SAR影像中叠掩与阴影区域的识别 ——以湖北巴东为例

SAR影像中叠掩和阴影区域的识别是滑坡监测中的首要工作,本文针对这一工作利用雷达卫星成像时的几何模型与图像处理中形态学方法综合识别叠掩与阴影区域,以ALOS-2数据为例,对比该地区雷达强度图像,验证了本文试验方法的可靠性。     

An improved building detection approach using L-band POLSAR two-dimensional time-frequency decomposition over oriented built-up areas

The objective of this study is to efficiently extract detailed information about various man-made targets in oriented built-up areas using polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (POLSAR) images. This paper develops an improved approach for building detection by utilizing Two-Dimensional Time-Frequency (2-D TF) decomposition. This method performs outstandingly in distinguishing between man-made and natural targets based on the isotropic behaviors, frequency-sensitive responses, and scattering mechanisms of objects. The proposed method can preserve the spatial resolution and exploit the advantages of TF decomposition; specifically, the exact outlines of buildings can be effectively located, and more types of features (e.g., flat roofs, roads, and walls that are oblique to the radar illumination) can be distinguished from forests in complex built-up areas by 2-D TF decomposition. The coarser-resolution subaperture images that are produced in the azimuth direction, which correspond to different looking angles, are beneficial for detecting man-made structures with main scattering centers oriented at oblique angles with respect to the radar illumination. In the range direction, the obtained subaperture images, which correspond to various observation frequencies, can be helpful in distinguishing flat roofs and roads from forests. This method was successfully implemented to analyze both NASA/JPL L-band AIRSAR and L-band EMISAR data sets. The building detection results of the proposed method exhibit a significant improvement over those of other methods and reach an overall accuracy over 80%, with approximately 20% higher than the accuracies of K-means clustering and the entropy/alpha-Wishart classifier and approximately 10% higher than the accuracy of the support vector machine method. Moreover, building details can be precisely detected, obliquely oriented buildings can be identified, and the distinction between buildings and forests is significantly improved, as both visually and statistically indicated. This method is highly adaptable and has substantial application value.     

Sentinel-1A SAR影像及其在矿区地面沉降监测中的应用研究

详细介绍了Sentinel-1A SAR影像数据的基本参数、工作模式、应用领域等。利用2016.11.09—2017.03.09的5景Sentinel-1A C波段SAR影像数据进行矿区地面沉降监测试验。基于SARscape利用双轨D-In SAR技术进行差分干涉处理,得到了研究区地面沉降分布图,直观地再现了研究区在2016.11.09—2017.03.09的沉降分布、沉降量级等。结果表明济宁某矿区在监测期间地面相对稳定,未有大面积和大量级的地面沉降发生,4个干涉对监测到的最大沉降都未超过3 cm。     

基于GAMMA的D-InSAR技术在矿区地面沉降监测中的应用

详细介绍了专业的雷达数据处理软件GAMMA和基于GAMMA的双轨D-InSAR数据处理流程;对济宁地区真实L波段的ALOS PALSAR数据进行了双轨D-InSAR处理,完成了从干涉数据的读取到形变图生成的整个流程,并生成了一系列清晰的结果图;结合GIS软件得到研究区的沉降位置、分布和沉降量等信息。研究表明:利用GAMMA软件可以对雷达影像进行双轨D-InSAR处理,得到清晰的中间结果图;双轨D-InSAR可以对矿区进行地面沉降监测,进而掌握由于煤矿开采引起的地面沉降分布和沉降程度,为煤矿区的合理开采和可持续发展提供一定的理论依据。     

地基干涉雷达IBIS-S桥跨结构振动变形测量与模态分析

地基雷达干涉测量技术能够以较高的时空采样频率获取线性结构目标整体瞬时变形状态。本文将该技术引入大型桥梁桥跨结构的振动变形测量与模态分析中。对动静载试验过程中的武汉二七长江大桥东岸桥跨结构开展连续变形监测,利用频域分解法计算桥跨结构的自振频率、阻尼比和模态振型。计算结果表明,地基干涉雷达干涉测量技术能够快速探测桥跨结构竖弯模态,特别适用于灾后大型线形结构健康状态的应急检测。     

