Kema terrane: A fragment of a back-arc basin of the early Cretaceous Moneron–Samarga island-arc system, East Sikhote–Alin range, Russian Far East

Abstract The Kema terrane is a suite of Barremian(?)–Aptian to Albian volcano-sedimentary rocks of Sikhote–Alin that are interpreted as deposits of the back-arc basin of the Moneron–Samarga island-arc system. Compositional features of the different-type deposits indicate a near-slope depositional environment influenced by volcanic processes. Studies of slump fold orientation testify to the accumulation of material from southeast to northwest by gravitational sliding. Compositional characteristics of terrigenous rocks suggest the major provenance for detrital material was an ensialic volcanic island arc. Petrochemical characteristics of basaltic rocks indicate that the formations studied were confined to the back part of the arc.     

盆地地史模拟述评

论述了盆地地史模拟的一般研究方法，认为回剥法是现今重建盆地沉积史与构造史最精确的方法详细讨论了地坟实校正、不整合处理和构造沉隆分析等主要数学模型及其适用范围；并在介绍地史模拟研究历史和研究现状的基础上，指出了地史模拟的发展方向。     

深层卤水自喷钻井若干特征的分析

本文以四川盆地中部的L_1井为例,讨论深层卤水自喷钻井卤水产出特征、水文地球化学特征和开采动态特征,并对钻井的测试资料进行分析,预测该钻井的卤水可采资源量。     

柴达木盆地英雄岭地区新生代构造演化动力学特征

通过分析柴达木盆地英雄岭 (YL)地区地质、2D/ 3D地震、遥感、重磁电和钻探等资料 ,提出了喜马拉雅运动几个阶段在该区的构造动力学响应特征。研究认为喜马拉雅运动晚期 ,英雄岭地区西南侧的阿卡腾能山因近SN向的区域挤压作用 ,产生了顺时针方向的旋转及隆升作用 ,从而在干柴沟一带形成了强烈的SE向局部挤压应力场 ,基底大幅隆升 ,而在英雄岭隆起的南侧则产生了局部的拉张构造环境。喜马拉雅山中期运动在该区的主要表现形式就是使古近纪的张扭构造环境转变为新近纪的坳陷构造环境 ,英雄岭西南的阿尔金地区发生隆升作用 ,沉积中心发生向东和向北的迁移。通过分析主干断裂、构造块体和沉积凹陷的分布特征等 ,得出喜马拉雅早期英雄岭及邻区发育局部拉张环境 ,为较为稳定的断陷湖盆发育期 ,沉积了一套优质烃源岩。英雄岭地区潜在勘探领域主要有构造裂缝型圈闭、地层岩性圈闭及渐新世断凸构造圈闭等。     

兰坪盆地演化与成矿特征

兰坪盆地的演化受控于盆地所处的构造背景,经历了中三叠世至早侏罗世的陆内裂谷盆地、中-晚侏罗世的拗陷盆地、白垩纪的前陆盆地、古新世-中新世的走滑盆地。盆内成矿与盆地性质密切相关,陆内裂谷盆地阶段是重要的成矿期,具热水沉积矿床特征;拗陷盆地阶段多形成铜多金属矿床;前陆盆地阶段为喜山期的成矿作了物质准备;走滑盆地阶段,由于推覆构造活动强烈,深部流体和浅部红层中的盆地流体的混合,提供了大量的矿物质,并就位于构造圈闭中,形成如金顶铅锌矿等大型矿床。     

内蒙古西部银根-额济纳旗盆地航磁 异常特征及地质意义

在对银根-额济纳旗(银-额)盆地出露的岩体的磁性特征和航磁异常特征分析的基础上,结合局部重力异常资料和前人在区域地质方面的研究成果,讨论了航磁异常与岩浆岩之间的联系,定量拟合解释了盆地东部地区的一条重磁剖面,进而探讨了岩浆岩的分布规律。研究结果表明,银根-额济纳旗盆地各类岩体磁性分布不均匀,哨马营东南侧的中性岩、银根附近的中性和酸性岩磁性较强,而其它地区出露的岩体的磁性则为弱磁性或无磁性,并且基性岩总体表现为弱磁性;区域磁异常反映了磁性基底的特征,额济纳旗西侧、苏亥图—乌力吉—苏红图一带区域磁力高异常是古元古界深变质岩系的反映,额济纳旗—绿园—特罗西滩—因格井和银根—查干德勒苏一带区域磁力低异常是前二叠系中浅变质岩系的反映;额济纳旗、哨马营北—特罗西滩、苏亥图西—因格井—乌力吉—查干德勒苏一带局部磁力高异常主要由中酸性岩所引起,哨马营—陶勒特—特罗西滩东一带局部磁力高异常主要由中性岩体所引起,绿园—务桃亥—因格井一带局部磁力高异常主要由沉积盖层中磁性物质所引起;区域性大断裂控制着银-额盆地磁性侵入岩的发育。     

