江汉平原渍涝灾害遥感的初步研究

提出了采用遥感技术与地理信息系统结合研究渍涝灾害的方案,其内容包括:(1)信息源选择与信息处理1(2)清访机理与灾情分析;(3)灾情预报与防治决策.讨论了实施技术系统的基本功能:(1)图像与数据处理1(2)基本信息的提取与分析,(3)损失分析模型与预报模型.作为本方案论证的一部分,还介绍了笔者近期在这一领域中的部分研究成果.     

浙江台风（热带风暴）灾害的若干特点

对１９４９－１９９２年的气象、水文和灾害资料分析，浙江台风灾害具有以下几个特点：１．登陆或严重影响浙江的台风日期与天文大潮期相遇机率高，沿海地区潮灾严重；２．台风大风是浙江沿海城市台风灾害危害的主因之一，且其危害具有连锁反应倾向；３．台风灾害对浙江农业的危害一般是直接和继发性灾害叠加而成的；４．台风灾害区的地理分布具有明显的山脉走向性；５．台风重灾年在年际分布上具有阶段性。     

全球增暖下我国旱涝灾害可能情景的初步研究

在全球变暖的情况下,我国东南沿海、西南、西北、内蒙古和东北部分地区,洪涝灾害可能增加;而黄河中游以南和华北平原干旱可能增加.这一变化特征与本世纪暖期降水分布变化,以及与CO_2倍增情况下气候模似结果基本一致.     

浙江台风(热带风暴)灾害的若干特点

对1949-1992年的气象、水文和灾害资料分析,浙江台风灾害具有以下几个特点:1.登陆或严重影响浙江的台风日期与天文大潮期相遇机率高,沿海地区潮灾严重;2.台风大风是浙江沿海城市台风灾害危害的主因之一,且其危害具有连锁反应倾向;3.台风灾害对浙江农业的危害一般是直接和继发性灾害叠加而成的;4.台风灾害区的地理分布具有明显的山脉走向性;5.台风重灾年在年际分布上具有阶段性.     

开展灾害学研究 保障人类生存与发展

灾害是人类面临的最严重的威胁。本文简要列述了各类灾害对国民经济建设和人类生存的危害性,论述了灾害的分类和体系特征,探讨了灾害形成的科学机理,强调了开展多学科、大体系研究的重要意义。同时结合国土环境遥感调查,提出了开展灾害学研究、监测防御、减灾抗祸的对策和建议,以期发挥现代地球科学理论与遥感技术的潜力,为促进灾害学的研究、保障人类更好地生存与发展作出贡献。     

论减轻自然灾害工作

本文概述自然灾害的各类及其危害性，分析自然灾害的共同特点，讨论减轻灾害的意义，文中指出提高防灾意识，加强灾害预防预报，制定减灾计划，建立减灾工作体系，开展群众防灾教育和培养专业及业余防灾人员是当前减灾工作的主要任务。     

石渠5．1级地震与德格5．0级地震灾害对比

本文根据现场调查资料描述了四川省相邻的两县石渠县和德格县分别发生的Ｍｓ５．１和５．０级地震的灾害情况，并对这两次地震的灾害特征和灾害环境等作了对比。虽然这两次地震的震级相近，宏观震中仅相距约１３０ｋｍ（直线距离），但地震所造成的经济损失和社会影响却相差较大。导致这种灾害明显差异的原因主要是先前的冻胀灾害和自然地理环境以及建筑物场地条件的不同。     

Estimation of soil loss at a regional scale based on plot measurements—some critical considerations

The paper is prompted by apparent deficiencies in the design of plot studies in regional erosion surveys. The principal shortcomings of observational erosion research have been poor sampling design and inadequate analyses of data. The paper identifies various sources of bias which must be taken into account before plot data can be extrapolated to land units in a regional survey. Judging from soil loss data of a case-study in the Ardèche rangelands one may conclude that even accurate plot measurements can still be rather a rough basis for regional erosion assessment. Finally, the paper highlights strategies that might be used to improve erosion sampling.     

Surface runoff and sediment yield in the Ardèche rangelands

This paper presents a case study of runoff and sediment generation under Submediterranean rangeland conditions (Ardèche drainage basin, France). Measurements indicate that on a rough hillslope interrill runoff and sediment are not produced uniformly over the slope surface. It is observed that runoff concentrates immediately in non-permanent interrill flow paths, which under average storm conditions vary in length from 1.0 to 12.5 m. Long interrill flow paths may eventually become permanent. These permanent flow paths, called pre-rills, are introduced as a new source area, and are considered to be the initial stage in the development of rills. Along pre-rills considerable quantities of runoff and sediment are carried away. This study also shows that calculations based on interrill, pre-rill, and rill runoff will only have significance if storm and soil conditions are specified in detail. It is concluded from a correlation analysis between the runoff volume and the amount of soil loss on a storm-by-storm basis that the runoff volume alone cannot explain the amount of sediment that is generated in each source area; soil availability is an additional factor that must be taken into account.     

浅谈“3S”技术在防灾减灾中的应用

通过描述传统测绘地形图在防灾减灾中的特殊作用及局限性,进而介绍了现代测绘高科技“3S”技术在灾害防治中的应用前景及其优越性。