基于反演的衰减补偿方法(英文)

提高地震资料分辨率的一个有效途径就是衰减补偿,通过对地震波的衰减和频散效应进行校正,提高地震资料的分辨率。常规衰减补偿方法都是基于波场延拓的反Q滤波方法。本文利用Futterman衰减模型,导出了一种衰减介质中合成地震记录的计算方法,在此基础上将衰减补偿问题归结为一个Fredholm积分方程反问题,利用反演方法来实现衰减补偿。针对衰减补偿问题的不稳定性,利用Tikhonov正则化方法提高反演过程的稳定性,数值模拟资料和实际资料处理结果验证了方法的有效性。     

地震资料处理中相对保幅性讨论

地震资料的相对保幅性处理是进行岩性油气藏勘探的基础,目前关于相对保幅性处理业界没有统一的认识,缺乏对关键处理技术的系统分析.笔者根据多年的实际地震资料处理经验,重点分析了相对保幅处理的难点,提出相对保幅处理的几项判断标准,并以此标准对振幅处理、噪声压制和提高分辨率等处理技术的保幅性进行了分析,这对相对保幅处理具有一定的...     

煤样制备对视相对密度检测的影响因素

多方面原因影响煤样视相对密度项目检测。对多个样品检测数据的汇总和对比,深入讨论样品制备阶段对视相对密度检测结果的影响因素。     

基于居民点密度的人口密度空间化

提出了一种基于居民点密度的人口密度空间化方法。以江苏省人口数据空间化为例,在采用核密度估计法得到江苏省镇(乡、街道)居民点密度后,运用基于居民点密度的人口密度空间化计算公式获得江苏省1 000m×1 000m的人口密度格网图,结果表明:江苏省人口分布的热点地区正是在建的三大都市圈(苏锡常都市圈、南京都市圈和徐州都市圈),其中苏锡常都市圈的人口分布呈现各向异性,而南京和徐州都市圈的人口分布则表现为各向同性;人口密度不仅取决于居民点密度,还与平均每个居民点的人口数密切相关,居民点密度大的区域的人口密度不一定大,居民点密度小的区域的人口密度也不一定小。     

内蒙古农牧交错带生态补偿效应分析

中国的生态补偿实施主要通过制度安排进行。在内蒙古农牧交错带,生态补偿主要通过两种模式进行,即对农牧户放弃土地使用和生产结构调整给予补偿。基于详尽的野外调查,本研究对农牧户经济受偿意愿进行了对比分析,并对两种生态补偿模式的效应进行了详细评价。结果表明,放弃土地使用的生态补偿模式缺乏创造就业机会的机制,因此不具有可持续性。与此相反,调整生产结构的补偿方式不但使农户从事农牧业的规模有了明显下降,而且有助于创造更多的就业机会。虽然这种模式会使农户面临很大的市场风险,但是它为解决区域生态系统恢复和社会经济发展之间的矛盾提供了一种有效方法。     

后赤潮过程中现场水样的三维荧光光谱特征分析

对发生在青岛近岸水域的后赤潮过程中赤潮藻密度、藻种进行鉴别的同时,对现场水样的三维荧光光谱进行了测量,获得了一套三维特征荧光数据。分析结果表明,1）当海水中生物密度达到或接近赤潮密度时,Ex最高峰值波长位于245nm,Em最高峰值波长在445nm,激发转折波长在260nm,荧光转折波长在245nm;2）在非赤潮区,Ex...     

