不同深对流参数化方案在降水预报中的比较试验

分析表明,海南岛冬半年日际气温的变化幅度很大,平均气温很难表征海南岛冬季“冷”的气候特征,从冬季农作物生长角度出发,统计海南岛发生低温冷害的气候概率,提出海南岛存在“相对的冬季”。进一步,引进“冷指数”替代平均气温来表征海南岛冬季的“冷”。对冷指数的主成分分析表明：（１）以五指山脉为界,海南岛南、北两区在冬季存在的冷暖差异,山北地区发生低温冷害的气候概率明显大于山南地区,这正是五指山脉对冷空气的抬     

延庆怀来地区高分辨率浅地震反射剖面

在延庆怀来地区穿过深断裂位置开展的浅地震反射测量获得了高分辨率的地壳浅部结构图像。结果表明,研究区内浅层断裂发育,覆盖层分层清晰,具有良好的反射性质。基底为前震旦纪地层,埋深500 ～1 000m 不等,由一系列无规律的弱反射构成。狼山断裂是延矾盆地北缘的控制性断裂,在剖面上呈铲形,反映了年轻发育阶段的伸展构造特征     

反射波法动测技术在多种桩型中的运用

通过多个典型实例介绍了反射波法动测技术在多种柱型中的运用及其方法本身存在的问题,强调了综合多种检测手段进行分析判断的重要性。     

声学探测技术在近岸水域地震地层探测中的应用

对山东省海阳冷家庄东南近岸海域浅、中深层地层声学探测剖面进行了分析对比,对研究区内的地震地层层序和基岩的构造特征地判有研究区存在着３个地震反射波且,分别代表了３套没形成时代、不同 地层,综合海底浅层柱状取样结果及陆上地层露头情况,推测这３个地震反射波层组分别与第四纪浅海相泥砂质沉积,白垩纪莱阳群中上部的中、薄层粉砂岩和莱阳群的厚层石英砂岩相对应。并且,发育于基岩内的断层构造在第二、三反射波层组内具     

河道砂岩体地震反射特征分析

按河道形态,河流分为４类：（１）顺直河;（２）曲流河;（３）辫状河;（４）网状河。根据河道砂岩体主体的宽（ｗ）与（ｈ）高之比,河道砂岩体分为带状砂岩体（ｗ∶ｈ小于１５）和席状砂岩体（ｗ∶ｈ大于１５）。在参考前人资料的基础上,总结了在横切河道的地震剖面上河道砂岩体的反射形态、结构及振幅变化。重点介绍了曲流河内侧沙洲地震勘探,以及三维地震勘探技术在寻找河道砂岩体方面的应用。并强调指出,在河道砂岩体地震勘探中,应当加强地震资料与钻井资料、测井资料的结合。     

空间节省型堰式沉箱波浪反射与结构优化试验研究

为了同时提升消浪效果和节省海岸空间,对低反射防波堤进行改进,提出了一种空间节省型堰式沉箱结构。通过物理模型试验研究了堰式沉箱在规则波作用下的消能机理,然后采用单因子分析法分析了相对淹没深度、波陡和相对波高对反射系数的影响,并且利用SPSS软件对无因次参数进行非线性回归分析得到了反射系数计算公式。结果表明,内堰消浪室可以形成良好的波能耗散机制,随着有效消浪室个数的增多,消浪效果逐渐增强,使得反射系数的最小值和最大值较非透空直立结构分别降低了60%～90%和10%～30%。基于以上研究成果,给出关于特征水位与内堰的相对位置关系的合理建议,并总结了堰式沉箱结构的优化设计要点,对实际工程应用具有一定的指导意义。     

High-resolution mapping of large gas emitting mud volcanoes on the Egyptian continental margin (Nile Deep Sea Fan) by AUV surveys

Two highly active mud volcanoes located in 990–1,265 m water depths were mapped on the northern Egyptian continental slope during the BIONIL expedition of R/V Meteor in October 2006. High-resolution swath bathymetry and backscatter imagery were acquired with an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV)-mounted multibeam echosounder, operating at a frequency of 200 kHz. Data allowed for the construction of ~1 m pixel bathymetry and backscatter maps. The newly produced maps provide details of the seabed morphology and texture, and insights into the formation of the two mud volcanoes. They also contain key indicators on the distribution of seepage and its tectonic control. The acquisition of high-resolution seafloor bathymetry and acoustic imagery maps with an AUV-mounted multibeam echosounder fills the gap in spatial scale between conventional multibeam data collected from a surface vessel and in situ video observations made from a manned submersible or a remotely operating vehicle.     

