Paleocene deep-water sediments and radiolarian faunas: Implications for evolution of Yarlung-Zangbo foreland basin, southern Tibet

Only a few Paleocene radiolarian assemblages have been reported, while the Early Paleocene zonal schemes remain poorly delineated. The Early Paleocene on-land radiolarians were described in the Hidaka melange belt of Japan and the North Island of New Zeal…     

珠江口盆地流花碳酸盐台地灰岩坑的地震反射特征及成因探讨

早中新世东沙隆起带上发育了大规模的流花碳酸盐台地,上覆巨厚未固结-弱固结泥岩。基于三维地震数据,利用相干体及可视化等方法,在台地上发现了由溶蚀垮塌作用形成的数量众多的椭圆形的灰岩坑。灰岩坑直径一般为200~700 m,最大超过900 m,深度10~90 m;灰岩坑在地震反射上表现为碳酸盐岩顶部垮塌,并导致上覆泥岩地层塌陷;灰岩坑一般沿NWW向断层分布,这些NWW向断层切割中新世碳酸盐岩和上覆海相泥岩地层,绝大多数终止于T₁₀的不整合面。综合分析东沙海区构造和沉积过程认为：发生在晚中新世末期的东沙运动形成了NWW向张扭性断层,为酸性流体提供了运移通道和物质交换场所;东沙运动伴生的基底岩浆活动可能产生了酸性热液流体;东沙运动末期发生强烈的构造抬升和大规模海底暴露,造成地表水沿断层注入,加快了碳酸盐岩的溶蚀速率。在台地底部珠海组砂岩层的高压流体、地表水和岩浆活动可能产生的酸性热液流体的共同溶蚀作用下,碳酸盐岩地层内部产生溶洞,并且越来越大,最终顶部无法承载上覆巨厚泥岩而发生垮塌,形成灰岩坑。流花碳酸盐台地灰岩坑的形成不是简单的暴露溶蚀,而是构造活动影响下深埋藏溶蚀作用的产物。     

油气和含油气包裹体及其在油气地质地球化学研究中的意义

本文在综合前人研究的基础上，结合笔者的工作经验，提出了一个实用的油气和含油气包裹体分类方案，详细论述了各类油气和含油气包裹体的相态、组成和均一温度特征。在同一油气藏，均一温度越高，油相包裹体中的气态烃和挥发份的含量也越高。依据油相包裹体的均一温度的变化及其与同生水溶液包裹体的均一温度的关系可以研究油气藏在充填过程中油气组成，特别是气态烃和挥发份含量的演变。进而可以研究油气藏的油源--生油岩的类型和热演化程度。本文评述了依据油相包裹体和同生水溶液包裹体ＰＶＴ相图推断其捕获温度和压力范围的有效性和局限性。最后讨论了各类油气和含油气包裹体的成因机制及其在油气地质和地球化学研究中的意义。     

Syn-rift to post-rift tectonic transition and drainage reorganization in continental rifting basins: Detrital zircon analysis from the Songliao Basin,NE China

Tectonic transition from a syn-rift stage to subsequent post-rift stage is an important mechanism in the evolution of extensional basins. The sedimentary infill records the crustal response to this process. We have obtained new detrital zircon U-Pb and Lu-Hf signatures from the Lower Cretaceous stratigraphic successions encompassing the commonly accepted syn- to post-rift transition boundary, the T4 unconformity, in the Songliao Basin, NE China. These constrain the Songliao Basin’s evolution from its center to distal margins, providing insights into the sediment provenance and dispersal pattern over the tectonic transition. Analysis of zircons from the syn-rift (the Shahezi and Yingcheng formations) and immediate post-rift (the Lower and Middle Denglouku Formation) stages reveals Phanerozoic age populations with positive ?_Hf(t) values, which were derived from the proximal juvenile mantle-derived melt origin bedrocks of the Songliao Block. In contrast, the overlying samples from the Upper Denglouku Formation deposited in the subsequent post-rift stage contain exotic and ancient zircon populations with ages of 2.5 Ga & 1.8 Ga and complex hafnium signatures, characteristic of a mixed origin. These are interpreted to be transported from distant cratonic terranes via larger drainage networks. It is obvious that the sediment dispersal pattern switched from being a local and hydrologically closed “intraregional” pattern to a “transcontinental” pattern during the transition. The time lag between the development of the T4 unconformity and the drainage reorganization also ensures a distinguishable ～3 Myr (106103 Ma, Late Albian) transition period of regional extent. During this transition stage, syn-rift faulting was replaced by post-rift thermal subsidence, exhibiting a uniform sag configuration. Our new findings are important for understanding other continental rift basins during syn- to post-rift transition, which often demonstrates a complex interaction between the linkage and integration of sub-basins, and the reorganization of fluvial drainages and catchment systems.     

