Measurement of the Dielectric Properties of Volcanic Scoria and Basalt at 9370 MHz

Dielectric data for volcanic scoria and basalt on the earth at microwave frequency are extremely sparse, and also crucial for volcanic terrains imaging, and development. In consideration of their similarity to lunar regolith (soils and rocks) in chemical and mineral composition, the dielectric data is significative for passive and active microwave remote sensing on the Moon. This study provides the data about the dielectric properties of three kinds of scoria and two kinds of basalt in China. The method put forward in this paper is also applicable for measuring the dielectric properties of dry rocks and other granular ground materials with low complex dielectric constants. Firstly, the authors measured the ε‘ and tanδ values of strip specimens prepared from the mixture of scoria or basalt powder and polythene with the resonant cavity perturbation method at 9370 MHz. Secondly, from the ε‘ and tang values of the mixture, the ε‘s and tanδs values of sofid scoria and basalt were calculated using Lichtenecker‘s mixture formulae. Finally, the effective complex dielectric constants, ε‘e and tanδs, of scoria at different bulk densities were calculated. The results have shown that the ε‘s and tang svalues of all solid basaltic materials measured (both solid basaltic scoria or basalt) are approximately 7 and 0.05,respectively. With increasing bulk density of scoria, the ε‘s and tanδs values of scoria increase significantly.     

Dielectric relaxation in oil-bearing clayey rocks

The dielectric properties of the bentonite–oil–salt solution mixtures with different water and oil saturation were experimentally studied in the frequency range of 10 kHz to 4 GHz at 25–60 °C. It has been established that besides the region of the Debye water relaxation, there are two more relaxation regions resulting from the interfacial interaction of the mixture components in this frequency range. To describe the dielectric permittivity and equivalent conductivity of the mixture, a spectroscopic model taking into account the multifrequency relaxation is proposed. The dependence of the model parameters on the water saturation and temperatures of the samples has been determined. The experimental data are compared with the modeling results, and the error of prediction for the dielectric permittivity and conductivity of mixture is estimated using the proposed model.     

TM传感器在冻土水热研究中的适用性评价

通过测量土壤的介电常数来获得土壤体积含水量的方法一直以来被研究者们广泛使用。之前已有很多研究者对于TDR测量土壤体积含水量的方法进行了大量研究, 但是, 针对近年来广泛使用的5TM土壤水分传感器的研究却很少。一方面, 对于5TM土壤水分传感器在各类土中的测量精度几乎没有研究, 另一方面, 对负温条件下5TM土壤水分探头的适用性研究也不够明确。本研究基于5TM土壤水分传感器, 针对我国青藏高原红黏土、粉土、矿物微硅粉3种典型介质, 首先对常温下3种介质的介电常数与体积含水量的经验关系展开了研究, 重新修正了Topp式(1980), 确定了Ledieu关系式中的a、b值, 并提出了另外一种对数型的经验公式, 通过对各经验公式适用性的比较, 发现修正后的Topp形经验公式对于各类介质适用性最好, 其次, 通过与NMR法所测得的介质冻结过程中未冻水含量的变化进行比较, 得到了饱和红黏土冻结过程中的介电常数与体积含水量间的经验公式, 并分析评估了5TM土壤水分探头在冻土水热研究中的适用性。     

面板堆石坝的地质雷达检测

面板堆石坝以其建设周期短,投资少的优点而在为当今国际上一种较广泛的坝型。但其渗漏较严重是一个亟待解决的问题,我们采用地质雷达的方法,利用不同天线组合,以渗漏通道介电性质差异为目的进行探测,并追踪确定渗漏通道。实践证明,该方法能有效地确定渗漏部位和渗漏通道,该资料为堵漏和工程施工提供重要依据。     

Time domain reflectometry measurement principles and applications

Time domain reflectometry (TDR) is a highly accurate and automatable method for determination of porous media water content and electrical conductivity. Water content is inferred from the dielectric permittivity of the medium, whereas electrical conductivity is inferred from TDR signal attenuation. Empirical and dielectric mixing models are used to relate water content to measured dielectric permittivity. Clay and organic matter bind substantial amounts of water, such that measured bulk dielectric constant is reduced and the relationship with total water content requires individual calibration. A variety of TDR probe configurations provide users with site‐ and media‐specific options. Advances in TDR technology and in other dielectric methods offer the promise not only for less expensive and more accurate tools for electrical determination of water and solute contents, but also a host of other properties such as specific surface area, and retention properties of porous media. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

注浆材料介电常数在雷达图像识别中的应用

利用探地雷达(GPR)方法探测软土盾构隧道盾尾壁后注浆分布效果时,电磁波在介质中的传播速度是准确识别介质界面的关键。在估计波速时常常将介质的介电常数假设为固定不变的常数,这不符合实际情况。为保证探测图像识别的精度,首次利用网络分析仪对不同配比、不同探测频率和不同龄期下软土隧道壁后注浆材料的介电常数进行了测定,对测定结果进行了基于射线追踪原理的GPR数据二维正演分析,并将分析结果与模拟的探地雷达隧道壁后注浆分布探测结果进行了比较。结果表明,针对不同的探地雷达探测频率而采用相应的介质介电常数来进行探地雷达探测图像的准确识别是十分必要的。     

时间域跨孔雷达全波形反演及实际应用

通过对目标函数求导的方式详细推导了时间域全波形反演的梯度公式,并使用共轭梯度法同时迭代介电常数和电导率。将该方法应用到一组合成数据和实际数据中,合成数据结果表明全波形反演能够准确刻画地层结构,精确重建亚波长尺寸异常体的位置和参数信息。实际数据的反演结果证明全波形反演能够反映地层中的细微结构,提供高分辨率的反演结果,其波形比配结果也更准确。     

空间波与长试样法测量介电常数的结果与对照

用空间波法测量无限大半空间模拟介质板的复介电常数 ,包括金属板定标法与双极化法 ,测量中同时接收前向散射的振幅和相位 ,实验在X波段进行。该文的金属板定标法本质上是自由空间中的长试样法 ,并对它的原理和测试结果与波导长试样法作了比较与对照     

核壳结构C/TiO2复合材料的制备与微波吸收性能研究

以葡萄糖为碳源,用水热法成功制备了碳微球,再以Ti （SO₄）₂为钛源,制备了核壳结构的C/TiO₂复合微球.为提高材料介电损耗,将样品在N₂氛围中不同温度条件下进行了碳化.采用X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜和透射电子显微镜对样品的结构和形貌进行了表征,用矢量网络分析仪测试了样品在2~18 GHz范围的复介电常数,并计算其反射损耗.结果表明：碳微球具有较高的微波介电损耗;碳微球与TiO₂复合后,在相同层厚条件下,反射损耗峰向低频迁移;700℃和800℃碳化下的C和C/TiO₂复合材料具有优良的微波吸收性能,其中C-700复合材料最小反射损耗达到-41.2 dB,低于-10 dB的最大吸收带宽达到4.5 GHz,C/Ti-700复合材料的最小反射损耗为-30.0 dB,最大吸收带宽达4.2 GHz.