Geometric form of Haiyuan fault zone in the crustal interior and dynamics implications

The deep seismic reflection data on profile HY2 are reprocessed by the method of simultaneous inversion of velocity distribution and interface position. By the travel-time inversion with the data of the diving wave Pg and fault plane reflection wave, we determine the geometric form and velocity of Haiyuan fault zone interior and surrounding rock down to 10 km depth. The measured data show that the amplitudes have strong attenuation in the range of stake number 37–39 km, suggesting the fault zone has considerable width in the crustal interior. The results of this paper indicate that to the north of the fault zone the crystalline basement interface upheaves gradually from southwest to northeast and becomes shallow gradually towards northeast, and that to the south of the fault zone, within the basin between Xihua and Nanhua mountains, the folded basement becomes shallow gradually towards southwest. The obliquity of the fault zone is about 70° above the 3 km depth, about 60° in the range of the 3–10 km depths. From the results of this paper and other various citations, we believe that Haiyuan fault zone is in steep state from the Earth’s surface to the depth of 10 km. Foundation item: Joint Seismological Science Foundation of China (201001) and State Key Basic Research Development and Programming Project (95-13-02-02). Contribution No. RCEG200308, Exploration Geophysical Center, China Earthquake Administration.     

On the long-term seismic hazard analysis in the Zhangjiakou–Penglai seismotectonic zone, China

The Zhangjiakou–Penglai seismotectonic zone (ZPSZ) lies in the northern part of North China and extends along the Zhangjiakou–Beijing–Tianjin–Bohai Bay–Penglai–Yellow Sea. It is about 900 km long and some 250 km wide in a northwest direction. The great Sanhe-Pinggu (M_S=8.0) earthquake occurred on September 1679 and the Tangshan (M_S=7.8) earthquake on July 1976 caused serious economic and life losses. According to some differences in crust structure and regional tectonic stress field, the ZPSZ is divided into western and eastern segment by the 117°E line for study on long-term seismic hazard analysis. An analysis of Gutenberg–Richter's empirical relation of earthquake-frequency and time process of historic and recent earthquakes along the eastern and western segments shows that the earthquake activity obeys a Poisson process, and these calculations indicate that the earthquake occurrence probability of M_S=6.0–6.9 is 0.77–0.83 in the eastern segment and the earthquake occurrence probability of M_S=7.0–7.9 is 0.78–0.80 in the western segment of the ZPSZ during a period from 2005 to 2015.     

2022年泸定Ms6.8级地震发震构造与鲜水河断裂带强震迁移规律

2022年9月5日12时52分在四川甘孜州泸定县发生Ms6.8级地震,震源深度16 km。这是继2014年康定地震后,发生在鲜水河断裂带上的又一次强震。笔者等通过已有文献资料,结合鲜水河断裂带南段野外地质调查,统计了滑动速率及历史地震资料,并总结了近代鲜水河断裂带强震迁移规律,对认识鲜水河断裂带活动特征及未来地震危险性具有重要意义。主要得出以下几点认识：①鲜水河断裂带各段滑动速率差异较大,以乾宁为界,从NW至SE段整体上呈现出“先减速后加速”的滑动特点;②泸定地震发震构造磨西断裂,为一次左旋走滑事件;③川滇地区近代历史强震活跃期具有“跳跃性”迁移的特点。自1981年道孚地震后,鲜水河断裂带断进入相对平静期,持续了33 a。自2014年康定地震发生,鲜水河断裂带再次进入地震活跃期;④鲜水河断裂带的强震破裂并非单次地震的“贯通型”模式,而是多次地震的渐进式。断层间相互作用尤其是大地震的发生对断裂带强震复发间隔具有重大影响,相同断裂带的强震也会对后续地震的发生概率产生变化。     

广西桂东某地硅化破碎带型金矿的发现及意义

广西桂东某地硅化破碎带型金矿,是大瑶山地区北侧该类型金矿的首次发现,找矿意义深远。文章着重介绍该金矿的发现史,概述了其地球化学异常特征,提出应重新审视对１／２０ 万异常特别是低缓异常的评价,对处于有利成矿地质条件下的低缓异常的找矿意义,应重新确认     

Eclogite and carpholite-bearing metasedimentary rocks in the North Qilian suture zone, NW China: implications for Early Palaeozoic cold oceanic subduction and water transport into mantle

