A new species of Platanus from the Cenomanian(Upper Cretaceous) in eastern Heilongjiang,China

The stratigraphic division and sequence of the Upper Cretaceous sediments in eastern Heilongjiang Province,China,have been ambiguous and controversial,mainly due to a lack of biostratigraphically useful fossils and related radiometric dating.A new species of angiospermous fossil plant.Platanus heilongjiangensis sp.nov.,from Qitaihe in eastern Heilongjiang has been found in sediments conformably above which zircons from a rhyolitic tuff has been dated by U-Pb radiometric methods as 96.2± 1.7 Ma.indicating that the Upper Houshigou Formation is of Cenomanian age.This discovery not only provides new data to improve our stratigraphic understanding of the Houshigou Formation,but also shows that Platanus flourished in the early Late Cretaceous floras of the region.This new study also indicates active volcanism taking place in the eastern Heilongjiang region during the Cenomanian of the Late Cretaceous.     

A new formation process for calcic pendants from Pahranagat Valley, Nevada, USA, and implication for dating Quaternary landforms

It has been assumed that soil pendants form in a similar manner as stalactites, in which innermost laminae are the oldest and outer laminae are the youngest. This study presents a new interpretation for soil pendant development. Pahranagat Valley, Nevada, pendants contain features indicating continued precipitation through time at the clast–pendant contact, implying that the oldest deposits are not always found at the pendant–clast contact, as other studies have assumed. These features include a void at the clast–pendant contact where minerals such as calcium carbonate, silica, and/or fibrous silicate clays precipitate. In addition, fragments of the parent clast and detrital grains are incorporated into the pendant and are displaced and/or dissolved and result in the formation of sepiolite. This study indicates that pendants are complex, open systems that during and after their formation undergo chemical changes that complicate their usefulness for dating and paleoenvironmental analyses.     

滇西南新生代走滑断裂运动学、年代学、及对青藏高原东南部块体运动的意义

依据走滑断裂的运动学和年代学,确认滇西腾冲地区新生代大型走滑断裂带变形作用的三个阶段:1)始新世初(54-56Ma),在槟榔江两岸出露的与新特提斯俯冲和两大陆碰撞相关的左旋走滑-逆冲断裂,由此推断腾冲地块西缘南北向展布格局是两大陆碰撞后发生顺时针旋转达90°的结果.2)渐新世-中新世,腾冲地块东缘的高黎贡右旋走滑断裂和西缘的那邦右旋走滑断裂存在两个走滑活动的峰期:24-19Ma和11-14Ma,早期与Tapponnier模式中挤出块体东边界红河-哀牢山左旋走滑断裂活动的时限相一致,指示高黎贡和那邦右旋走滑断裂在此时期是挤出的印支地块的西边界;晚期与安达曼海的扩张、缅甸境内实皆断裂的右旋活动相一致,可能是此期地块再次发生挤出的结果.3)中新世末,约5-8Ma间两大陆的进一步会聚,引起了腾冲地区岩石圈结构的重要变化,腾冲地块发生了向南的挤出和顺时针的旋转,促成了一系列与此前右旋走滑相关的盆地的折返和南北向凹陷盆地的形成,制约了腾冲火山岩的喷发和整个地区的快速抬升.腾冲地块及其周缘新生代断裂带多阶段运动的转换对揭示青藏高原东南部块体运动型式具有重要的研究意义.     

米仓山-汉南隆起白垩纪以来的剥露作用：磷灰石(U-Th)/He年龄记录

对米仓山南江-南郑剖面上的13个花岗岩类样品进行了磷灰石(U-Th)/He测年和剥露速率计算,分析过程综合考虑了样品冷却速率、晶体大小等因素对磷灰石(U-Th)/He封闭温度的影响和地形起伏、岩体热传导、热对流及放射性元素生热等因素对地温场的影响.研究表明,米仓山南部沉积变形区自~50 Ma以来发生快速剥露 (剥露速率为~70 m/Ma),新生代以来的剥蚀量超过了3 km;中部光雾山杂岩体记录了~90 Ma时一次快速剥露事件(剥露速率>75 m/Ma);北部汉南隆起区~100 Ma以前以快速剥露为特点,平均剥露速率>40 m/Ma,此后转为缓慢剥露.整个米仓山-汉南隆起区在90~50 Ma基本处于缓慢剥露状态,平均剥露速率仅有10~25 m/Ma.     

Dating of the Dome Fuji shallow ice core based on a record of volcanic eruptions from AD 1260 to AD 2001

We measured the concentration of non-sea-salt sulfate () in the Dome Fuji shallow ice core (Antarctica) from the surface to 40 m depth with the aim of dating the core with reference to the record of volcanic eruptions. Three huge spikes related to large-scale volcanic eruptions were detected at depths of 12.5, 29.9, and 38.8 m, correlated to the eruptions of Tambora (AD 1815), Kuwae (AD 1452) and an unknown event (AD 1259), respectively. We identified another nine spikes related to accurately dated eruption events. The shallow ice core was dated from AD 1260 to AD 2001 based on these 12 eruption events and the assumption of constant annual snow accumulation in the periods between eruption events. The results yield a maximum correction of ∼20 years compared with the dating proposed in a previous study. The annual accumulation varied within ±∼15% of the average water equivalent value over the study period (25.5 mm).     

