超然于时代的写作——论曹聚仁二十世纪五六十年代的随笔散文

20世纪50年代和60年代是曹聚仁随笔散文写作的高峰期。这一时期,无论是内地还是港台,政治气氛都十分浓厚。而作为国共两党的联系人的曹聚仁疏离政治,可以自由地往来于大陆和港台之间,仍然保持与母体文化联系,从而使他在写作上保持一定的文化优势。曹聚仁在随笔写作中重在对所游之地、所读之书的文史挖掘,显示出深厚的文化底蕴。曹聚仁以随笔散文的方式传承着民族文化的血脉,独自守望着古老而深厚的民族文化,具有十分重要的意义。     

两种虾、贝、藻综合养殖模式的初步比较

利用太平洋牡蛎(Crassostrea gigas)和孔石莼(Ulva pertusavar)与凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)以2种方式搭配放养,旨在查明其各自的生态特征及养殖效果。实验中对虾设2个放养密度,分别为17尾/m2和34尾/m2;牡蛎、石莼各设1个放养密度,分别为1 700 g/m2,140 g/m2。实验结果表明,经过50 d的实验,2个密度下对虾的生长均是混养明显快于分养模式(高密度混养与分养对虾体重分别为(7.04±0.19)g,(5.20±0.22)g;低密度混养与分养对虾体重分别为(7.89±0.34)g,(5.66±0.30)g)。总产量也是混养模式稍高于分养模式[高密度混养与分养对虾产量分别为(330.92±8.91)g,(189.47±8.05)g;低密度混养与分养对虾产量分别为(264.97±11.46)g,(135.82±7.27)g]。混养模式水体中的浮游植物的含量高于分室循环水模式中的含量,其它水化学指标间没有明显差异。分养循环水模式下虾室中水体过清、透明度过高,从而导致水中光照强度和光色的变化可能是其中对虾生长较慢的主要原因。     

Landsat长时间序列的阳澄湖湖面围网时空变化

准确提取湖泊围网区域的时空分布信息对湖泊的保护和可持续发展具有重要意义。本文以阳澄湖为研究区域,收集该地区1984年—2017年所有的Landsat 5和Landsat 8影像(共计396景),提出了结合光谱和纹理特征的围网提取新算法,同时利用时间序列滤波消除年际间因数据不一致造成的偏差。以高清影像人工解译作为参考,阳澄湖围网提取结果的生产者精度在72.57%—88.53%,用户者精度在79.79%—98.10%,围网面积变化与文献记录吻合。结果表明,阳澄湖围网经历了"无围网期"(1984年—1994年)、"快速增长期"(1994年—1998年)、"巅峰期"(1999年—2002年)、"快速下降期"(2003年—2006年)和"稳定期"(2007年—2017年)5个阶段,最高达到100 km2,目前稳定在30 km2;通过研究围网区植被指数发现,2002年之后围网区浮水植物的种植面积增大;通过对比水质数据发现,2002年至今持续15年的围网拆除并未使阳澄湖恢复到80年代无围网养殖时期的II类水,其水质依然处于Ⅲ—Ⅳ类。因此在湖泊养殖开发过程中,政府应该坚持可持续发展道路,在不破坏湖泊水质的基础上发展湖泊经济。     

陆水水库的浮游生物及营养类型

报道了１９９１￣１９９５年对面积为１６９３ｈｍ＾２的黑龙滩水库渔业利用优化模式研究的结果,主要内容有：水生生物种类组成和现存量调查、浮游植物初级生产力测定、渔获物统计和鱼产力估算;水体理化性状和水位变化对鱼产量和浮游生物群落结构的影响,网箱养殖鲤、草鱼的高产试验结果;多功能水库生态系统的渔业利用优化模式初步探讨。经三年努力,水库鱼产量由６２２ｔ上升到１２５５．１ｔ,平均单产７５０ｋｇ／ｈｍ＾２。为     

