Kansas energy,environment, and conservation: a geological overview

The State of Kansas, as an energy-producing and agriculture-based state, faces problems in production of natural resources and potential pollution from their production. To coordinate information on the exploration, production, and use of coal, nuclear, petroleum, natural gas, hydro, wind, geothermal, coalbed methane, biofuel, solar, and other energy resources, the Kansas Energy Council and the University of Kansas Energy Research Center were created. Water, surface and subsurface, is the other important and maybe the most important natural resource in the welfare of the state. To ease the problems of contamination, situations are monitored by regulatory agencies: the Kansas Corporation Commission, Kansas Department of Health and Environment, and Division of Water Resources of the Kansas Department of Agriculture. The Kansas Geological Survey (KGS) at the University of Kansas serves as the archive for energy and natural resource data and conducts research pertinent to the exploration and exploitation of mineral resources, including energy and water. The Kansas Energy Research Center coordinates and supports energy activities. The Kansas Water Office and the staff for the Kansas Water Authority are charged with water planning and preparing reports on water problems and possible solutions. The cost of preserving the environment in a relatively pristine state really is of no concern considering the possible consequences; living conditions should be preserved to assure future generations, a suitable, sustainable, stable environment. With all the dire predictions for the future and energy-producing and pollution problems, Kansas is a model state in this modern industrial age for protecting the environment and is a leader in conservation.

Photometric calibration of the LASCO-C2 coronagraph for Solar System objects

We present a photometric calibration of the SOHO/LASCO-C2 coronagraph appropriate to Solar System objects based on the extensive analysis of all stars down to magnitude V=8 which transited its field-of-view during the past nine years of operation (1996-2004). An automatic procedure was developed to analyze some 143,000 images, and to detect, locate and measure those stars. Aperture photometry was performed using three different aperture sizes and the zero points of the photometric transformations between the LASCO-C2 magnitudes for its three filters (orange, blue and red) and the standard V magnitudes were determined after introducing a correction for the color of the stars. The calibration coefficients for the surface photometry of extended sources were then derived from the zero points. An analysis of their temporal evolution indicates a slight decrease of the sensitivity of LASCO-C2 at a rate of ∼0.7% per year.     

Cost and value of multidisciplinary fixed-point ocean observatories

Sustained ocean observations are crucial to understand both natural processes occurring in the ocean and human influence on the marine ecosystems. The information they provide increases our understanding and is therefore beneficial to the society as a whole because it contributes to a more efficient use and protection of the marine environment, upon which human livelihood depends. In addition the oceans, which occupy 73% of the planet surface and host 93% of the biosphere, play a massive role in controlling the climate. Eulerian or fixed-point observatories are an essential component of the global ocean observing system as they provide several unique features that cannot be found in other systems and are therefore complementary to them. In addition they provide a unique opportunity for multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary work, combining physical, chemical and biological observations on several time scales. The fixed-point open ocean observatory network (FixO3) integrates the 23 European open ocean fixed-point observatories in the Atlantic Ocean and in the Mediterranean Sea. The programme also seeks to improve access to key installations and the knowledge they provide for the wider community, from scientists, to businesses, to civil society. This paper summarises the rationale behind open ocean observatories monitoring the essential ocean variables. It also provides an estimate of the costs to operate a typical fixed-point observatory such as those included in the FixO3 network. Finally an assessment of the type of data and services provided by ocean observations and their value to society is also given.     

一种矢量GIS数据模型及其关系数据结构

提出一种适合于多值矢量图的ＧＩＳ数据模型（包括图形数据模型和属性数据模型）。该模型既适合于关系数据库结构，也适合于面向对象数据库结构。根据该模型设计了一种基于关系数据库模型珠图形与属性一体化数据结构。该模型和结构既适用于二维图，也适用于数字地面模型（ＤＴＭ）。该数据结构已应用于ＧＩＳ软件（ＧＩＳＩＤ）中，效果很好。     

Electronic acquisition of hydrologic data from intensively instrumented hillslopes

A new concept in recording data from a large network of transducers in the field is described. Each transducer is equipped with an addressable switching unit enabling parallel connection by a single four wire cable and sequential interrogation from a micro-computer controlled data logger. A simple water level transducer suitable for both large stilling wells and piezometers, which returns an audio frequency signal with pulse width proportional to water level, is described. The use of audio frequency signals enables telephone grade circuits to be used and avoids many of the problems associated with direct current signals, whether current or voltage, commonly used at present. A field installation of 30 piezometers, a tipping bucket raingauge, a weir-stage recorder and logger controlled water sampler is described and examples given of the data collected from a single piezometer transect during a major storm event.     

数据仓库基础上的辅助决策应饪——指挥监测中心桌面系统简介

指挥监测中心桌面系统是建立在数据仓库基础上,以Business Objects XI作为项目开发运行平台,专门为领导决策服务的定制系统,实现预警、监督、查询等功能,重点是实现主要关注指标的实时监测。     

用摄影测量方法获取大比例尺数字地面模型数据的在线质量控制

在本文中,用实验的方法确定了由取样数据再建地形表面的误差和取样间隔之间的线性关系。正是这一关系的简单性和稳定性,为数字地面模型数据扶取的在线质量控制提供了一个可靠的方案。     

姑山铁矿GPS控制网数据处理与分析

本文介绍了姑山铁矿建立CPS控制网的工作:控制网布设;基线质量统计;三维无约束平差;二维约束平差。成果各项指标达到或超过设计要求,该GPS控制网成果已通过有关单位组织的专家鉴定投入实际生产使用,并为今后GPS测量技术在矿山控制测量中的应用提供了一个范例。     

基于广义高斯模型的SAR幅度图像震害检测

本文以2008年5月12日汶川地震前后的星载ALOS 合成孔径雷达图像作为数据源, 利用广义高斯分布模型作为差异图像中变化类和未变化类的分布模型, 在假设变化和未变化像元服从广义高斯分布的条件下, 估计变化和未变化像元的概率密度参数, 采用KI算法计算最佳分割阈值并提取变化区域。 以都江堰地区为例, 自动检测这次地震导致的地表变化, 快速圈定一些变化差异较大的区域。 研究表明, 该变化检测算法能较准确地描述差异影像的分布, 能够在地震灾害提取中发挥作用。