雷达遥感六十年：四个阶段的发展

雷达遥感问世60年来已经历了4个阶段的发展,其在对地观测中的作用正日益凸显,已经广泛应用于不同领域。4个阶段分别是单波段单极化阶段,多波段多极化阶段,极化和干涉阶段,以及以双/多站或星座、高时序高分宽幅、3维成像为代表的新阶段。本文结合作者长期在雷达遥感领域的研究经历,总结和回顾了雷达遥感的阶段发展和具有里程碑式的代表性技术;从观测技术、数据处理和应用角度阐述了新阶段雷达遥感的发展趋势,以及雷达遥感与人工智能和大数据结合的思考;最后着眼未来,介绍了月基雷达对地观测平台的前瞻性研究。     

SAR image despeckling with a multilayer perceptron neural network

Speckle noise in synthetic-aperture radar (SAR) images severely hinders remote sensing applications; therefore, the appropriate removal of speckle noise is crucial. This paper elaborates on the multilayer perceptron (MLP) neural-network model for SAR image despeckling by using a time series of SAR images. Unlike other filtering methods that use only a single radar intensity image to derive their parameters and filter that single image, this method can be trained using archived images over an area of interest to self-learn the intensity characteristics of image patches and then adaptively determine the weights and thresholds by using a neural network for image despeckling. Several hidden layers are designed for feedforward network training, and back-propagation stochastic gradient descent is adopted to reduce the error between the target output and neural-network output. The parameters in the network are automatically updated in the training process. The greatest advantage of MLP is that once the despeckling parameters are determined, they can be used to process not only new images in the same area but also images in completely different locations. Tests with images from TerraSAR-X in selected areas indicated that MLP shows satisfactory performance with respect to noise reduction and edge preservation. The overall image quality obtained using MLP was markedly higher than that obtained using numerous other filters. In comparison with other recently developed filters, this method yields a slightly higher image quality, and it demonstrates the powerful capabilities of computer learning using SAR images, which indicate the promising prospect of applying MLP to SAR image despeckling.     

西太平洋台风对上海地区钻孔应变的低频扰动特征分析

基于上海佘山台四分量钻孔应变仪在6次西太平洋台风期间的观测记录,利用小波分解、优势振动方向等处理方法提取出台风所激发的显著低频扰动信号,并详细分析扰动信号在时频域及空间域的表现特性.结果显示:在低频区间,台风激发的扰动信号优势周期为2～4 min,信号能量随台风进程而变化,并主要与台风量级、台风中心的位置(海上或陆域)...     

雷达-雨量计联合估测区域降水量方法研究Ⅰ——模式集成法的提出

天气雷达估测区域降水量是其应用研究的重要领域,不断研究改进雷达估测区域降水量精度和稳定度是雷达气象工作的重要目标。文章回顾了集合预报理论基础及其发展概况,总结分析集合预报方法、产品表现形式等。对前期雷达估测区域降水量的8种方法,从基本原理和特点等方面进行了系统分析。对该理论在雷达估测区域降水领域的适用性进行了分析,阐述了集合预报理论在该领域应用的概念模型,并提出了两种集成估测区域降水量的新方法,为下一步的应用研究提供了理论支撑。     

五台山站历史气候资料的均一性分析

介绍了新一代天气雷达实时监测系统的结构模式和功能,通过TCP/IP通信协议的论述、天气雷达信息量和占用信道带宽的估算,证明基于宽带网络系统通信设计的可行性.同时详细分析了CINRAD/SA天气雷达实时监测信息的结构和存放特点,系统地描述天气雷达监测信息获取、传送和入库的方法,并重点介绍如何编制传输和入库软件,利用TCP/IP两种基本协议(TCP和UDP)以及ADO数据库编程技术,在现有的宽带网络基础上,对天气雷达运行状况实现远程实时监测.