鄱阳湖网箱养殖区沉积物有机质来源分析

通过对鱼苗时期鄱阳湖网箱养殖区沉积物、饵料及鱼粪等样品总有机碳(TOC)含量、总氮(TN)含量、碳氮比(C/N)、δ^13 C及δ^15 N的测定,分析探讨了鄱阳湖网箱养殖区沉积物有机质来源,量化了网箱养殖废物对养殖区沉积物有机质的贡献.结果表明,网箱养殖区沉积物的δ^13 C和δ^15 N值分别为-27.67‰~-25.65‰和5.19‰~7.27‰,饵料的δ^13 C和δ^15 N值分别为-24.73‰和10.28‰,鱼粪的δ^13 C和δ^15 N值分别为-26.30‰和15.54‰.网箱养殖区沉积物有机质来源主要有残饵、浮游生物及其他来源,其贡献率分别为48.3%±11.4%、25.6%±11.3%及26.0%±5.8%,而鱼粪的贡献几乎可以忽略不计.在水动力平流引起的扩散及沉积物的再悬浮的影响下,网箱养殖源有机质的扩散距离达1500 m.在鱼苗时期,鱼类网箱养殖的残饵是鄱阳湖网箱养殖区沉积物有机质的主要来源.     

翡翠文化与翡翠市场探释

中国人几千年来对翡翠有着特殊爱好,其融人了自古以来的玉石文化,它对中华民族的精神、意志、道德、哲理产生着巨大的影响。翡翠的探释是一门高雅的艺术,不但要从文化的层面来认识翡翠,而且还要多了解一些翡翠的专业知识和翡翠市场的发展现状。本文详细地介绍了目前国内几大翡翠市场和各市场的特点以及中国翡翠市场的发展史。     

The effects of nitrogen,phosphorus, vitamins and trace metals on the growth of the red tide organismProrocentrum Micans

Laboratory culture experiments showed that <100μ mol/L nitrate, amonium or mixture of amino acids promote the growth of the red tide organismProrocentrum micans Ehrenb, but that >100μmol/L of ammonium, or mixture of glycine and glutamate was harmful to growth, and that orthophosphate wasP. micans’ main phosphorous source in the ocean. Presence of 80μ mol/L EDTA, 0.5 to 1 μmol/L Fe³⁺, 1.0 to 20.0 μ mol/L Mn²⁺ 0.1 to 0.4 μmol/L Co²⁺ in the culture medium could improve the growth ofP. micans. Vitamin B₁ promoted growth, but vitamin B₁₂ and biotin did not. The estimated minimum cell quotas (q _o) for nitrogen and phosphorus being 0.74 pmole/cell and 0.045 pmole/cell show that phosphorus (more than nitrogen) limits the growth ofP. micans in the study area. This project was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province.     

BOOK REVIEWS

Books reviewed in this article: The Mexican Colonial Copper Industry. Elinore M. Barrett . The Control Revolution: Technological and Economic Origins of the Information Society . James R. Beniger . Land Degradation and Society . Piers M. Blaikie And Harold C. Brookfield , Eds . La carte, mode d'emploi. Roger Brunet . France: les dynamiques du territoire . Roger Brunet AND Jacques Sallois , EDS. At the Crossroads—The Mineral Problems of the United States . Eugene N. Cameron . A Census of One Billion People , Papers for International Seminar on China's 1982 Population Census. Li Chengrui , ED. Les Milieux “Naturels” du Globe . Jean Demangeot . The Geophysiology of Amazonia: Vegetation and Climate Interactions : Robert E. Dickinson , ED. Tenn-Tom Country . James F. Doster And David C. Weaver . Family Farming in Europe and America . Boguslaw Galeski And Eugene Wilkening , EDS. The Geography of Urban Transportation . Susan Hanson , Ed. Combating Desertification in Developing Countries . J. K. Jain , ED. Cartography in France—1660–1848. Science, Engineering and Statecraft . Josef W. Konvitz . Distribution of Distances in Pregeographical Space . Hans Kuiper . Physical Geography Lab Manual: A New Experimental Approach . Neal G. Lineback And John M. Harlin . Physical Geography: A Landscape Appreciation , 2nd ed. Tom L. Mc Knight . The Desert Is No Lady: Southwestern Landscapes in Women's Writing and Art . Vera Norwood And Janice Monk , EDS. France: A Geographical, Social, and Economic Survey . Philippe Pinchemel , translated, by D. Elkins and T. H. Elkins. Gene Banks and the World's Food . Donald L. Plucknett , Nigel J. H. Smith , J. T. Williams , And N. Murthi Anishetty . Latin American Development: Geographical Perspectives . David Preston , Ed. Making Sense of Development: An Introduction to Classical and Contemporary Theories of Development and Their Application to Southeast Asia . P. W. Preston . The History of the Countryside. Oliver Rackham . The Third World in Perspective . H. A. Reitsma AND J. M. G. Kleinpenning . The Industrial Geography of Australia . David C. Rich . The Recruiting Game , 2nd Ed., revised. John F. Rooney , JR. A Cultural Geography of North American Indians . Thomas E. Ross AND Tyrel G. Moore , EDS. Eastern Europe . Dean S. Rugg . Human Territoriality: Its Theory and History . Cambridge Studies in Historical Geography: 7. Robert David Sack . Experimental Fluvial Geomorphology . Stanley A. Schumm , M. Paul Mosley , AND William E. Weaver . The New Urban Landscape . David Schuyler . Atlas of American Women . Barbara Gimla Shortridge . Impacts of Hazardous Technology: The Psycho-Social Effects of Restarting TMI-1 . John Sorensen , Jon Soderstrom , Emily Copenhaver , Sam Carnes AND Robert Bolin . Modern Physical Geography , 3rd Ed., (Third Edition). Arthur N. Strahler AND Alan H. Strahler . India: Economic Resource Base and Contemporary Political Patterns . B. L. Sukhwal .     

