Study on the Gravity Field and Deep-Seated Crustal Structure at the North Margin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

1.I~ductionThenorthernmarginoftheQinghai-TibetplateauincludestheAltllnMis.,theQilianMis.,KunlunMis.,theQaidambasinandthesouthernTarimbasin.ThisareaistCctonicallycharacterizedbyintensiveCenozoicdeformationwithcomplicateddeformationalmechedsm(Molnaretal.,1987;Zheng,1991;Culetal.,1994;Ding,1995andXuetal.,1996).Thedeformationalmechanismsincludethrust-napping,strike-slipping,extensionandblockrotation,aswellassimultaneousupliftingandtypicalbasin-rangetectonics(CulandXu,1996).IntermsofCenozoi…     

P-SH conversions in a flat-layered medium with anisotropy of arbitrary orientation

P-SH conversion is commonly observed in teleseismic P waves, and is often attributed to dipping interfaces beneath the receiver. Our modelling suggests an alternative explanation in terms of flat-layered anisotropy. We use reflectivity techniques to compute three-component synthetic seismograms in a 1-D anisotropic layered medium. For each layer of the medium, we prescribe values of seismic velocities and hexagonally symmetric anisotropy about a common symmetry axis of arbitrary orientation. A compressional wave in an anisotropic velocity structure suffers conversion to both SV -and SH -polarized shear waves, unless the axis of symmetry is everywhere vertical or the wave travels parallel to all symmetry axes. The P-SV conversion forms the basis of the widely used 'receiver function' technique. The P-SH conversion occurs at interfaces where one or both layers are anisotropic. A tilted axis of symmetry and a dipping interface in isotropic media produce similar amplitudes of both direct ( P ) and converted ( Ps ) phases, leaving the backazimuth variation of the P-Ps delay as the main discriminant. Seismic anisotropy with a tilted symmetry axis leads to complex synthetic seismograms in velocity models composed of just a few flat homogeneous layers. It is possible therefore to model observations of P coda with prominent transverse components with relatively simple 1-D velocity structures. Successful retrieval of salient model characteristics appears possible using multiple realizations of a genetic-algorithm (GA) inversion of P coda from several backazimuths. Using GA inversion, we determine that six P coda recorded at station ARU in central Russia are consistent with models that possess strong (> 10 per cent) anisotropy in the top 5 km and between 30 and 43 km depth. The symmetry axes are tilted, and appear aligned with the seismic anisotropy orientation in the mantle under ARU suggested by SKS splitting.     

塔里木西南早第三纪古地磁和地壳缩短

属于帕米尔弧山前带的乌帕尔剖面和属于南天山山前带的巴对布拉克剖面，现今的纬度差为０．５６°，但是下第三系古地磁测定结果表明其古纬度差很大．乌帕尔剖面齐姆根组上部的古纬度为８°Ｎ，而巴什布拉克剖面巴什布拉克组第５段的古纬度为３６．１°Ｎ。若考虑到当时板块的相对运移速度，估计始新世早期巴什布拉克地区的古纬度大致为３１°Ｎ，与当时乌帕尔所处位置的纬差达２３°。又根据Ｋｌｏｏｔｗｉｊｋ测得的帕米尔西北缘利什坦层的古纬度值，在始新世末期．包括乌帕尔在内的帕米尔前缘与以巴什布拉区为代表的南天山山前带之间还有至少１０°的纬度差。古地磁资料表明，始新世早期，塔里木海宽达２０００ｋｍ，此时印度板块西北端已与欧亚板块局部碰撞，至始新世末，印度板块向北推进２０°，帕米尔弧前缘与南天山山前的距离缩短到约１０００ｋｍ，原塔里木海的两侧上升为山前平原。     

Assimilating data into open ocean tidal models

The problem of deriving tidal fields from observations by reason of incompleteness and imperfectness of every data set practically available has an infinitely large number of allowable solutions fitting the data within measurement errors and hence can be treated as ill-posed. Therefore, interpolating the data always relies on some a priori assumptions concerning the tides, which provide a rule of sampling or, in other words, a regularization of the ill-posed problem. Data assimilation procedures used in large scale tide modeling are viewed in a common mathematical framework as such regularizations. It is shown that they all (basis functions expansion, parameter estimation, nudging, objective analysis, general inversion, and extended general inversion), including those (objective analysis and general inversion) originally formulated in stochastic terms, may be considered as utilizations of one of the three general methods suggested by the theory of ill-posed problems. The problem of grid refinement critical for inverse methods and nudging is discussed.     

云南岩石圈热结构

本文探讨了云南深部热流及岩石圈地温分布的横向变化特征，并将岩石圈热结构概括为３种类型；典型现代构造活动区热结构，中间过渡型地质区热结构和稳定地质区热结构。最后，简单讨论了地热与地震活动的关系。     

陆源碎屑沉积作用对化学元素配分的制约——兼论五台地区前寒武纪碎屑沉积岩示踪源区陆壳成分的意义

为探讨粒度分选沉积作用对沉积物化学成分配分的影响,对比研究了五台群中石英岩、长石石英岩、粉砂岩和粘土岩等不同粒度沉积岩的化学成分特征,结果表明:不同粒度沉积岩的主元素及微量元素均具有较大的变化范围,SiO_2与Al_2O_3及TFe_2O_3之间呈线性负相关关系,这种负相关关系还表现在SiO_2与REE,Rb,Sr之间,这种特征可以用石英的稀释作用进行解释;铁族元素Cr,Ni,Co和REE,Rb,Sr等大离子亲石元素与Al_2O_3呈正相关关系,表明这些元素易在富铝的粘土岩中聚积。不同粒度成分沉积岩的稀土     

秦岭造山带地壳构造与楔入成山

横穿秦岭的河南叶县至湖北南漳的反射地震剖面揭示，秦岭造山带地壳由一系列由南向北楔入到中地壳的鳄鱼式构造所组成。南北溱岭上地壳分别形成南秦岭和北秦岭推覆系。北秦岭推覆系是组成基底的地壳沿脆转换面拆离冲叠形成的一个推覆系，可以分出栾川推覆体，瓦穴子推覆体，二郎坪推覆体及朱夏推覆体。     

Study on distribution characteristics of strong earthquakes in Sichuan-Yunnan area and their geological tectonic background

Introduction Both Sichuan and Yunnan are provinces with more earthquakes. Based on catalogue of strong earthquakes in China compiled by the Prediction Department of China Earthquake Administration, there are 639 M5.0 earthquakes during 26 B.C.~A.D. 2001. Among them, 475 are M=5.0~5.9 events, 124 are M=6.0~6.9 events, 39 are M=7.0~7.9 events, and one is M=8 event occurred in Sichuan and Yunnan area. Here is one of the areas where seismic activities are most active in China. Sichuan-Yun…     

深部热流体上涌对天水强震区深部发震环境形成演化过程的影响作用

通过与肯尼亚Gregory地堑的深部构造的对比分析，本研究了天水强震区深部发震环境的形成演化过程及其主要特征，探讨了深部热流体上涌在该地区深部发震环境形成演化过程中所起的重要作用，为进一步研究该地区前兆形成机理打下基础。