超声弹性应变率值在鉴别乳腺炎与乳腺癌中的应用分析

目的：探讨超声弹性应变率值在乳腺炎与乳腺癌患者中的鉴别及应用效果。方法：选择2015年6月至2017年10月入院治疗的乳腺癌患者48例和乳腺炎患者50例,分别设乳腺炎组和乳腺癌组。两组入院后均采用日立图腾彩超诊断仪对患者进行诊断,检查时患者先行常规二维超声检查,然后对患者进行弹性图像检查,选择感兴趣区域,采用系统软件计算出弹性应变率比值,绘制ROC曲线,分析超声弹性应变率值在乳腺炎与乳腺癌患者中的诊断、鉴别效能。结果：乳腺癌与乳腺炎患者均经过病理检查得到确诊,乳腺癌类型中排在前两位为浸润性导管癌、导管内癌,分别占68.75%和16.67%;乳腺炎排在前两位为导管壁增厚,周围伴有炎细胞浸润和导管壁结构破坏伴结核样肉芽肿,分别占36.0%和34.0%;乳腺炎组与乳腺癌组均顺利完成弹性图像检查,乳腺癌组超声弹性应变率值,高于乳腺炎组（P<0.05）;ROC曲线结果表明,超声弹性应变率ROC曲线下面积为0.935,诊断乳腺炎、乳腺癌敏感度、特异度及准确度分别为93.1%、90.2%和85.7%。结论：将超声弹性应变率值用于乳腺癌和乳腺炎鉴别中效果理想,能获得较高的诊断效能,能为临床治疗提供依据和参考,值得推广应用。     

鲤疱疹病毒2型(CyHV-2)灭活疫苗制备及其免疫效力测定

鲫造血器官坏死病是由鲤疱疹病毒2型(CyHV-2)引起的危害我国养殖鲫鱼(Carassius auratus)最严重的病毒性疾病。为制备有效预防鲫造血器官坏死病的灭活疫苗,以CyHV-2代表流行株CNDF-TB2015为疫苗株,以CSC细胞系进行病毒增殖,并采用不同浓度的病毒对不同规格鲫鱼进行攻毒,建立攻毒模型。结果表明,培养的病毒滴度达10¹⁰ TCID₅₀/mL,以4×10⁷TCID₅₀/尾的剂量腹腔注射感染体重300 g的鲫鱼可造成100%的死亡率。对病毒灭活剂甲醛、β-丙内酯和BEI灭活条件进行筛选优化,对疫苗免疫佐剂763A、IMS1312、铝胶和M402进行筛选,结果表明,浓度为10^8.3 TCID₅₀/mL的病毒液最佳灭活条件为终浓度10 mmol/L的BEI 37 ℃灭活72 h,疫苗制备最佳佐剂为水佐剂IMS1312。对灭活疫苗的最小免疫剂量、最佳免疫剂量和有效免疫产生期进行测定,结果表明,要获得70%以上保护率的最小免疫剂量为8×10⁶ TCID₅₀/尾,最佳免疫剂量为4×10⁷ TCID₅₀/尾,在免疫4周后保护率可达80%, 5周后保护率达到100%。制备的灭活疫苗为鲫造血器官坏死病的免疫预防提供了有力手段,也为其他水产动物病毒灭活疫苗的制备提供了借鉴。     

山东黄河下游区域生态地球化学评价方法技术探讨

山东黄河下游区域生态地球化学评价是以多目标区域地球化学调查资料为基础,在5．3万km^2范围内按一定的采样密度采集大气干湿沉降、化肥、大宗农作物（小麦、玉米的籽实、茎叶和根系土）样品,分析As,Cd等重金属元素和N,B等有益营养元素含量,研究元素在农业生态系统中的输入、输出通量,进行农业生态系统评价。采集济南、济宁2城市冶金尘、燃煤尘、建筑尘、汽车尾气尘等不同端元组分样品和大气干湿沉降、城市降尘、城市表层土壤样品,进行As,Cd等重金属元素含量及降尘铅同位素组成、粒径和物相分析,研究2城市各类污染物对城市大气和土壤排放量、排放比例和污染程度,评价其对城市生态环境影响。采集黄河、徒骇河、小清河等人海河流的悬浮物、水体、底泥及河流入海口处2m深柱状样品,分析As,Cd等重金属元素含量,对典型柱状样进行^210Pb和^137Cs定年,研究重金属元素随时间的变化规律,获取底积物年沉积速率,分析陆源物质对浅海沉积环境变迁的影响,对浅海生态环境安全性进行预警。     

