3维场景植被冠层多波段模拟研究进展

植被冠层辐射散射信号中蕴含了丰富的植被信息,通过构建植被冠层辐射散射模型,可以实现植被结构等生物物理参数的遥感定量反演。迄今为止,可见光/近红外、热红外、微波波段均已发展了大量的模型,这些模型在参数反演方面各具优势,但不同波段的模型又有其自身的局限性。跨波段的联合模拟可以实现模型间的优势互补,进而提高地表参数的反演精度,近年来已有学者专注于可见光/近红外与热红外模型,热红外与微波模型,主被动微波模型,以及可见光/近红外与微波模型的联合模拟和协同反演,但多是两两联合,且主要是基于经验模型或解析模型。基于3维场景的植被冠层辐射散射特性模拟模型可以细致刻画不同组分的结构和空间分布特征,对于由植被结构引起的多次散射和组分比例变化的考虑具有优势。本文主要介绍了3维模拟模型在可见光/近红外、热红外和微波波段,以及跨波段联合模拟方面的研究进展,从模型机理、场景统一、以及组分理化参数的统一的角度,探讨了构建多波段3维模拟系统的可行性,展望了多波段3维模拟模型的发展趋势。     

基于互联网信息的城市商业游憩网点空间竞争域划分研究

提出了一种基于互联网信息的空间竞争域划分方法。在Voronoi图的模型中尝试以网络平台数据作加权因子,使空间竞争域体现互联网中的消费者偏好差异,通过对加权Voronoi图的类型划分和地理学解释,描述竞争环境的空间特征。以北京市健身俱乐部为例,选择大众点评网、爱帮等网络平台信息作为权重因子,构建样本网点的传统Voronoi、互联网信息加权Voronoi计算模型并对比边界线、面积等空间特征分析的结果表明:互联网信息对城市商业游憩网点的空间竞争力产生着不同的影响强度,对Voronoi图空间特征的分类和地理解释可以指示商业网点跨越距离阻碍的消费吸引力及竞争差异,弥补传统加权方法未考虑消费者偏好和购物习惯而对竞争域划分表达不足的缺点。     

中波红外图像条纹处理方法

卫星搭载的有效载荷在进行在轨对地观测过程中,受仪器本身特性和地球固有特性因素的影响,在图像上会产生多种观测失准和干扰现象。如图像旋转现象,蝴蝶结效应以及探元非均匀性条纹现象等。针对这类可以预见到的冗余和条纹,对仪器设计优化以及借助卫星星历轨道等辅助数据和成熟的图像处理算法可以对其实现有效地恢复。仪器在轨运行期间新引入的周期性或非周期性干扰,则需综合运用多种数据来源和关于干扰产生原理的先验知识,并结合图像处理手段实现图像恢复,同时保存原有辐射信息的真实性,为定量研究提供高质量可靠的数据准备。本研究针对某卫星中波红外图像干扰条纹,利用星上定标数据,并通过条纹现象分析和产生机理分析,探索了一种新的基于空域信号补偿原理的图像干扰条纹处理算法,通过大量图像数据处理实践证明,该算法对图像质量改善明显,且在动态范围和辐射信息保存方面优于传统频域滤波算法。     

基于变换域方法抑制线性调频干扰的GPS接收机设计

GPS接收机的信号通常很微弱,很容易受到有意或无意的干扰。对于线性调频干扰,在GPS接收机中很难用单一的时域或频域方法消除,因为线性调频干扰不同于一般的宽带或窄带干扰。另外线性调频干扰在变换域有不同于GPS C/A码的显著特征,基于此特点设计了一种在变换域抑制线性调频干扰的GPS接收机。分析了线性调频干扰在变换域的特征,仿真结果验证了这种设计方法的可行性。     

有限区域流函数和速度势的3种求解方法在分析台风Bilis暴雨增幅中的比较研究

将有限区域流函数、速度势求解中常用的两种张驰法(即理查逊法和加速利布曼法)与调和—余弦谱展开法(H-C法)进行了比较,理论研究表明:H-C法单独考虑边界影响分量,物理意义明确,且不会丢失边界上的天气系统;从计算上看,H-C法重建的风场能精确还原原始风场,且计算效率明显高于两种张驰法,即收敛更快。通过在台风Bilis(0604)暴雨增幅过程诊断中的应用发现,常用的两种张驰迭代方法在求解有限区域流函数和速度势的问题上效果都不是很好,即:用理查逊法和加速利布曼法计算的流函数和速度势重建的风场与原始风场差别较大,不能准确还原原始风场;用H-C法不仅计算效率高,还原的风场与原始风场差异极小,且不受南边界较强的西南季风涌影响,在暴雨增幅前期能较好地反映与暴雨增幅相关的强辐合信号。因此,可用H-C法计算得到的无辐散风和无旋风对有限区域的天气系统进行更深入的动力结构分析。     

