一般多层准地转基本流的扰动发展 与非线性稳定性

考察了一般多层准地转模式中初值与参数共同扰动的情形。在初始扰动场仅依赖于初始扰动位势涡度、初始扰动边界速度环量与扰动参数的条件下,给出了扰动能量、扰动位涡拟能发展上（下）界精细的显式估计。进而在Lyapunov意义下广义非线性稳定性概念的基础上,得到了对应于Arnold 第二定理的非线性稳定性判据。本文工作推广了仅考虑模式中初值扰动情形所得到的相应结果。     

A comparison of alternative criteria for defining fuzzy boundaries on fuzzy categorical maps

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负荷勒夫数渐近表达式的直接证明

负荷勒夫数ｈ＇_ｎ、ｌ＇_ｎ、和ｋ＇_ｎ用以表征地球在表面点负荷作用下的变形．当ｎ→∞时,ｈ＇_ｎ、ｎｌ＇_ｎ和ｎｋ＇_ｎ的渐近值均为常数,这是Ｆａｒｒｅｌｌ通过比较Ｂｏｕｓｓｉｎｅｓｑ问题的解与地球在表面负荷作用下变形的球函数级数展开式得出的．本文直接由负荷勒夫数满足的微分方程推导出了它们的渐近表达式,方法更为直观和简明,而且更易于理解。     

Natural Heritage value of Xinjiang Tianshan and global comparative analysis

Xinjiang Tianshan is a serial natural property that has been nominated for World Heritage status.This paper presents a systematically comprehensive and comparative analysis of the heritage resources of Xinjiang Tianshan according to the World Heritage criteria.Its biological,ecological and aesthetic values,which are of global importance, are documented.It is concluded that Xinjiang Tianshan meets the world heritage criteria(vii)and (ix).Xinjiang Tianshan is compared with other mountain world heritage sites,mountains in Central Asia,the Tianshan Mountains outside China,and with the protected areas of the Tianshan Mountains on the Tentative List for World Heritage Sites,so as to provide objective data for the world heritage application.     

基于效用值的模糊最短路问题的研究

模糊数学是研究和处理模糊现象的一种数学方法,而最短路径问题一直是运筹学、地理信息科学、计算机科学等学科的一个研究热点,被广泛地应用于交通运输、通讯工程、计算机网络和供应链管理等领域．模糊最短路问题的求解,实质就是比较模糊数的序关系,对模糊数进行排序,从而得出模糊最短路问题的结果．在基于对效用值的研究基础上,综合考虑了模糊数隶属函数的分布情况,得到一种新的三角模糊数和梯形模糊数的排序．并应用于求解模糊最短路问题,获得了求解模糊最短路问题的新算法．通过几个实例,验证了方法的有效性和实用性．     

科尔沁沙地植物功能性状的尺度变异及关联

调查了科尔沁沙地流动沙丘、半固定沙丘和固定沙丘18个样地的物种组成,测定了28种植物的叶面积(LA)、比叶面积(SLA)和叶干物质含量(LDMC)等3个植物功能性状,并用性状梯度分析法对3个功能性状在群落水平上的变化进行了分解,研究了沙丘固定过程中的植物功能性状的尺度变异及其与生境变化的关系。结果表明:(1)随着沙丘的固定,群落平均LA逐渐增大,群落平均SLA及LDMC在半固定沙丘上最小;(2)群落平均SLA的生态位宽度随着沙丘固定程度依次减小,流动、半固定沙丘植物群落的适应能力较固定沙丘更强;(3)沙丘固定过程中物种性状值的变化与群落内共生植物种性状间变异的关联相比于群落间性状的变异更密切。沙丘固定导致了物种LA与LDMC较强的正相关关系,两性状在群落间的依赖性比群落内的强。物种在群落内和群落间采取不同的策略来适应沙丘固定过程生境的变化。     

灰岩裸露区检波器三自由度耦合系统理论的研究

中国南方海相碳酸盐岩沉积盆地的分布幅员辽阔,地下油气等资源极为丰富,但是由于大面积坚硬灰岩的出露,给检波器完好耦合带来了很大困难,从而降低了地震采集资料的品质,严重制约了该地区未来的油气勘探.目前野外检波器耦合试验缺乏较为合适的理论指导,带有较大的盲目性.为此,本文考虑到检波器与灰岩耦合时增加了耦合介质（石膏、泥饼等）的实际情况,提出了检波器-灰岩三自由度耦合系统的理论,研究了耦合介质、尾锥和阻尼等耦合因素对检波器-灰岩耦合系统传输函数的影响规律.发现检波器-灰岩耦合系统是具有三个谐振频率的谐振系统,通过增加耦合介质的弹性模量、减小耦合介质的底面积和高度、选用介质密度较小的尾锥、减小尾锥的高度、增加尾锥的底面积等,可以提高耦合谐振频率.通过适当增加耦合系统的阻尼,可以减小耦合系统的窄频带“带通滤波”的影响.最后,通过振动台实验初步验证了检波器-灰岩三自由度耦合系统理论模型.     

Dynamic nonlinear response of pile foundations under vertical vibration—Theory versus experiment

The influence of nonlinearity on the dynamic response of cast-in-situ reinforced concrete piles subjected to strong vertical excitation was studied. Forced vibration test of single piles (L/d=10, 15, 20) and 2×2 pile groups (s/d=2, 3, 4 for each L/d) were conducted in the field for two different embedded conditions of pile cap. From the measured nonlinear response curves, the effective pile–soil system mass, stiffness and damping were determined and the nonlinear response curves were back-calculated using the theory of nonlinear vibration. The test results were compared with the continuum approach of Novak with dynamic interaction factor approach using both linear and linear-equivalent numerical methods. Reasonable match between the measured and predicted response was found for linear-equivalent methods by introducing a weak boundary-zone around the pile to approximately account for the nonlinear behaviour of pile–soil system. The test data were used to establish the empirical relationship in order to estimate the extent of soil separation around the pile with soil under vertical vibration.     

Estimation of tail dependence coefficient in rainfall accumulation fields

Extreme rainfall events are of particular importance due to their severe impacts on the economy, the environment and the society. Characterization and quantification of extremes and their spatial dependence structure may lead to a better understanding of extreme events. An important concept in statistical modeling is the tail dependence coefficient (TDC) that describes the degree of association between concurrent rainfall extremes at different locations. Accurate knowledge of the spatial characteristics of the TDC can help improve on the existing models of the occurrence probability of extreme storms. In this study, efficient estimation of the TDC in rainfall is investigated using a dense network of rain gauges located in south Louisiana, USA. The inter-gauge distances in this network range from about 1 km to 9 km. Four different nonparametric TDC estimators are implemented on samples of the rain gauge data and their advantages and disadvantages are discussed. Three averaging time-scales are considered: 1 h, 2 h and 3 h. The results indicate that a significant tail dependency may exist that cannot be ignored for realistic modeling of multivariate rainfall fields. Presence of a strong dependence among extremes contradicts with the assumption of joint normality, commonly used in hydrologic applications.     

对金茂大厦“粗指纹”诊断初探

金茂大厦是目前中国最高建筑之一,高达420.5m。本文采用自回归移动平均ARMA模型,利用大厦的随机振动得到其某些振型的频率及阻尼比,在地震、台风过后或经一长段时间之后,看其相应振型频率和阻尼比的变化,以达到健康诊断之目的。结果显示此法具有很好的可操作性,可用于大厦、大桥等的"粗指纹"健康诊断和维护。