瓦里关温室气体本底研究的主要进展

由于温室气体浓度显著增长及其在气候与环境变化中的作用,国际上众多的科学计划和观测体系都把它们的时空分布、源汇及趋势列为重要内容,获得的各种资料在评价人类活动对气候和环境的影响及有关对策研究中起着关键作用.文章阐述了在中国内陆本底地区开展温室气体长期、定点观测的意义和必要性,系统地讨论了10多年来中国瓦里关本底站温室气体本底研究的主要进展.利用瓦里关经严格国际比对和质量控制的大气C02、CH4长期观测资料,结合同期的地面风资料进行统计分析,建立了瓦里关大气C02和CH4本底资料筛选方法;利用本底观测资料,研究了瓦里关大气CO2及其δ13C、CH4和CO本底变化及源汇特征所体现的亚洲内陆地域特点和全球代表性,并进一步与同期、同纬度海洋边界层参比值(MBL)以及北半球其他6个大气本底站同期观测数据对比分析,发现了瓦里关大气CH4和CO独特的季节变化并探讨了成因;根据空气团后向轨迹簇所途经的下垫面源汇同观测的大气CO2和CH4浓度变化之间的关系,探讨了瓦里关大气CO2和CH4的输送来源;利用Hysplit-4扩散与输送模式,计算了冬、夏典型月份人为源和自然生态系统源汇对瓦里关大气CO2浓度变化的贡献.并在现有基础上,提出了有待进一步解决的科学问题.     

模糊嵌套多级中值滤波方法及其在地震数据处理中的应用

多级中值滤波器在地震数据处理应用中,其滤波长度越大,消噪效果越好,但同时也会破坏有效信息. 如果为了保护有效信息而减少滤波长度,又会造成大量的噪声不能消除. 本文提出一种新的模糊嵌套多级中值滤波器,设计一个阀值作为判断参数,使滤波器能够在消除随机噪声时采用长滤波器滤波,而在保留有效信息时采用短滤波器滤波,从而既能很好地消除随机噪声,又能最大限度地保护有效信息,保留有效信息的细节结构. 经过模型分析和实际资料处理都取得了很好的效果.     

常州龙城大桥荷载试验

通过对龙城大桥桥梁静载的测试、记录与分析,得出桥梁结构在荷载试验作用下的实际工作状态,进而评定桥梁结构的施工质量和使用状况。通过对测量数据的计算结果和沉降关系曲线及技术指标与技术参数的分析,最终确定桥梁是否符合设计及相关规范标准的要求。     

The measure and characteristics of spatial-temporal evolution of China’s science and technology resource allocation efficiency

According to the connotation and structure of science and technology resources and some relevant data of more than 286 cities at prefecture level and above during 2001-2010, using modified method—Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), science and technology (S&T) resource allocation efficiency of different cities in different periods has been figured out, which, uncovers the distributional difference and change law of S&T resource allocation efficiency from the time-space dimension. Based on that, this paper has analyzed and discussed the spatial distribution pattern and evolution trend of S&T resource allocation efficiency in different cities by virtue of the Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis (ESDA). It turned out that: (1) the average of S&T resource allocation efficiency in cities at prefecture level and above has always stayed at low levels, moreover, with repeated fluctuations between high and low, which shows a decreasing trend year by year. Besides, the gap between the East and the West is widening. (2) The asymmetrical distribution of S&T resource allocation efficiency presents a spatial pattern of successively decreasing from Eastern China, Central China to Western China. The cities whose S&T resource allocation efficiency are at higher level and high level take on a cluster distribution, which fits well with the 23 forming urban agglomerations in China. (3) The coupling degree between S&T resource allocation efficiency and economic environment assumes a certain positive correlation, but not completely the same. The differentiation of S&T resource allocation efficiency is common in regional development, whose existence and evolution are directly or indirectly influenced by and regarded as the reflection of many elements, such as geographical location, the natural endowment and environment of S&T resources and so on. (4) In the perspective of the evolution of spatial structure, S&T resource allocation efficiency of the cities at prefecture level and above shows a notable spatial autocorrelation, which in every period presents a positive correlation. The spatial distribution of S&T resource allocation efficiency in neighboring cities seems to be similar in group, which tends to escalate stepwise. Meanwhile, the whole differentiation of geographical space has a diminishing tendency. (5) Viewed from LISA agglomeration map of S&T resource allocation efficiency in different periods, four agglomeration types have changed differently in spatial location and the range of spatial agglomeration. And the continuity of S&T resource allocation efficiency in geographical space is gradually increasing.     

KCPIS的空间数据模型与用户界面

本文介绍了全国重点建设项目信息系统的空间数据模型，以用户为中心的可视化界面和专用查询、统计、制图功能。     

Systematic GIS-based landslide inventory as the first step for effective landslide-hazard management

The purpose of the so-called IFFI project (Inventario dei Fenomeni Franosi in Italia—Inventory of Landslides in Italy) and of many other related activities carried out by the Centro Regionale per le Ricerche Territoriali e Geologiche of ARPA Piemonte (Agenzia Regionale per la Protezione Ambientale—Regional Agency for Environmental Protection), is to map all the existing landslides in Piemonte (including both results of monitoring data and available historical data). ARPA carried out new systematic surveys using airphoto interpretation and created a specific alphanumeric geological information systems (GIS)-based database to store and process all the collected data. In order to obtain proper landslide-hazard zoning, it is necessary to provide a landslide inventory and to define the relationship between landslides and geological setting. A landslide inventory represents a fundamental base of knowledge, is a very basic tool for land planning, and strongly helps the local authorities in their decision making.     

过去千年中国东部年代际-百年尺度干湿变化特征:基于古水文动力同化数据

利用古水文动力同化数据(PHYDA)研究了过去千年中国东部年代际-百年尺度干湿变化特征.结果表明,对比其它重建数据PHYDA在百年尺度上对小冰期前期中国东部干湿变化的再现能力最好,其对这一时期发生的年代际干旱事件包括1352-90年,1445-98年,1580-94年和1626-65年干旱事件的再现能力也最强.通过与强...     

时态GIS理论及其数据模型初探

时态GIS(Geography Information System)是GIS中的一个新兴的研究领域。传统的GIS记录的只是这个不断变化的世界的某一时刻的影像,这类GIS亦称为静态GIS。如果在GIS中引入时间这个与空间同等重要的因素,或者说是在三维GIS的基础上,增加时间维或者时间变量,就形成了时态GIS。目前对于时空关系模型的研究就是当前时态GIS研究的重点之一。时态GIS数据模型的实现方法主要有两种:一是扩展传统的关系模型,二是采用面向对象的方法。当前时态GIS的研究取得了一些进展,但仍有许多不足之处。本文将结合实际,对未来完善时态GIS模型及系统建设提出一些需求方面的意见和想法。     

电子影像地图的技术研究

本文概述了电子影像地图的概念及其与地理信息系统的关系,详细介绍了电子影像地图的技术和实现方法.在上述理论基础上,本文研制了上海市电子影像地图,在研制过程中解决了数据安全性的问题、大数据量的存储、传送问题等等.论文依据面向对象的设计原理和编程方法,用Visual C 开发了用户的浏览查询界面,为普通用户提供了一个快速的查询浏览平台.     

数据同化——它的缘起,含义和主要方法

我国已进入流体动力学的卫星观测世纪,数据同化（有时叫“四维同化”）,势必成为随之而来的重要课题之一。针对目前人们对这一课题尚无太多了解,从而在实际工作中产生一些混乱,笔者在本文就数据同化的必要性,它的含义,它的开创和现在研究、应用中的主要方法作一比较详细的论述。