Research on Wide-field Imaging Techniques for Low-frequency Radio Arraytwo

Wide-field imaging of low-frequency radio telescopes is subject to a number of difficult problems. One particularly pernicious problem is the non-coplanar baseline effect. It will lead to distortion of the final image when the phase of $w$-direction called $w$-term is ignored. The image degradation effects are amplified for the telescopes with a wide field of view. This paper summarizes and analyzes several $w$-term correction methods and their technical principles. Their advantages and disadvantages are analyzed after comparing their computational cost and computational complexity. We conduct simulations with two of these methods, i.e., faceting and $w$-projection, based on the configuration of the first-phase Square Kilometre Array (SKA) low-frequency array. The resulted images are also compared with the result of the two-dimensional Fourier transform method. The results show that the image quality and correctness derived from both faceting and $w$-projection are better than the two-dimensional Fourier transform method in wide-field imaging. The effects of the number of facets and the $w$-direction step length on the image quality and running time are evaluated. The results indicate that the number of facets and the $w$-direction step length must be reasonable. Finally, we analyze the effect of data size on the running times of the faceting and $w$-projection algorithms. The results show that the faceting and $w$-projection algorithms need to be optimized before the huge amount of data processing. The research of the present paper initiates the analysis of wide-field imaging techniques and their applications in the existing and future low-frequency arrays, and will foster their applications in even broader fields.     

数字地震仪记录近震震级范围估算

本文根据地震数据采集器位数,推算数字地震记录系统的动态范围,计算数字地震仪记录近震震级范围,分析如何提高数字地震仪记录最大近震震级范围。     

多种地震仪器标定数据综合处理系统

本文概略介绍了“多种地震仪器标定数据综合处理系统”的研制目的、主要技术内空及编程中遇到的问题和解决方法,认为用该系统对测震仪、水氡仪、核旋仪的标定、比测数据处理既可以提高标定结果的精度,又可将此项工作规范化、微机化、所以这套系统的实施对整个地震观测及地震分析预报质量的提高有着重要作用。     

无线电波透视在煤矿中的应用现状和研究方向

自70年代以来,无线电波透视技术在探查矿井地质小构造中先后解决了仪器防爆、探测距离、井下金属导体干扰、数据采集及资料处理、通讯联络等技术问题;今后必须对仪器性能、探测方法、资料处理、基础理论、实验室等方面加强研究,提高其探测精度,扩展其应用范围,使该技术在煤矿安全生产和矿井通讯等领域发挥更重要的作用。      

分米波毫秒级太阳射电爆发的几个形态

介绍使用１０ｍ天线上２１ｃｍ波段ｍｓ级连续快速记录系统,观测到分米波太阳射电快速活动的几种形态、特征、尖峰辐射及其共生现象。     

中国大陆地壳形变GNSS站网简述及数据产品应用现状

自20世纪80年代中期以来,GNSS技术在高精度地壳运动观测与构造形变研究中取得了丰硕的成果,为大地测量、地球动力学研究和防震减灾等诸多领域的业务深化和应用拓展提供了强大的技术支撑。本文在回顾中国大陆地壳形变GNSS站网发展历程的基础上,阐述该网络产出的中国大陆长期构造运动速度场、中国大陆应变率场、位移时间序列、基线时间序列和多边形应变时间序列等几类基础产品,分析这些产品在中国大陆构造运动动态趋势和地震预测分析中的应用情况以及所面临的瓶颈问题,最后展望未来GNSS在高精度地壳运动监测应用中的发展方向。以中国大陆构造环境监测网络为基础,大力推进国内海量GNSS观测数据的共享,提升GNSS多系统融合定位精度,将产出更为精细的科学产品,更好地服务于中国大陆地壳运动和地震预测分析等研究。     

The role of visual saliency in the automation of seismic interpretation

In this paper, we propose a workflow based on SalSi for the detection and delineation of geological structures such as salt domes. SalSi is a seismic attribute designed based on the modelling of human visual system that detects the salient features and captures the spatial correlation within seismic volumes for delineating seismic structures. Using this attribute we cannot only highlight the neighbouring regions of salt domes to assist a seismic interpreter but also delineate such structures using a region growing method and post‐processing. The proposed delineation workflow detects the salt‐dome boundary with very good precision and accuracy. Experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed workflow on a real seismic dataset acquired from the North Sea, F3 block. For the subjective evaluation of the results of different salt‐dome delineation algorithms, we have used a reference salt‐dome boundary interpreted by a geophysicist. For the objective evaluation of results, we have used five different metrics based on pixels, shape, and curvedness to establish the effectiveness of the proposed workflow. The proposed workflow is not only fast but also yields better results as compared with other salt‐dome delineation algorithms and shows a promising potential in seismic interpretation.     

地震数据处理系统Earthworm在福建地震预警系统项目中的应用

本文介绍了USGS（美国地质勘探局）开发的Earthworm系统在福建地震预警系统项目中的应用。该系统为开源软件,由C语言编写,由不同模块组建而成,每个模块实现不同的功能,主要包括数据接收模块、P波拾取模块、地震定位报告产出模块、地震事件图件绘制模块、地震波存储容器等。同时,用户可以根据自己的需求编写相应的功能模块。文章对该系统的应用进行了介绍,内容包括Earthworm系统的组织架构、业务流程、软件模块的主要功能搭建与配置及软件模块之间的逻辑关系等,目的在于介绍该系统的架构方法与使用心得,促进该系统在地震行业内得到应用与推广。     

浅地层剖面探测技术及应用

浅地层剖面技术是应用声学原理高效获取海底面之下浅部地质地球物理信息的探测技术,主要应用于海底浅地层信息探测和海底特殊目标调查等方面。以往研究者主要集中在浅地层剖面的具体应用,未对不同类型的浅剖应用效果进行综合对比分析,本文比较4种不同类型浅地层剖面系统的组成、工作方式和探测技术参数,认为不同尺度的探测目标需要应用不同类型的浅地层剖面系统。分析和对比不同震源类型浅剖的应用案例,发现电火花震源穿透能力最强,分辨率随工作频率的增大而提高;电磁式震源穿透深度与分辨率适中;压电换能器震源分辨率较高,穿透能力弱;参量阵震源利用差频原理,信号中包含高频与低频两部分,能够同时得到较高的分辨率与较大的穿透深度。未来浅地层剖面探测技术向深穿透、高分辨率、高效率、二维向三维甚至高维探测方面发展。     

The development of radio astronomy

Following the detection of extraterrestrial radio waves in 1932 by Karl Jansky, radio astronomy developed quickly after World War II. It established itself soon as a new branch of astronomy with today's outstanding record in the detection of new phenomena in space. These have been honoured by a number of Nobel prizes. Radio astronomy largely depends on technical developments in receiver technology, antenna systems, electronics and computing power. Ever shorter wavelengths down to the submm‐wavelength range became accessible, resulting in new exciting discoveries. However, now and in future care must be taken, in particular for the lower frequency range, of harmful man‐made interferences, which might mask the weak signals from space. New international facilities with orders‐of‐magnitude higher sensitivity like ALMA and SKA are planned or under construction. Space‐borne observatories like PLANCK will detect weak fluctuations of the cosmic microwave background, which will constrain cosmological models with an unprecedented accuracy.