羌塘盆地北部马料山侏罗纪布曲组地层古生物及沉积环境

详细描述了羌塘盆地北部乌兰乌拉湖地区马料山侏罗系剖面,将剖面划分为雀莫错组、布曲组和夏里组3个岩石地层单位,其中布曲组出露齐全,化石丰富。根据沉积环境及相对海平面变化规律将布曲组划分为2个沉积层序,并讨论了各体系域特征。依据马料山剖面布曲组的生物组合及分布特征建立了1个双壳类生物组合带即Chlamystipperi-Protocardiastricklandi组合带,并细分为3个组合亚带,其时限为中侏罗世巴通期。     

新疆准噶尔盆地西北部二叠纪玄武岩浆作用流体介质条件:流体化学组成及碳同位素制约

准噶尔盆地西北部深层分布着大量的二叠纪玄武岩,其发育的流体介质条件缺乏系统研究。本文采用二叠纪玄武岩岩心样品,对基质中的流体化学组成和碳同位素组成进行分步加热质谱法分析,结果表明二叠纪玄武岩的流体组成中H_2O的含量极高(平均13789mm3.STP/g),次要组分为CO_2、O_2、H_2S和N2等,CO_2和CH_4的δ~(13)C值(分别为-28.9‰~-15.8‰和-36.8‰~-21.9‰)位于地壳与甲烷氧化来源组分的范围内;CH_4、C_2H_6、C_3H_8和C_4H_(10)等甲烷同系物的碳同位素组成随碳数增高总体具有正序分布特征,400~800℃温度段释出CH_4的δ~(13)C值(-25‰左右)明显重于200~400℃的(-35‰左右),部分样品400~800℃的CH_4-C_3H_8存在碳同位素反序分布的特征,显示幔源流体挥发份特征,其中混入大量的沉积有机质热裂解成因烃类气体,应为俯冲蚀变大洋板片的沉积物脱出流体挥发份。大量的H_2O指示岛弧俯冲的再循环流体的加入,甲烷氧化来源特征的CO_2和CH_4碳同位素组成揭示经历了长期的风化过程,表明相关岩浆作用后遭受长期的抬升。     

华南二叠-三叠系的成因地层序列及古特提斯海重建

总结各类沉积盆地的沉积和地层格架，厘定出６类等时性地层界面和５个级别的成因地层单位，在分析地层界面性质和各类成因地层单位沉积构成的基础上，将华南二叠－三叠系划分为７个沉积幕、３个构造沉积幕和２个沉积盆地域、恢复了华南板块二叠－三叠纪的演化过程，论述了板块构造运动，海平面升降和源区侵蚀作用对各级成因地层单位的控制意义，证明了华南的古特提斯海经历了陆表海和伸展裂谷海两个演化阶段。     

Sediment budget of the Napo River,Amazon basin,Ecuador and Peru

The upstream‐downstream sediment budget along the Napo River (100 520 km², 6300 m³ s^?1) was studied in the Andean foothills of Ecuador, at the west of the Amazon basin. A comparative study was made during four hydrological cycles (2001–2005) for three hydrological stations located upstream, and during one hydrological cycle (2004–2005) for the fourth one located near the mouth of the Napo River (region of Iquitos in Peru). This analysis showed an unusual increase in the concentration of suspended sediment recorded for the western part of the Amazon plain. Like the runoff (81 l s^?1 km²), which is a world's maximum, the erosion rate (1160 t km^?2 year^?1, i.e. 47% of total suspended solid (TSS) export at the exit of Ecuador), one of the highest for a floodplain basin is the result of a stepper slope than in the rest of the Andean foothills, where typically sedimentation phenomena are predominant, and can be explained in part by a greater tectonic activity. Similar phenomenes were evidenced in small mountainous rivers in New Guinea (Milliman and Syvitski, 1992; Milliman, 1995). On the headwaters of the Napo River drainage basin, the tectonic uplift causes the Pastaza Megafan's existence. This progressively diverts the course of Napo River towards north and also provokes the remobilization of fine fluvial deposits. Moreover, this geodynamic trend is completed by the impact of volcanic eruption, earthquakes and landslides. The combination of these phenomena, so common in the region, has provided a large sediment transfer, not only at present but also in the past, as can be confirmed by the presence of incised terraces, mainly formed by volcanic materials. Then, these results were compared with a similar study carried out further south in the Madeira basin at the Bolivian foothills. These studies show the spatio‐temporal variability of the relation between sediment transfer and geodynamic processes at the Andean Piedmont. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.