Study of the spatial and historical distribution of sediment inorganic contamination in the Toulon bay (France)

This study presents trace elements levels in surface and deep sediments of the Toulon bay (SE France) subjected to anthropogenic inputs (navy base, harbors, etc.). The studied elements (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, Zn) are defined as priority contaminants in aquatic systems. Fifty-five points scattered on the entire bay were sampled, allowing the determination of contaminants distribution with a high resolution. Several approaches were used to assess the degree of contamination and the potential toxicity of the Toulon bay sediments: comparison to the French legislation, surface-weighted average metal concentrations, enrichment factors (EF), geoaccumulation indices (Igeo), trace element stock calculation and comparison to sediment quality guidelines. A principal component analysis was performed to reveal common behavior of the studied contaminants. Results demonstrated the very high contamination of the small bay, especially in Hg (EF up to 1500), Cu, Pb and Zn, with export to the large bay further governed by hydrodynamics.     

A comparative study of the depth of maximum of simulated air shower longitudinal profiles

A comparative study of simulated air shower longitudinal profiles is presented. An appropriate thinning level for the calculations is first determined empirically. High statistics results are then provided, over a wide energy range (10^14.0–10^20.5 eV), for proton and iron primaries, using four combinations of the and program frameworks, and the SIBYLL and QGSjet high energy hadronic interaction models. These results are compared to existing experimental data. The way in which the first interaction controls X_max is investigated, as is the distribution of X_max.     

FY-3A/MERSI海上沙尘天气气溶胶光学厚度反演

利用FY-3A/MERSI资料,结合MODIS C005算法的海上气溶胶模型,研究了中国渤海、黄海以及东海海域沙尘天气气溶胶光学厚度反演方法。通过MERSI反演的气溶胶光学厚度与MODIS C005气溶胶光学厚度产品(MOD04)对比,发现MERSI气溶胶光学厚度反演结果存在较大偏差。分析认为,这种偏差是由MODIS C005算法的海上气溶胶模型对MERSI气溶胶光学厚度反演不完全适用造成的。鉴于此,本文研究引进了一种沙尘气溶胶模型,并将其与MODIS C005算法的粗粒子气溶胶模型按照一定比例混合,形成了改进的气溶胶模型。利用改进气溶胶模型再次反演海上沙尘天气气溶胶光学厚度,反演结果与MOD04一致性较好,说明改进气溶胶模型能有效地提高MERSI定量反演沙尘气溶胶的能力。     

云南马关扣哈锡、钨多金属矿成矿远景初探

矿区位于云南省东南部,老君山花岗岩北西侧接触带部位上,属南岭花岗岩系列.矿床严格受东西向构造破碎带控制,属典型中高温热液云英岩脉型锡钨矿床.     

Impacts of the wintertime mesozooplankton community to downward carbon flux in the subarctic and subtropical Pacific Oceans

We compared wintertime depth distributions of the mesozooplankton community and dominant copepods between the subtropical (S1) and subarctic (K2) Pacific Oceans to evaluate the relative importance of actively transported carbon by vertical migrants to sinking particulate organic carbon flux. Primary production was higher and the ratio of sinking particulate organic carbon flux to primary production was lower at S1 compared with those at K2. The mesozooplankton community was lower in abundance and biomass at S1 compared to K2. Copepods were the dominant group among both mesozooplankton abundance and biomass throughout the water column down to 1000 m at both sites. The depth distribution showed that diel vertical migration was obvious for the mesozooplankton abundance and biomass at S1 but was not apparent for the abundance at K2, because the dominant component was diurnally migrating species at S1 and overwintering species residing at mesopelagic depths at K2. The major components of diel migrants were copepods and euphausiids at S1 and only euphausiids at K2. Respiratory flux by the diurnally migrating mesozooplankton was estimated to be 2 mgC m⁻² day⁻¹ at S1 and 7 mgC m⁻² day⁻¹ at K2. The respiratory flux was equivalent to 131% of sedimentary fecal pellet flux at S1 and 136% of that at K2. Because pathways of downward carbon flux are facilitated by the mesozooplankton community, the actively transported carbon (respiration of dissolved inorganic carbon, excretion of dissolved organic carbon and egestion of fecal pellets at depth) might be larger during winter than the flux of sinking fecal pellets.     