潮上带斑节对虾高产养殖试验

１９９０年在潮上带３ｍ的大梅沙养殖场选２８口共１０９００２．４ｍ２虾池进行斑节对虾高产养殖试验。采用提水式供水、虾池小型化、投苗高密度，配备增氧机，精心管养。试验结果获得总产６９５７７．３ｋｇ，平均０．６４ｋｇ／ｍ２，最高１．０１ｋｇ／ｍ２。潮上带提水式高密度精养斑节对虾，具备条件是确实可行的。     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Unfairly Structured Cities . Blair Badcock Religion and Rural Revolt . Janos M. Bak and Gerhard Benecke The Industrial Geography of Canada . Anthony Blackbourn and Robert G. Putnam The Cuban-American Experience, Culture, Images, and Perspectives. Thomas D. Boswell and James R. Curtis Quaternary Paleoclimatology . R. S. Bradley Development and Crisis in Brazil, 1930–1983 . Luiz Bresser Pereiras Centres of Origin in Biogeography . John C. Briggs Analytical Urban Geography . Martin Cadwallader Geomorphology . Richard J. Chorley , Stanley A. Schumm, and David E. Sugden South Africa: The Impact of Past Geographies . A. J. Christopher The Geography of Underdevelopment. A Critical Survey . D. K. Forbes Health Care in Developing Countries . Wilbert M. Gesler Place to Grow Old: The Meaning of Environment in Old Age . Stephen M. Golant The Emerging Marine Economy of the Pacific . Chennat Gopalakrishnan An Introduction to Agricultural Geography . David B. Grigg The Soviet Union: A Geographical Study . G. Melvyn Howe Geographical Aspects of Health: Essays in Honour of Andrew Learmonth . N. D. Mc Glashan and J. R. Blunden Physical Geography: A Landscape Appreciation . Tom L. Mc Knight Mountain Experience. The Psychology and Sociology of Adventure. Richard G. Mitchell Jr . Systematic and Regional Biogeography. Stanley A. Morain The Economic Transformation of American Cities. T. J. Noyelle and T. M. Stanback , Jr . Normal Accidents: Living With High-Risk Technologies. Charles Perrow Vanishing Farmland: A Legal Solution for the States. Sarah E. Redfield Applied Methods of Regional Analysis: The Spatial Dimensions of Development Policy. Dennis A. Rondinelli Urbanization in Romania. A Geography of Social and Economic Change Since Independence. Per Ronnas Statistical Techniques in Geographical Analysis. Gareth Shaw and Dennis Wheeler The Granite Garden: Urban Nature and Human Design. Anne Whiston Spirn Political Geography: Recent Advances and Future Directions. Peter Taylor and John House Geographia y Medio Ambiente. Manuel Valenzuela -Rubío Nãgara and Commandery: Origins of the Southeast Asian Urban Traditions. Paul Wheatley The Common Fisheries Policy of the European Community. Mark Wise Geography and Gender. Women and Geography Study Group of the IBG Technological Hazards. D. J. Zeigler , J. H. Johnson , S. D. Brunn