西藏甲玛矿区角岩特征及其对深部找矿的意义

角岩是西藏甲玛铜多金属矿床近年来钻探工作大量揭露的赋矿围岩之一,其中蕴藏的钼铜资源量已达大型以上规模,不但为甲玛增加资源量提供了新的保障,而且在矽卡岩型和斑岩型之外增加了一种新的矿石类型。但角岩的研究相对薄弱,对其在深部找矿方面的研究更是空白。本文通过对甲玛角岩基本特征的研究,归纳了角岩的空间分布,分析了角岩的物质组成,结合角岩中裂隙的统计结果,推测了深部岩体的中心位置,为深部找矿提出了建议。认为甲玛矿区角岩分布广但厚度不均匀,以ZK3218钻孔最厚(达1027m),向周围逐渐减薄,到矿区西南角和西端多个钻孔中尖灭。角岩型矿体以辉钼矿和黄铜矿为主,ZK3217钻孔中矿体厚达900m,紧邻ZK3218钻孔,矿化普遍,但品位较矽卡岩低。角岩中裂隙统计表明,在ZK1616至ZK3216一带,裂隙密度达40条/米以上,向周围减少。综合角岩的岩石学、矿物学和地球化学等特征, 认为甲玛矿区为角岩提供热源的深部岩浆分布在ZK3216-ZK3217-ZK3218一带,建议布置深钻,深部可能存在矽卡岩型矿体和斑岩型矿体。     

四川盆地深层海相碳酸盐岩气藏成藏模式

四川盆地深层碳酸盐岩气藏主要指中三叠统雷口坡组及更老层位海相碳酸盐岩为储层形成的气藏,一般(曾)埋深在4500m之下,按类型可分为原生气藏(生气中心、储气中心和保气中心位于同一层位内)和次生气藏(生气中心、储气中心与保气中心位于不同层位)2类。原生气藏储层内含有大量沥青, 天然气主要为原油裂解气。次生气藏储层内不含沥青, 但天然气仍然主要为原油裂解气。原生气藏的成藏模式有三中心叠合模式、储气中心解体模式、三中心短距离移位模式和缺乏保气中心模式。次生气藏的成藏模式主要以天然气跨层运移为主要特征, 其气源来自于先存的天然气藏。三中心叠合模式的原油裂解气成藏效率最高,储气中心解体模式的原油裂解气成藏效率中等,三中心短距离移位模式和次生气藏形成模式的原油裂解气成藏效率较低,保气中心缺乏模式的原油裂解气成藏效率为零。因此,在勘探策略上应重视三中心叠合和储气中心解体模式形成的原生气藏的勘探,同时应关注由震旦系灯影组古气藏(储气中心)破坏而形成的下古生界次生气藏。     

连续小波变换在面波压制中的应用

由于原始地震反射数据含有大量噪声,因此地震数据的降噪处理是十分重要的,而面波的压制是陆上地震资料降噪处理的主要问题之一。这里根据共炮点记录中面波与反射波主要能量在时间～尺度域的分布不同,以及面波的频率特性等特点,提出了一种基于时间～尺度域的面波衰减方法。将该方法用于实际炮集资料的处理,并与常用的F-K滤波方法进行对比,结果表明,该方法在衰减面波干扰的同时,能更好地保护反射波,并且对于信噪比较低的浅层反射信号能够取得较好的效果。     

多次波压制组合技术在海洋地震资料处理中的应用

海洋地震资料中的噪声主要是多次波,消除多次波一直是资料处理的核心环节,已有的方法很多,但目前主要采用单一的方法,没有一种能达到较好的效果.人们已经注意到用若干种方法加以组合来达到消除多次波的目的,但还未有较理想的组合方法.在分析了海洋多次波的类型和特征、揭示多次波与一次波区别的基础上,针对多次波的不同特征合理地选取了压...     

三维地震勘探技术在宋新庄井田中的应用

以宋新庄井田三维地震勘探为例,介绍了该区主要地震反射波组与标志层位的对应关系,并通过对T3、T10、T18波的研究查明了勘探区构造形态：除了对甜水堡背斜形态及位置更明确外,还新发现汪水塘向斜及9条新断层,其中DF5逆断层及西移的金家渠子西侧逆断层控制了该井田边界。通过对煤层隐伏露头的解释及钻孔验证,证实部分煤层露头向东南平移200～500m,扩大了煤层赋存范围。另外强反射波组TN、TE表现,确定了新生界古松散层内部地层的界限及底界与下伏地层的不整合关系,该区新生界底界面总的变化趋势为西部高、东部低。     