Strike-slip systems as the main tectonic features in the Plio-Quaternary kinematics of the Calabrian Arc

The oblique and diachronous collision of the Apennine-Maghrebian Chain with the Apulian (in the north-east) and Pelagian (in the south) continental forelands, has determined the characteristic arcuate structure of this orogen. The effects of Plio-Pleistocene deformation of the Calabrian Arc have been analysed on the basis of available reflection seismic profiles and using local time-structural maps reconstructed along the main structures. During this period, internal sectors of the Tertiary chain migrated forward on the oceanic Ionian foreland, and were cut by important strike-slip systems. These last have an orientation approximately coincident with that of the migration of the front, allowing differential movement of the different sectors of the arc, towards the weakly buoyant Ionian oceanic domain. The dataset suggests a clear connection between the development of the strike-slip systems cutting the chain and the direction of tectonic transport, towards the East during Late Messinian/Early Pliocene time, to the ESE during Late Pliocene/Early Pleistocene time, finally to the SSE during the Middle/Late Pleistocene to Present, showing a clockwise rotation in well defined stages during the kinematic evolution of the chain. The origin of the Strait of Messina during the different phases is also interpreted in the context of the analysed regional tectonic setting.     

The feeding and diet of the deep-sea shrimp Aristeus antennatus off the Balearic Islands (Western Mediterranean): Influence of environmental factors and relationship with the biological cycle

Spatio-temporal variation of feeding intensity and diet in the red shrimp Aristeus antennatus was studied at two locations around the island of Mallorca (Balearic Islands, Western Mediterraean) in August, September, and November 2003, and in February, April and June 2004 at depths between 550 and 750 m. The two areas, with different oceanographic conditions, were respectively located in the northwest (Sóller) and the south (Cabrera) of Mallorca. Off Sóller, feeding intensity of A. antennatus showed a significant increase from February to April and June 2004 in all the three size-classes studied (small shrimps: CL < 30 mm; medium: CL between 30 and 40 mm; large: CL ? 40 mm). Off Cabrera, the highest fullness was recorded in November 2003 among small and medium shrimp, while only large specimens showed patterns similar to that found off Sóller. Off Sóller, the diet of both small (CL < 34 mm) and large (CL ? 34 mm) A. antennatus was mainly influenced by season, with three dietary groups corresponding to August-September 2003, to November 2003/February 2004, and to hauls from April to June 2004. Off Cabrera, hauls (representing diets) were grouped by depth, never by season. The most remarkable seasonal shift in the diet of A. antennatus off Sóller was the increase of mesopelagic prey in April-June relative to other months. In all size categories there was an increase off Sóller in the energy intake of prey ingested from February to June 2004, an increase not found off Cabrera. Degree of digestion of mesopelagic prey indicated nocturnal feeding on mesopelagic fauna. These prey probably have a shallower depth distribution at night than found in our daylight sampling, and possible migratory movements among prey and A. antennatus at night would explain the lack of correlation between prey abundance in guts and in the environment found during daylight periods for most micronekton mesopelagic prey (euphausiids, myctophids and sergestids). Off Sóller, fullness and diet were significantly linked to temporal changes in water column productivity (e.g., Chl a readings, fluorescence) and to changes in the shrimp biology (lipid content of hepatopancreas, Gonado-somatic Index, GSI). Off Cabrera, we found a higher dependence of fullness and diet with T and S, both variables in turn related to depth. The increase of stomach fullness and dietary energy intake in pre-reproductive females from February to April-June 2004 found off Sóller, coupled with the consumption of mesopelagic prey, was parallel to a significant increase of the gonad weight (GSI, fecundity) in June. Most individuals attain gonad development in the period May-June, after two months of the peak of primary production at the surface. The strong link found between pelagic resources and reproductive processes in a deep-sea species such as the shrimp Aristeus antennatus, situated near the top of the trophic web, suggests a rapid energy flow via mesopelagic fauna between surface primary production and bathyal megabenthic communities at oligotrophic insular areas. In contrast to mainland areas off the Catalan coasts submitted to the influence of submarine canyons, around the island of Mallorca the empoverishment of benthos biomass may enhance consumption of micronektonic prey and a possible accumulation of pre-reproductive females of A. antennatus in areas (e.g., steep slopes and persistent frontal systems found off Sóller) with high zooplankton aggregations.     

Colonization of Sulfurovum sp. on the gill surfaces of Alvinocaris longirostris, a deep-sea hydrothermal vent shrimp

Deep‐sea hydrothermal vents are unique light‐independent ecosystems that are sustained by chemosynthetic bacteria. For many of the invertebrates inhabiting in such environments, bacteria play essential roles in both energy acquisition and detoxification of potentially toxic gases such as H₂S. In this study, the bacterial flora present on the gills of Alvinocaris longirostris (Bresiliidae: Caridea), a shrimp inhabiting hydrothermal vents (1532 m depth) at the Hatoma Knoll of the Okinawa Trough, was investigated. Bacterial 16S rDNA fragments were successfully amplified from the gills and 70% of these fragments showed an identical pattern in the restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. These fragments were assigned to the ribotype AL‐1. Phylogenetic analyses suggest that AL‐1 forms a monophyletic clade with Sulfurovum spp. (ε‐Proteobacteria). Fluorescence in situ hybridization for AL‐1 and electron microscopy showed the presence of short‐rod bacteria lining up on the cuticular layer of the surface of the gill filaments. These results suggest that bacterial association with gills also occurs in bresiliid shrimps.