云南大理点苍山地区更新世晚期沉积地层的ESR测年研究

本文采用电于自旋共振（ESR）方法测定了云南点苍山地区更新世晚期沉积地层的形成年代。测年结果显示；（1）点苍山地区冰川沉积物的ESR年龄均小于140．35KaBP，说明该地区的第四纪冰川作用最早出现于中更新世晚期，主要发生于晚更新世；（2）点苍山西麓平坡附近最高一级基座阶地的堆积时代为184．3KaBP，证明西洱河阶地系列为中更新世以来的产物；（3）点苍山东侧白雀寺地区深3．7m处的褐红色地展形成的ESR年龄为12218KaBP，揭示出该地层形成于深海氧同位素5e阶段所代表的一个温热气候时期。     

Cenozoic Magmatism and Tectonic Framework of Western Yunnan, China: Constrained from Geochemistry, Sr–Nd–Pb Isotopes and Fission Track Dating

Western Yunnan is composed of several extruded continental microblocks that were generated by the oblique collision between the Indian and Asian continents during the Cenozoic. In this study, the magmatic and tectonic frameworks of western Yunnan in the Cenozoic were analyzed based on geochemistry, Sr–Nd–Pb isotopes, and apatite/zircon fission track dating. Magmatism during the Cenozoic in western Yunnan was then divided into three distinctive episodes: alkali granite rocks produced from 55 to 46 Ma were derived from the anatexis of crustal materials; bimodal igneous rocks formed between 37 and 24 Ma were possibly derived from an EMII mantle with a contribution from continental materials; and intermediate–basic volcanic rocks produced in the Tengchong microblocks since ~16 Ma are considered to be generated by the partial melting of the upper mantle that was induced by the pulling apart of the dextral Gaoligong strike–slip fault system. Moreover, fission track analysis of apatite and zircon indicates that the regional crustal uplift in western Yunnan possibly began at ~34 Ma, with accelerated annealing occurring at ~24 Ma, ~13 Ma, and ~4 Ma. During the past 24 Ma, the average denudation rate was ~0.32 mm/yr for the faulted block controlled by the Chongshan–Lancang River fault. However, crustal uplift has been relatively gentle in places lacking influence from strike–slip shear zones, with an average denudation rate of ~0.2 mm/yr. Combined with strike–slip shear and block rotation in the Cenozoic, the tectonic evolution of western Yunnan since ~45 Ma can thus be divided into four stages occurring at 45–37 Ma, 37–24 Ma, 24–13 Ma, and 13–0 Ma.     

Anthropogenic radionuclides in the water column and a sediment core from the Alboran Sea: application to radiometric dating and reconstruction of historical water column radionuclide concentrations

Global fallout is the main source of anthropogenic radionuclides in the Mediterranean Sea. This work presents ¹³⁷Cs, ^239+240Pu and ²⁴¹Am concentrations in the water column in the southwest Alboran Sea, which was sampled in December 1999. A sediment core was taken at 800 m depth in the area (35°47′ N, 04°48′ W). ²¹⁰Pb, ²²⁶Ra, ¹³⁷Cs and ^239+240Pu specific activities were measured at multiple depths in the core for dating purposes. ¹³⁷Cs and ^239+240Pu profiles did not show defined peaks that could be used as time markers, and they extended up to depths for which the ²¹⁰Pb-based constant rate of supply (CRS) dating model provided inconsistent dates. These profiles can be useful to test dating models, understood as particular solutions of a general advection–diffusion problem, if the time series of radionuclide inputs into the sediment is provided. Thus, historical records of depth-averaged ¹³⁷Cs and ^239+240Pu concentrations in water, and their corresponding fluxes into the sediment, were reconstructed. A simple water-column model was used for this purpose, involving atmospheric fallout, measured distribution coefficient (k _d) values, and a first-estimate of sedimentation rates. A dating model of constant mixing with constant sedimentation rate was applied successfully to three independent records (unsupported ²¹⁰Pb, ¹³⁷Cs and ^239+240Pu), and provided the objective determination of mixing parameters and mass sedimentation rate. These results provide some insight into the fate of atmospheric inputs to this marine environment and, particularly, into the contribution from the Chernobyl accident.     

硫化物Rb-Sr同位素定年研究进展

针对金属矿床成矿年代确定混乱的问题,国内外许多矿床学家和同位素地球化学家对金属矿物常规同位素定年方法进行了有益的探索研究,尤其是对于矿石矿物以闪锌矿、方铅矿和黄铁矿为主的铅锌矿床,硫化物矿物Rb-Sr同位素定年方法显示出了其独特的优势。结合近几年开展的工作,总结国内外硫化物Rb-Sr同位素定年研究取得的成果、闪锌矿中Rb、Sr的赋存状态与定年机理以及定年适应性问题。采用闪锌矿Rb-Sr同位素组成数据拟合成等时线源自热液流体与闪锌矿之间Rb和Sr的不同分异作用,但并不是所有的闪锌矿均适合该定年技术。要成功获得年龄,需结合野外地质特征采集代表性的矿石样品,并在镜下鉴定基础上挑选合适的单矿物;在分析测试过程中,需尽可能去除次生包裹体和粘土矿物。     

含有普通锇的辉钼矿Re-Os同位素定年研究

通过大量数据统计,表明较高比例的辉钼矿中存在普通锇。普通锇可能以类质同像形式存在于辉钼矿样品中,理论上辉钼矿中可能含有较高含量普通锇。辉钼矿样品含有较高含量普通锇可能对Re-Os定年结果产生很大影响,从原理上并结合实例证实了普通锇含量对辉钼矿Re-Os年龄影响程度。对于一般辉钼矿样品来讲,如果187Os总量(放射成因187Os与非放射成因187Os之和)与普通锇比值小于20,需要考虑普通锇对Re-Os模式年龄的影响,并提出了对于含有普通锇辉钼矿模式年龄的计算方法。先做出187Os/188Os-187Re/188Os等时线,求得初始187Os/188Os值,再根据初始187Os/188Os值和单个样品的普Os含量求得非放射成因的普Os中187Os的量。最后根据Re含量以及放射成因187Os含量得到模式年龄。