日照市征地补偿安置制度与失地农民权益探讨

为切实维护失地农民的合法权益,日照市不断加快征地补偿安置制度改革的步伐,积极探索失地农民的保护性就业政策措施,努力拓展失地农民安置渠道,逐步建立起失地农民的社会保障制度,为失地农民安居乐业以及维护社会长治久安提供了有力保障。     

Deep-sea nematode assemblage has not recovered 26 years after experimental mining of polymetallic nodules (Clarion-Clipperton Fracture Zone, Tropical Eastern Pacific)

We investigated nematode assemblages inhabiting the 26-year-old track created by experimental deep-sea mining of polymetallic nodules, and two adjacent, undisturbed sites, one with nodules and one without nodules. The aim was to compare density, assemblage structure, and diversity indices in order to assess the process of recovery of the nematode assemblage inhabiting the disturbed site. This experimental dredging was conducted in 1978 by the Ocean Minerals Company (USA) in the area of a French mining claim in the Clarion-Clipperton Fracture Zone (Tropical Eastern Pacific) at a depth of about 5000 m. The nematode assemblage had not returned its initial state 26 years after the experimental dredging: the total nematode density and biomass within the dredging track were significantly lower than outside the track; the biodiversity indices showed significantly lower nematode diversity within the track; and the structure of the nematode assemblage within the track differed significantly from those in the two undisturbed sites outside the track. However, there were no significant differences in the mean body volumes of adult nematodes and adult-juvenile ratios between the track and reference sites. Parameters such as the rate of sediment restoration (which depends on local hydrological conditions) and the degree and character of the disturbance appeared to be of considerable importance for the recovery rate of the deep-sea nematode assemblages and their ability to recolonize disturbed areas. The rates of recolonization and recovery may vary widely in different deep-sea regions.     

Deep-water carbonate concentrations in the southwest Pacific

We have compiled carbonate chemistry and sedimentary CaCO₃% data for the deep-waters (>1500 m water depth) of the southwest (SW) Pacific region. The complex topography in the SW Pacific influences the deep-water circulation and affects the carbonate ion concentration ([CO₃2−]), and the associated calcite saturation horizon (CSH, where ??_calcite=1). The Tasman Basin and the southeast (SE) New Zealand region have the deepest CSH at ∼3100 m, primarily influenced by middle and lower Circumpolar Deep Waters (m or lCPDW), while to the northeast of New Zealand the CSH is ∼2800 m, due to the corrosive influence of the old North Pacific deep waters (NPDW) on the upper CPDW (uCPDW). The carbonate compensation depth (CCD; defined by a sedimentary CaCO₃ content of <20%), also varies between the basins in the SW Pacific. The CCD is ∼4600 m to the SE New Zealand, but only ∼4000 m to the NE New Zealand. The CaCO₃ content of the sediment, however, can be influenced by a number of different factors other than dissolution; therefore, we suggest using the water chemistry to estimate the CCD. The depth difference between the CSH and CCD (??Z_CSH−CCD), however, varies considerably in this region and globally. The global ??Z_CSH−CCD appears to expand with increase in age of the deep-water, resulting from a shoaling of the CSH. In contrast the depth of the chemical lysocline (??_calcite=0.8) is less variable globally and is relatively similar, or close, to the CCD determined from the sedimentary CaCO₃%. Geochemical definitions of the CCD, however, cannot be used to determine changes in the paleo-CCD. For the given range of factors that influence the sedimentary CaCO₃%, an independent dissolution proxy, such as the foraminifera fragmentation % (>40%=foraminiferal lysocline) is required to define a depth where significant CaCO₃ dissolution has occurred back through time. The current foraminiferal lysocline for the SW Pacific region ranges from 3100-3500 m, which is predictably just slightly deeper than the CSH. This compilation of sediment and water chemistry data provides a CaCO₃ dataset for the present SW Pacific for comparison with glacial/interglacial CaCO₃ variations in deep-water sediment cores, and to monitor future changes in [CO₃2−] and dissolution of sedimentary CaCO₃ resulting from increasing anthropogenic CO₂.     

黄海暖流的路径及机制研究

利用NASA/AVHRR 反演的每日海表面温度资料, 法国航天局AVISO 发布的海表面高度资料,中国气象科学数据共享服务网成山头台站的日均风场资料, 首先对黄海海表面温度分布进行了分析,揭示了表征黄海暖流的暖水舌存在两个分支。然后对1981 年10 月～2010 年5 月这两个分支发生情况进行了统计, 得出两个分支并...