Bearing capacity of rectangular footings in uniform clay with deep embedment

This letter is concerned with the undrained bearing capacity of rectangular footings with various aspect ratios and embedment ratios in uniform clay. It covers thin plate foundations with low aspect ratios and high embedment depth with embedment ratio up to 150. The work is based on small strain finite element analysis (FEA). After verification of the FEA model against existing solutions of the bearing capacity factors of rectangular footings, a series of FEA results are obtained. Based on the FEA results, a simple formulation is proposed to calculate the bearing capacity factor for rectangle footing with different aspect ratio in any embedment depth, extending the existing solutions to cover a wider ranges of footing aspect ratios and embedment ratios.     

由现场离水辐亮度估算黄海透明度几种方法的比较

本文根据黄海现场离水辐亮度及遥感反射比,采用４种统计算法估算海水透明度（Ｓｅｃｃｈｉ　Ｄｉｓｃ　Ｄｅｐｔｈ）。前２种算法中海水透明度作为因变量,两不同波段辐亮度之比及两辐亮度之和与第三者之比分别作为自变量,进行一元回归分析,前者相关系数ｒ２为０．９３３５。后者相关系数ｒ２为０．９４８３。第３种算法中,所有波段的遥感反射比做因子分析形成的主因子作为自变量,透明度作为因变量进行多元回归分析,子样全相关系数ｒ２为０．９６４９。第４种算法中,遥感反射比作为自变量,透明度作为因变量进行逐步回归分析,复相关系数ｒ２为０．９８１５。计算结果表明,多元统计分析的估算精度高于一元回归分析。     

高分多模卫星大气校正总体设计与在轨验证

高分多模卫星搭载中国首台民用大气同步校正仪,可以对同平台的高分辨率相机观测区域进行时间同步、视场覆盖的大气参数测量,实现对高分辨率图像的大气校正。文章论述了高分多模卫星大气同步校正的总体设计思路,并给出了时空同步、多谱段、多偏振通道探测体制的设计方案和地面验证结果。高分多模卫星入轨以后,对大气同步校正仪的大气参数反演效果和高分辨率图像的校正效果进行了分析,结果表明利用大气同步校正仪测量数据对大气气溶胶光学厚度（AOD）和大气水汽含量（CWV）的反演结果可信,对高分辨率图像有较好的大气校正效果。     

A multi-limit formulation for the equilibrium depth of a stably stratified boundary layer

Currently no expression for the equilibrium depth of the turbulent stably-stratified boundary layer is available that accounts for the combined effects of rotation, surface buoyancy flux and static stability in the free flow. Various expressions proposed to date are reviewed in the light of what is meant by the stable boundary layer. Two major definitions are thoroughly discussed. The first emphasises turbulence and specifies the boundary layer as a continuously and vigorously turbulent layer adjacent to the surface. The second specifies the boundary layer in terms of the mean velocity profile, e.g. by the proximity of the actual velocity to the geostrophic velocity. It is shown that the expressions based on the second definition are relevant to the Ekman layer and portray the depth of the turbulence in the intermediate regimes, when the effects of static stability and rotation essentially interfere. Limiting asymptotic regimes dominated by either stratification or rotation are examined using the energy considerations. As a result, a simple equation for the depth of the equilibrium stable boundary layer is developed. It is valid throughout the range of stability conditions and remains in force in the limits of a perfectly neutral layer subjected to rotation and a rotation-free boundary layer dominated by surface buoyancy flux or stable density stratification at its outer edge. Dimensionless coefficients are estimated using data from observations and large-eddy simulations. Well-known and widely used formulae proposed earlier by Zilitinkevich and by Pollard, Rhines and Thompson are shown to be characteristic of the above interference regimes, when the effects of rotation and static stability (due to either surface buoyancy flux, or stratification at the outer edge of the boundary layer) are roughly equally important.     

基于CyGNSS数据的土壤水分与植被光学厚度反演研究

本文提出了一种仅基于CyGNSS数据,能够同时反演土壤水分与植被光学厚度的方案,该方案使用了神经网络与暴力穷举算法.首先考察了2018年以及2020年的数据,并对结果进行了验证.通过分析发现反演结果与参考数据展现了良好的一致性.土壤水分的反演结果与2018年和2020年的测试数据比较,其相关系数分别高达0.86和0.84,均方根误差分别为0.064和0.071 cm³/cm³;对于植被光学厚度,2018年与2020年的相关系数均为0.98,均方根误差分别为0.079和0.084.研究结果表明,CyGNSS可作为一种新型且独立的泛热带土壤水分与植被光学厚度反演手段.