用气相色谱-质谱法(GC-MS)分析测定了永兴岛和七连屿鱼体内有机氯农药(OCPs)、多环芳烃(PAHs)和多氯联苯(PCBs)的含量,采集了包括蜂巢石斑鱼、红裸颊鲷、黑身蓝子鱼在内的17种鱼类共50条。结果表明：鱼体内OCPs、PAHs和PCBs的总含量均值范围分别为2.23～91.57ng/g ww、2.11～31.70ng/g ww和1.55～54.04ng/g ww,平均值分别为32.50ng/g ww、17.29ng/g ww和18.79ng/g ww,中位数分别为16.92ng/g ww、13.34ng/g ww和7.61ng/g ww。双对氯苯基三氯乙烷(DDTs)类农药在美欧沿海鱼体内的含量分别为0.65～107.6ng/g ww和763～5357ng/g lw,中国浙江沿海水域鱼体内PAHs含量为10.4～140ng/g ww,地中海、意大利沿海和美国查尔斯顿港口采集的鱼体内PCBs含量分别为1234～12327ng/g lw、56.8～4791ng/g lw和5.02～232.20ng/g ww,研究区DDTs和PAHs含量水平处于全球海域的低端,推测由于研究区远离污染源。利用DDTs/[双对氯苯基二氯乙烯(DDE)+双对氯苯基二氯乙烷(DDD)]比值来判断DDTs的来源,研究区50%鱼体内DDTs/(DDE+DDD)＞1,表明中国西沙海域有部分新近输入的DDTs,研究区沉积物来源为陆源,推测中国西沙海域DDTs为陆源DDTs和永兴岛农业活动的综合作用。利用蒽(ANT)/[ANT+菲(PHE)]比值＞0.1或该比值＜0.1来判断PAHs的来源是燃烧源还是石油源,研究区88%鱼体内ANT/(ANT+PHE)＞0.1,表明PAHs来源于化石燃料燃烧。风险评价结果显示,鱼体内OCPs和PCBs生态风险低。     

四川省西溪河地洛水电工程区“7.31”泥石流灾害

2009-07-31,四川省凉山彝族自治州西溪河流域金阳县地洛电站施工区暴发泥石流,造成9人死亡、施工道路及设施损毁.通过现场调查和分析认为,"7.31"泥石流是一场高容重低粘度坡面型泥石质泥石流,强降雨是此次泥石流形成的激发条件,工程弃渣是其形成的物质基础和条件,过沟公路未合理设置排水涵洞,路基被毁,沿途大量物质补给是泥石流形成的促进因素."7.31"泥石流隐蔽性强,人们对其危害范围认识不足,防灾意识薄弱,监测预警不到位,是造成人员伤亡与财产损失的重要因素.结合西溪河流域水电开发的现状,针对性地提出了规范人类工程活动,提高防灾意识,加强地质灾害的监测预警等防治对策,建议进一步加强中小水电工程施工的监管力度,切实落实灾害危险性评估与防灾措施,最大限度地减少人为地质灾害.     

内蒙古西部额济纳旗及邻区上石炭统—下二叠统阿木山组火山岩的地球化学特征

分析了上石炭统小独山阶—下二叠统紫松阶阿木山组玄武岩地球化学特征,对玄武岩类型、岩石特征、构造环境等进行了探讨,结合前人的研究成果,阐述了石炭纪—二叠纪盆地的基本性质。Zr/TiO2-Nb/Y、SiO2-TFeO/MgO和Zr-Y-Nb图解显示,玄武岩类型主要为亚碱性的拉斑玄武岩;稀土元素球粒陨石配分模式为右倾曲线,(La/Yb）N值较高,轻重稀土元素分馏较强,(Gd/Lu）N值相对较低,重稀土元素分馏较弱,δEu在0.87~1.11之间,无明显Eu异常;N-MORB标准化的微量元素蛛网图显示,K2O、Rb、Ba、Th等不相容元素富集,Hf、Nb、Y等亏损。Zr-Zr/Y和Ta/Hf-Th/Hf构造环境图解表明,该玄武岩产于陆内裂谷,指示晚石炭世—早二叠世额济纳旗及其邻区已进入了陆内演化阶段,为拉张作用下的陆内裂谷（裂陷）盆地。     