兰坪盆地三类主要铜银多金属矿床的稳定同位素地球化学

通过对兰坪盆地内三种主要成因类型（沉积-热液改造型、热水沉积-热液改造型和热液脉型）的铜银多金属矿床硫、碳、氢、氧同位素的研究,揭示了成矿作用过程的某些重要信息：矿石中的硫主要来自细菌还原的海水硫酸盐,但在沉积-热液改造型矿床中可能还有部分有机生物硫和深源火山硫的贡献;碳主要来自不同比值水/岩反应体系中碳酸盐岩地层的溶解结果,但在沉积-热液改造型矿床中还可能有深部地幔去气作用带来的CO2.成矿流体系以大气降水为主要补给源的盆地建造水,盆地建造水的运移成矿过程中可能伴有较为明显的蒸发作用.     

定向羽状水平井在晋南沁水盆地煤层气开发应用中存在的问题

定向羽状水平井是指通过定向井、多分支水平井技术,由地面垂直向下钻至造斜点后以中、小曲率半径侧斜钻进目的煤层主水平井,再从主井两侧不同位置水平侧钻分支井,进而形成像羽毛状的多分支水平井。这一技术是一项复杂的系统工程,目前在中国煤层气领域还处在研究和试验阶段,尚未形成一系列成熟的工艺与技术。只有通过对国内现有的定向井、分支井、水平井钻井技术,井眼轨迹精确控制技术和煤储层保护技术进行整合,吸收国外的先进技术和管理经验,并进行实际工程研究和试验,将各种技术进行优化组合,逐步积累经验,不断地完善,最终才能形成一整套适合于中国煤层气地质特征的多分支羽状水平井技术。     

祁连山及邻区第四纪地层区划与沉积序列

在前人资料和野外勘查的基础上对祁连山及邻区贵德盆地、循化—化隆盆地、同仁盆地、西宁盆地、门源盆地、临夏盆地、兰州盆地、定西盆地、天水盆地、肃北盆地、酒泉盆地、玉门盆地、张掖盆地、武威盆地、哈拉湖盆地、苏里盆地、木里盆地、民和盆地、共和盆地、青海湖盆地及柴达木等20余个盆地的第四纪地层进行了研究。以祁连山第四纪构造地貌演化、盆地沉积序列、古生物及古气候特征为地层分区依据,对祁连山及邻区第四纪地层进行了地层分区,并对部分地层名称做了厘定或统一。祁连山及邻区第四纪沉积特征总体为东部(主要为陇中地区)黄土分布广泛,堆积了世界上最厚的黄土地层;北部(河西走廊地区)冲洪积扇堆积及风沙发育;南部(柴北盆地)以冲洪积-湖积为主,晚更新世以来发育风成沙及黄土;共和盆地由湖泊转向冲积扇和风沙沉积;青海湖盆延续至今;中西部高山及山间盆地冰碛、冰水堆积以及河流阶地堆积发育。根据上述特征及划分原则,将祁连山及邻区第四纪地层区划分为:兰州—西宁地层区,贵德地层区,酒泉—张掖地层区,柴北地层区,共和地层区,青海湖地层区及肃北—门源地层区。     

塔里木北部周缘前陆盆地早二叠世快速迁移与沉积相突变:俯冲板片拆沉的响应

塔里木北部周缘前陆盆地发育于泥盆纪末至早三叠世期间,完整地记录了南天山造山带的发育过程。该盆地在早二叠世由复理石盆地转化为磨拉石盆地,同时发生快速南移。同期幔源物质加入,有山根地壳熔融的岩浆活动、南天山造山带的整体隆升、热液成矿作用集中发育和变形、变质作用的激化使俯冲岩片的拆沉成为盆地转化与迁移的最佳机制。相同的转化过程及深部机制在其他造山带中也明显存在,表明俯冲岩片拆沉是造山作用一个不可或缺的环节。     

贵州晴隆锑矿稀土元素特征与成因探讨

对晴隆锑矿含矿层及围岩的稀土元素地球化学特征研究表明,其ΣREE变化较大,但REE配分模式较固定,以明显的负Ce异常、Eu正异常、分配曲线相对平缓为特征。对比该区玄武岩的稀土配分模式图后发现,两者差异较大。结合镜下岩(矿)石的结构和矿物组合特征以及野外实际资料,认为锑等矿质元素是盆地流体通过花鱼井、雷钵硐等NE向的深大断裂运移,由于氧化还原、温度和压力等物理化学条件的改变,沉积赋存于大厂层中。     

Putative Meteoritic Craters in Río Cuarto (Central Argentina) Interpreted as Eolian Structures

Ten oblong aligned depressions in the Río Cuarto area (provincia de Córdoba, Argentina) were supposed to be the result of very-low-angle Holocene meteoroid impacts. However, we consider that authors that studied the structures did not demonstrated their extraterrestrial origin. We suggest that an eolian origin for the structures of Río Cuarto is more likely. Actually, these landforms integrate large systems of similar deflation/accumulation geoforms aligned according to predominant winds during different periods.