Low‐temperature eclogite and eclogite facies metapelite together with serpentinite and marble occur as blocks within foliated blueschist that was originated from greywacke matrix; they formed a high‐pressure low‐temperature (HPLT) subduction complex (mélange) in the North Qilian oceanic‐type suture zone, NW China. Phengite–eclogite (type I) and epidote–eclogite (type II) were recognized on the basis of mineral assemblage. Relic lawsonite and lawsonite pseudomorphs occur as inclusions in garnet from both types of eclogite. Garnet–omphacite–phengite geothermobarometry yields metamorphic conditions of 460–510 °C and 2.20–2.60 GPa for weakly deformed eclogite, and 475–500 °C and 1.75–1.95 GPa for strongly foliated eclogite. Eclogite facies metasediments include garnet–omphacite–phengite–glaucophane schist and various chloritoid‐bearing schists. Mg‐carpholite was identified in some high‐Mg chloritoid schists. P–T estimates yield 2.60–2.15 GPa and 495–540 °C for Grt–Omp–Phn–Gln schist, and 2.45–2.50 GPa and 525–530 °C for the Mg‐carpholite schist. Mineral assemblages and P–T estimates, together with isotopic ages, suggest that the oceanic lithosphere as well as pelagic to semi‐pelagic sediments have been subducted to the mantle depths (≥75 km) before 460 Ma. Blueschist facies retrogression occurred at c. 454–446 Ma and led to eclogite deformation and dehydration of lawsonite during exhumation. The peak P–Tconditions for eclogite and metapelite in the North Qilian suture zone demonstrate the existence of cold subduction‐zone gradients (6–7 °C km^?1), and this cold subduction brought a large amount of H₂O to the deep mantle in the Early Palaeozoic times.     

Fluid inclusion studies of the Abawso gold prospect,near the Ashanti Belt,Ghana

The major Ghanaian lode gold deposits are preferentially aligned along the western and eastern contacts of the Kumasi Basin with the Ashanti and Sefwi Belts, respectively. The investigated area of the Abawso small-scale concession, covering the workings of the old Ettadom mine, is situated 3 km west of the lithological contact of the Birimian metavolcanic rocks of the Akropong Belt in the east with the Birimian metasedimentary rocks of the Kumasi Basin in the west. The rocks of the Abawso concession represent a steeply NW-dipping limb of a SE-verging anticline with an axis plunging to the SW. Quartz veining occurs predominantly in the form of en échelon dilatational veins along NNE–SSW-striking shear zones of a few metres width and shows evidence of brittle and ductile deformation. Also stockwork-style quartz veining occurs in the vicinity of the main shaft of the old Ettadom mine. Hydrothermal alteration includes sericitisation, sulphidation and locally carbonatisation. The auriferous quartz veins mainly follow the trend of brittle to ductile deformed quartz veins; however, some occur in stockwork. Fluid inclusion studies reveal a large number of H₂O inclusions along intragranular trails in auriferous quartz vein samples, as well as an overall dominance of H₂O and H₂O-CO₂ inclusions over CO₂ inclusions. Textural observations and physico-chemical fluid inclusion properties indicate post-entrapment modifications for all quartz vein samples due to grain boundary migration recrystallisation. This process is interpreted to be responsible for the generation of the CO₂ inclusions from a H₂O-CO₂ parent fluid. In comparison with mineralisation at the Ashanti and Prestea deposits, which are characterised by CO₂±N₂ inclusions, the observed inclusion assemblage may be due to a shallower crustal level of mineralisation, or different degrees and styles of recrystallisation, or a less pronounced development of laminated quartz veins due to comparably restricted pressure fluctuations. Furthermore, the microthermometric observations allow the reconstruction of a possible retrograde P-T path, depicting near-isothermal decompression in the P-T range of the brittle/ductile transition.Editorial handling: E. Frimmel     

汶川地震序列动态跟踪与甘肃震情动态判定的预报实践感悟

在汶川地震序列的动态跟踪与甘肃震情的动态判定过程中,本文作者成功地把握了甘肃震情、一定程度上把握了汶川地震序列的动态发展变化,并对5月18日四川江油发生的6.0级地震作出了成功预测。这一预测实践使本文作者更加深刻地感悟到,地震预报虽然是一个十分复杂的没有被攻克的世界性难题,但对于一个特定的地区,如果预报思路和方法得当,要实现一次乃至数次成功的预报是可能的。这对地球科学家们如何认识地震预报问题有一定的意义。     

浅谈阿舍勒黄铁矿型多金属矿的垂直分带

阿舍勒黄铁型多金属矿床位于阿尔泰地槽褶皱系的中泥盆统安山质—英安质火山—沉积岩中.矿体充填在火山管道内或火山口近侧,主矿体隐伏地下.矿化元素有铁、铜、铅、锌、金、银、硫、钡等,伴生有锗、镓、铟、硒、镉、铋等.矿体上部形态复杂并有分枝,向深部连成一体,是一个向北东侧伏的筒状体.矿体自上而下具垂宜分带,依次为:重晶石—硅化带;黄铁矿—多金属带;黄铁矿—铜、锌带等…     

布尔津盆地西部凹陷铀成矿水文地球化学条件初探

根据水成铀矿床理论，本在论述布尔津盆地水动力及水化学特征的基础上，通过资料综合整理，着重分析西部凹陷第三系层间水的铀水迁移分带规律，对层间氧化带砂岩型铀矿成矿水地球化学条件进行初步探讨。