An analytical solution for wave-induced seabed response in a multi-layered poro-elastic seabed

In this study, a new analytical solution for the wave-induced seabed response in a multi-layered poro-elastic seabed is developed. The seabed is treated as a multi-layered porous medium and characterized by Biot’s theory. The displacements of the solid skeleton and the pore pressure are expressed in terms of two scalar potentials and one vector. Then, the Biot’s dynamic equation can be solved using Fourier transformation and reducing to Helmholtz equations. To obtain the general solutions for the multi-layered poro-elastic seabed in the frequency-wave-number domain, the transmission and reflection matrices (TRM) method is used to form the equivalent stiffness. Using the boundary conditions and continuous conditions, the frequency-wave-number domain solutions are obtained. Finally, the time-space domain solutions for the multi-layered poro-elastic seabed are obtained by means of the inverse Fourier transformation with respect to the horizontal coordinate. Based on the new solution, a parametric study is carried out to examine the effects of soil characteristics (number of layers, permeability and shear modulus) and wave characteristics (water depth and wave steepness) on seabed responses. The results indicate that the seabed response is affected significantly by permeability, shear modulus and relative water depth.     

海洋微型底栖生物调查方法与操作规程

海洋微型底栖生物包括底栖细菌、底栖微藻及底栖原生动物等单细胞原核和真核生物,是底栖微食物网中能量传递的基础和关键环节,在海洋生物地球化学循环过程中起着重要作用.然而我国现有的<海洋调查规范>国家标准中有关底栖生物的研究仅涉及利用网筛分选的大型和小型底栖动物,缺少微型底栖生物调查的方法与规程,严重制约了对海洋整体食物网能...     

Core made of geotextile sand containers for rubble mound breakwaters and seawalls: Effect on armour stability and hydraulic performance

A systematic armour stability and the hydraulic performance, including wave reflection, wave transmission, experimental study in the twin-wave flumes of Leichtweiss-Institute (LWI) is performed on a geocore breakwater and a conventional rubble mound breakwater in order to comparatively determine the wave run-up and wave overtopping. The geocore breakwater consists of a core made of sand-filled geotextile containers (GSC) covered by an armour made of rock. The geocore is more than an order of magnitude less permeable than the quarry run core of a conventional breakwater. As expected, the core permeability substantially affects the armour stability on the seaside slope, the wave transmission and the wave overtopping performance. Surprisingly, however, wave reflection and hydraulic stability of the rear slope are less affected. Formulae for the armour stability and hydraulic performance of the geocore breakwater are proposed, including wave reflection, transmission, run-up and overtopping.     

Hydrodynamic characteristics of pile supported skirt breakwater models

Facilities for handling large draft vessels, modern container ships and tankers have become essential due to the rapid growth in marine traffic. A pile supported skirt breakwater (PSSB) is one of the most promising concepts that could fulfill this requirement as PSSBs are environment friendly and economical for locations where tidal fluctuations are large and soil conditions are poor compared to other types of conventional breakwaters. The structure consists of an impermeable barrier piercing the free surface and extending up to a certain depth of submergence. The barrier which is responsible for attenuating the incident waves through partial reflection is supported on closely spaced concrete or steel piles. The barrier would consist of pre-cast elements that are connected to the piles on site. A numerical model based on the Eigen function expansion theory for linear waves to investigate the reflection and transmission characteristics of a PSSB consisting of single and double rows has been developed. The wave run-up on the skirt of the front row as well as the oscillation of the water surface in between the two rows was also computed. The results on the above stated parameters are reported as a function of wave and structural parameters in a dimensionless form. The numerical results are compared with experimental results and the agreement in general is found to be good.     

Wave refraction–diffraction effect in the wind wave model WWM

Based on the extended mild-slope equation, the wind wave model (WWM; Hsu et al., 2005) is modified to account for wave refraction, diffraction and reflection for wind waves propagating over a rapidly varying seabed in the presence of current. The combined effect of the higher-order bottom effect terms is incorporated into the wave action balance equation through the correction of the wavenumber and propagation velocities using a refraction–diffraction correction parameter. The relative importance of additional terms including higher-order bottom components, the wave–bottom interaction source term and wave–current interaction that influence the refraction–diffraction correction parameter is discussed. The applicability of the proposed model to calculate a wave transformation over an elliptic shoal, a series of parallel submerged breakwater induced Bragg scattering and wave–current interaction is evaluated. Numerical results show that the present model provides better predictions of the wave amplitude as compared with the phase-decoupled model of Holthuijsen et al. (2003).