Will the river Irtysh survive the year 2030? Impact of long-term unsuitable land use and water management of the upper stretch of the river catchment (North Kazakhstan)

The Irtysh river basin all the way from river spring in China across Kazakhstan as far as the Russian part of Siberia is among the most ecologically endangered and affected regions on our planet. The study provides a summary of the historical reasons for anthropological interventions in this area, which began with the construction of plants of the military—industrial complexes in the forties of the last century during World War II. These plants have a major share in extreme high concentrations of heavy metals in surface as well in groundwaters locally. The Semipalatinsk nuclear polygon plays a specific role as a source of contamination of local waters. The release of top secret data enabled us to gain knowledge about serious problems related to high radioactivity of groundwaters, which should spread uncontrollably through a system of secondary fissures activated by nuclear blasts. Another serious problem in this region is the quantitative aspect of contamination. Model simulations of water balance indicate that large industrial development in the spring area in China and continuously increasing water consumption in Kazakhstan may lead to desiccation of the lower stretch of this large river in Siberia during the summer months of 2030.     

胶莱盆地在南黄海的延伸:来自OBS深地震探测的新证据

为了识别胶莱盆地海阳凹陷在南黄海地区的东部延伸边界,利用穿越南黄海的OBS2013-SYS深地震测线开展2D速度结构模拟,在测线NW方向位于千里岩隆起带的OBS（海底地震仪）站位均观察到了折合走时突然增加的现象。速度结构模型显示胶莱盆地东侧海阳凹陷附近海域存在明显的低速沉积层增厚现象,模型自OBS06站位向NW方向,沉积层厚度由小于1.0 km显著增厚至2.5 km左右,推测该处为胶莱盆地海阳凹陷的东部边界断裂。结合前人在海阳凹陷识别出的控盆断裂进行分析,厘定了海阳凹陷在海区大体的构造边界和沉积中心,认为胶莱盆地东部控盆断裂可能延伸至连云港-石岛断裂一线,与嘉山-响水-千里岩断裂构成千里岩隆起带南北边界断裂带的一部分。海阳凹陷沉降中心可能位于南黄海海区连云港-石岛断裂北侧海阳凹陷的NE方向,发育的厚层白垩系可能存在较好的油气前景。     

四川西昌盆地白垩纪恐龙足迹群的新发现

四川西昌盆地白垩系小坝组尚未发现骨骼化石记录,其白垩系恐龙动物群的信息全赖于足迹化石。2017年,在喜德县洛甘发现小坝组迄今最大型的恐龙足迹群。该足迹点保存了大量的兽脚类足迹。足迹保存条件较差,但具备了基本的形态学特征。总体来看,兽脚类足迹具有尺寸较小(8~13cm),中等中趾前凹(0.5~0.6)和第Ⅱ趾和第Ⅳ趾间较宽趾间角(70°~100°)的特征;少量足迹保存了跖骨垫。初步分析认为,洛甘兽脚类足迹与四川盆地夹关组的兽脚类足迹Eubrontes和Grallator形态类型相似,为两地在白垩纪中期具有类似的恐龙动物群的观点提供了新的证据。该发现对于西昌盆地的古气候、古地理和地层对比都具有重要的意义,足迹详细分类还有待进一步研究。     

鲁西大汶口地区全新世临沂组沉积物粒度分布特征及地质意义

出露于大汶口盆地的临沂组为一套第四系松散堆积物,上部以土黄色、灰黄色含砂质粉砂、粉砂质粘土为主,下部为砂砾石层,是大汶口盆地内河流演化过程中的沉积响应和物质记录。通过对临沂组进行研究,可以反演大汶口盆地第四纪以来的沉积区水动力环境、物质运移方式和沉积环境。该文在区域地质调查工作的基础上,结合粒度分析频率曲线、概率累积曲线、粒度参数和沉积物宏观特征,对临沂组的沉积相、沉积环境和沉积韵律进行了研究。研究表明,大汶口地区临沂组下部为河床亚相边滩沉积微相,上部为河漫亚相河漫滩沉积微相,经历了由简单高能→复杂中能-中低能→简单中低能→复杂中低能的水动力沉积环境变化。另外依据岩石组合特征,将其划分为4个明显的沉积韵律和1个不明显的沉积韵律组。     

中国陆块海相盆地成钾条件与预测研究进展综述

中国古代海相钾盐找矿是一个“久攻不破”的难题,古代海相及海陆交互相盆地能否成钾也是长期争议的问题,也就是中国小陆块能否成钾、成大钾矿的关键问题。为此,本文以板块构造运动为主线,对中国主要小陆块漂移历史、成盆构造、古气候、古地理及海相/海陆交互相蒸发岩沉积特征进行了系统梳理和总结;在此基础上,基于盆地“构造-物源-气候”三要素耦合成钾理论,分析中国小陆块海相盆地成钾条件、成矿机理;同时,总结和借鉴全球海相钾盐成矿标志,建立钾盐成矿评价指标体系。基于这些研究基础,借助对主要陆块的区域构造和古地理特征、物质来源、古气候面貌等恢复及分析,对主要陆块的海相成钾潜力进行评价,同时预测找钾战略靶区。钾盐成矿模式研究表明:兰坪—思茅盆地白垩系、上扬子陆块四川盆地中—下三叠统、华北陆块陕北盆地中奥陶统及塔里木陆块库车盆地古近系等盆地及其层位具有较大的成钾潜力。结合成钾指标对比分析,优选圈定了思茅盆地南部、四川盆地中东部及塔里木的库车盆地等战略靶区内较为明确的重点靶区,可以进一步开展钻探验证。这些研究成果为在中国继续开展海相钾盐成矿研究和找钾提供科学依据。     