RIEMS2.0不同模拟区域模拟中国北方多年气候平均态比较

Regional Integrated Environment Modeling System Version 2.0 （RIEMS2.0） is now being developed by the Key Laboratory of Regional Climate-Environment for Temperate East Asia, Chinese Academy of Sciences. In order to test the sensitivity of the RIEMS2.0 model domain to simulate long-term climate and its change, and provide a basis for the further development and application of the model, the authors compared results between simulated and observed precipitation and surface-airtemperature using two model domains under different cumulus parameterization schemes. The model was driven by NCEP/NCAR re-analysis data with a simulation duration ranging from 1 January 1979 to 31 December 2007. There were no significant differences found in the spatial distributions of the simulated precipitation and surface-air-temperature, or interannual variations between the two model domains. There were, however, differences observed between the two model domain simulations of local sub-regions. The smaller model domain more accurately simulated precipitation, especially in summer （June, July, and August）, and decreased the bias of surface-airtemperature, especially in winter （December, January, and February）. The weak summer and winter monsoons simulated by the smaller model domain was a result of boundary forcings and may partially account for the improvements of this model.     

A straightforward approach for using single time domain simulations to assess characteristic extreme responses

Short-term wave design approach of marine structures, using nonlinear time domain simulations, is a design procedure that is recognized by various modern standard codes. One of the most challenging points of this approach is the evaluation of the characteristic extreme values for response parameters used in the design check equations. The most straightforward and recommended way to evaluate a response characteristic value is by fitting an extreme value probability distribution to the N-sample of extreme values extracted from N independent time domain simulations with duration equal to the short-term period indicated by the code, which is usually taken as 3 h. However, this procedure would not be practical for some types of marine structures, such as risers and mooring lines, under numerous design load cases and demanding huge finite element models. A more feasible approach would be to assess the response extreme value distribution using only a single short-term time domain simulation with duration shorter than 3 h. But reduced time simulations always introduce some additional statistical uncertainty into the extreme values estimates. This paper discusses a workable way of properly taking into account the statistical uncertainty associated with the simulation length in the assessment of a characteristic short-term extreme response value based on a single time series.     

二维圆柱坐标下FDTD法对多频电磁波测井的数值模拟

在介质围绕Z轴旋转对称的情况下,三维直角坐标下的麦克斯韦方程可变成两组分别对应TM波和TE波的二维柱坐标下的偏微分方程.采用线圈作为电磁波测井的发射器和接收器的时候,可采用TE波对应的方程,这时相当于磁极子的情况.而采用电偶极子作为发射和接收器的时候,则对应TM波的方程.采用时间和空间均为二阶精确的有限差分方法,将偏微分方程进行差分化.这样,空间的电磁场可由时间域有限差分法(FDTD)来求解.     

煤体静载破坏中低频磁场变化特征及产生机制研究

为了研究煤体静载破坏中低频磁场变化特征及其产生机制,进一步完善煤矿动力灾害监测预警技术,通过室内试验、现场试验研究了煤体静载破坏中低频磁场时、频谱特征,并结合微震信号提出了低频磁信号的产生机制。结果表明：煤体静载破坏中所产生低频磁场信号强度为19～156 nT,信号最大幅值、能量与试样强度、加载速度均呈正相关关系。垂直于裂纹扩展面磁场最强,平行于裂纹扩展面磁场最弱。并结果微震信号提出了低频磁场产生机制。低频磁场与微震信号具有时、频域同步性,带电裂纹面随微震信号同频振荡为低频磁场产生机制。现场放炮破煤低频磁信号由簇状脉冲信号及小幅震荡信号组成,其中簇状脉冲成分产生于炮后振动波带动带电壁面的同频振动,而小幅震荡成分是巷帮煤壁趋向新应力平衡状态时发生的横向拉伸破坏及带电煤碎屑运移、摩擦及转动的结果。     

Adaptive analysis of infinite beams dynamics problems using the periodic configuration update method in the time domain

This paper proposes a new approach for the assessment of the dynamic response of continuously supported infinite beams under high‐speed moving loads. A change in the representation of equations of motion in the dynamics of discrete structures is proposed to obtain an improved accuracy of the numerical integration in the time domain. The proposed numerical method called the “periodic configuration update” or “PCU method” is applied to solve the problem of a vertical moving harmonic load on an infinite classical Euler‐Bernoulli beam resting on a continuous viscoelastic foundation. This study shows the superiority of the proposed method in comparison with other methods presented in the literature that suffer from the material time derivative, i.e., convective terms, that arises from the Galilean transformation. To confront this numerical problem, the PCU method retains the principle of the spatial follow of loads while zeroing the relative velocity with the traversed beam via a step‐by‐step adaptive integration of the equation of structural dynamics. The dynamic load is modeled with high theoretical velocities that can reach the critical velocity of the studied beam with different angular frequencies belonging to moderate frequency range. A parametric study is carried out to analyze the influence of key parameters on the convergence. The obtained results show a high efficiency of the PCU method for solving these types of problems relative to the dynamics of high speed trains/tracks.