Extreme rainfall characteristics for surface slope stability in the Malaysian Peninsular

This paper discusses the results of an investigation on the influence of rainfall intensity and duration on the suction distribution within a soil mass. A series of numerical analyses were conducted on an infinite slope model to simulate the responses of the slope consisting of typical soil types to various rainfall intensities and durations from selected locations in the Malaysian Peninsular. The study showed that the critical duration was governed by three major factors: the saturated permeability of the soil, the geographical location, and the depth of the slip plane. The critical rainfall duration for highly permeable soil was 1 day, while 30 days of antecedent rainfall were required for the stability analysis of a slope made of soil with low saturated permeability. The critical duration of antecedent rainfall in soils with intermediate saturated permeability was found to vary with the rainfall pattern. A chart is proposed to determine the critical duration, critical intensity and critical suction for each type of soil.     

粉煤灰浸出特性试验研究

利用浸出试验方法,对火电厂粉煤灰进行浸出特性的测定,对其有害特性进行鉴别并分析其浸出规律,从而为地下水受粉煤灰排水影响后的水质预测、堆灰场选址、环境影响评价提供依据.     

福建泰宁长兴金矿床地质特征及成因探讨

长兴金矿床主要产于长兴岩体钾长混合花岗岩及其外接触带交溪组变质岩中,矿体受断裂(裂隙带)控制,呈透镜状、不规则脉状分布,综合分析认为交溪组变质岩为初始矿源层,加里东期混合岩化使金在有利构造部位形成初步富集,印支晚期-燕山早期构造-岩浆热液叠加成矿,矿床成因类型为中温热液充填交代型金矿床,其工业类型为破碎带蚀变岩型金矿床。     

老柞山金矿田鸡爪沟金矿床地质特征及成因探讨

分析了鸡爪沟金矿床地质特征和成因 ,并对形成过程进行理论推导 ,认为该矿床为与火山作用有关的中温岩浆热液充填型矿床。     

A note on the effects of a thin visco-elastic mud layer on small amplitude water-wave propagation

In this note we investigated the effects of a thin visco-elastic mud layer on wave propagation. Within the framework of linear water-wave theory, analytical solutions are obtained for damping rate, dispersion relation between wave frequency and wave number, and velocity components in the water column and mud layer. The wave attenuation rate reaches a maximum value when the mud layer thickness is about the same as the mud boundary layer thickness. Heavier mud has a weaker effect on the wave damping. However, the wave attenuation rate does not always decrease as the elastic shear modulus increases. In the range of small values for elastic shear modulus, the wave attenuation can be amplified quite significantly. The current solutions are compared with experimental data with different wave conditions and mud properties. In general, good agreements are observed.     

内蒙古自治区主要城市空气质量状况分析

文章利用呼和浩特市、包头市、乌海市、赤峰市、东胜区2007年1月1日到2011年12月31日5a空气主要污染物SO2、NO2、PM10浓度资料,统计分析了各城区主要污染物的分布特征,得到:⑴总体来看,乌海市空气质量较差,其次是包头市,东胜区最好;⑵PM10浓度值变化幅度最大,日最大值均出现在3—5月的沙尘日中,SO2最大值都出现在冬季采暖期;⑶各地均是12月出现污染日数最多,其次是1月;⑷从2007年开始,空气质量状况逐年好转。     

河南槐树庄金矿地质特征及矿床成因

槐树庄金矿位于华北板块南缘与秦岭造山带接合部位，其成矿作用与构造和热液有关。通过对其矿床地质特征、同位素地质特征、成矿温度及矿床成因等方面的研究，认为其成矿物质来源为熊耳群火山岩，成因类型属于中低温构造蚀变岩型金矿床。