三工河流域新老绿洲发育度的比较

绿洲是干旱区最重要的景观单元之一。人工绿洲是在干旱条件下经长期人类活动改造而形成的特殊景观。随着人类对绿洲水土资源开发利用程度的不断加强,绿洲呈现出不同的发展阶段。从天然绿洲到人工绿洲,是人类适应和改造干旱区自然环境的历程。在这一人地相互作用的过程中,绿洲显示出明显的发育演化特征。从多学科综合的角度,提出绿洲发育度的概念,并从灌溉体系的建设状况、水资源的利用水平、植被与生态建设、农业发展程度、社会经济水平和绿洲景观结构等7个方面提出了绿洲发育度的评价指标体系,以天山北坡2个人工绿洲为例,从空间上定量比较2个绿洲的发育程度,其中阜康市绿洲发育度高于222团绿洲(阜北农场)。     

东非裂谷东支South Lokichar盆地石油地质特征及成藏规律

东非裂谷东支由多个盆地组成,South Lokichar是唯一有油气发现的盆地,目前对于该盆地的石油地质特征及成藏规律仍认识不清,严重制约着东非裂谷东支下一步勘探.本文综合利用钻井、地震、岩芯、薄片以及分析化验等资料,对South Lokichar盆地的构造和地层发育特征、关键成藏条件和影响因素以及成藏规律进行详细分析...     

宁芜盆地热液脉型金铜矿床地质特征——以江苏铜井金铜矿床为例

宁芜盆地分布着众多热液成因的脉型金铜矿床,铜井金铜矿床是区内该类矿床的典型矿床.矿体主要呈脉状、似脉状和透镜状赋存于近北北西向压扭性断裂与古火山机构复合部位,具有等距雁行排列的特点.研究表明,铜井金铜矿床先后经历了早期石英硫化物阶段、中期石英硫化物碳酸盐阶段和晚期碳酸盐阶段.矿石中黄铜矿硫同位素δ34S平均为3.63‰,34S/32S平均为22.139,为幔源硫来源.金、铜成矿物质为白垩系娘娘山组碱性玄武安山质岩浆分异演化到晚期分熔的产物,成矿热液沿着压扭性断裂构造上升,在有利的构造空间富集成矿.流体包裹体均一温度为171~253℃,成矿深度为100~400 m.总体上,铜井金铜矿床属与构造-火山活动有关的中浅成热液充填脉型矿床.     

桦甸盆地桦甸组油页岩段地球化学特征及地质意义

桦甸盆地位于敦密断裂带之上,是我国著名的古近纪含油页岩断陷盆地。其中桦甸组油页岩段发育厚层的泥岩沉积。长期以来对该段油页岩特征研究较多,但对其物源区特征和构造背景研究甚少。对油页岩段厚层泥岩进行系统的地球化学分析结果表明：泥岩中w(SiO₂)整体较低,K₂O/Na₂O值较高(大于1),w（MgO+Fe₂O^T₃）为3.91%~11.66%,Al₂O₃/（Na₂O+K₂O）为3.77~6.29,表明泥岩中含有一定的铁镁质组分和较多的稳定组分。微量元素PAAS标准化分配曲线显示不同样品之间元素富集、亏损趋势不一致,同时稀土元素标准化曲线呈现出稀土含量变化较大、轻稀土富集和明显Eu负异常,表明油页岩段沉积时期存在多个物源。泥岩风化蚀变指数为74~82,Th/U值多集中在4.65~6.07,表明泥岩源区经历了相对中等的风化作用。Th/Sc和Zr/Sc值表明泥岩基本受源岩成分控制。由源岩和构造背景判别图解,并结合前人研究资料得知:桦甸盆地油页岩段母岩主要来自于海西期和燕山期花岗岩以及少量的燕山期中酸性喷发岩;源岩形成于大陆边缘造山带,为大陆岛弧火山岩系。     

THE RELATIONSHIP OF THE PRECEDING WINTER MJO ACTIVITIES AND THE SUMMER PRECIPITATION IN YANGTZE-HUAIHE RIVER BASIN OF CHINA

The first two series(RMM1 and RMM2) of RMM Index(all-Season Real-time Multivariate MJO Index) are computed to obtain the interannual variation of the preceding winter(preceding December to current February) MJO strength,according to which active(or inactive) years of preceding winter MJO are divided.By utilizing the data provided by NCEP/NCAR,CMAP and China’s 160 stations from 1979 to 2008,we studied the preceding winter MJO strength and discovered that the summer precipitation in the basin are of significantly negative correlation,i.e.when the preceding winter MJO is relatively active,the summer precipitation in the basin decreases,and vise verse.We also analyzed the causes.When the preceding winter MJO is relatively active,its release of potential heat facilities Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone(ITCZ) to strengthen and locate northward in winter and propagate northeastward.This abnormal situation lasts from winter to summer.In mid-May,ITCZ jumps northward to the South China Sea,the western Pacific subtropical high withdraws eastward,and the South China Sea summer monsoon sets off and strengthens.In summer,ITCZ propagates to South China Sea-subtropical western Pacific,the zonal circulation of subtropical Pacific strengthens,and a local meridional circulation of the South China Sea to the basin area forms,giving rise to the East Asia Pacific teleconnection wave-train.An East Asian monsoon trough and the Meiyu front show opposite features from south to north,the East Asian summer monsoon strengthens and advances northward.As a result,the summer monsoon is weakened as the basin is controlled by the subtropical high continually,with less rain in summer.On the contrary,when the preceding winter MJO is inactive,ITCZ weakens and is located southward,the subtropical high is located southward in summer,and the basin is in a region of ascending airflow with prevailing southwest wind.The East Asian monsoon trough and EASM weaken so that summer monsoon is reduced in the basin where precipitation increases.