区域政策项目评价的基本问题与分析框架

区域政策评价是区域政策程序中的一个重要环节,但目前对有关的基本问题尚缺乏统一的认识,区域政策项目评价十分不规范。文章将分析区域政策评价的内涵、特点与作用,从区域政策干预逻辑的角度讨论区域政策效应评价的重要基本概念以及这些概念之间的关系,并在此基础上进一步讨论反映区域政策效应与效益的指标。作者认为,科学地确定区域政策评价的范围与内容,是统筹区域发展的必然要求。是完善中国区域政策的一个不可或缺的重要内容之一。     

Application of entropy analysis of in situ droplet-size spectra in evaluation of oil chemical dispersion efficacy

In situ droplet-size distributions were measured using a laser in situ scattering and transmissiometry (LISST-100X) particle size analyzer during the evaluation of natural and chemical dispersion efficiency of crude oils under different wave and current conditions. An entropy grouping of the in situ dispersed oil droplet-size spectra has classified the multi-modal droplet-size distributions into different groups based on similar droplet-size spectra characteristics within groups and distinction between groups. A generalized linear logistic regression model was fitted to analyze the effects of a number of factors and their interactions on the grouping of oil droplet-size spectra. The grouped results corresponded to the oil dispersion efficiency at different levels. This new method for droplet-size distribution data analysis can have significant implication in field evaluation of natural and chemical dispersion efficiency of oil.     

Method for generating parameterized ecotoxicity data of dispersed oil for use in environmental modelling

The aim of the work was to establish methodology for realistic laboratory-based test exposures of organisms to oil dispersions, specifically designed to generate parameterized toxicity data. Such data are needed to improve the value of numerical models used to predict fate and effects of oil spills and different oil spill responses. A method for continuous and predictable in-line production of oil dispersions with defined size distribution of different oil qualities was successfully established. The system enables simultaneous comparison between the effects of different concentrations of dispersion and their corresponding equilibrium water soluble fractions. Thus, net effects of the oil droplet fraction may be estimated. The method provides data for comparing the toxicity of oil dispersions generated both mechanically and with the use of chemical dispersions, incorporating the toxicity of both dissolved oil and droplets of oil.     

溢油分散剂的乳化效果及油滴粒径分布影响因素的研究

以GM-2型溢油分散剂和微普紧急泄漏处理液为研究对象,探究不同条件下其处理120#燃料油的乳化效果及对油滴粒径分布的影响。结果表明,提高温度、分散剂与燃料油配比(DOR)以及加强波浪作用均可显著提高溢油分散剂的乳化效果,油滴粒径更小,分布更集中,且液面下较浅处的乳化液浓度较大。GM-2型分散剂乳化效果优于微普分散剂。当温度为25℃,DOR为30%,推波频率为1次/s时,GM乳化效果达到最佳,油滴平均粒径为5.62?m。     

The use of chemical dispersants to combat oil spills at sea: A review of practice and research needs in Europe

In order to better understand the practice of dispersant use, a review has been undertaken of marine oil spills over a 10 year period (1995-2005), looking in particular at variations between different regions and oil-types. This viewpoint presents and analyses the review data and examines a range of dispersant use policies. The paper also discusses the need for a reasoned approach to dispersant use and introduces past cases and studies to highlight lessons learned over the past ten years, focussing on dispersant effectiveness and monitoring; toxicity and environmental effects; the use of dispersants in low salinity waters; response planning and future research needs.     

Biodegradation of dispersed marine fuel oil in sediment under engineered pre-spill application strategy

Biodegradation of marine fuel oil was studied by monitoring changes in residual oil and populations of microorganisms in marine sediments. Biodegradation rates for dispersant and soap water were 2.09 and 2.27 g/kg per day, respectively, under pre-application strategy, suggesting that the strategy may promote MFO dispersion and provide with sufficient source of food. The effect of temperature on the effectiveness of pre-application strategy is particularly obvious for the growth of fungi and Pseudomonas maltophilia. The effect of pre-application of soap water on the tolerance of aerobic bacteria, Escherichia coli, and P. maltophilia, was gradually diminished within 25–33 days.