BACKGROUND VALUES AND TREND DISTRIBUTION OF Cu, Zn AND Ni IN SOILS IN CHINA

The background values of Cu, Zn and Ni are discussed based on the analytical data of 21 main soil types collected from various regions in China. According to statistics of many samples, the background value of Cu is 23.4±10.2 mg/ kg (482 samples), Zn 77.9±2.39 mg/ kg (474 samples), Ni 30.0±12.8 mg/kg (482 samples).     

Mean values of particular functions in the elliptic motion

The mean values % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXafv3ySLgzGmvETj2BSbqefm0B1jxALjhiov2D% aebbfv3ySLgzGueE0jxyaibaiGc9yrFr0xXdbba91rFfpec8Eeeu0x% Xdbba9frFj0-OqFfea0dXdd9vqaq-JfrVkFHe9pgea0dXdar-Jb9hs% 0dXdbPYxe9vr0-vr0-vqpWqaaeaabiGaciaacaqabeaadaqaaqGaaO% qaamaalaaabaGaaGymaaqaaiaaikdacqaHapaCaaWaa8qCaeaacaGG% OaacbaGaa8NKbiabgkHiTiaadYgacaGGPaGaa8hiaiGacogacaGGVb% Gaai4Caiaa-bcacaWGRbGaa8NKbiaa-bcacaWGKbGaamiBaaWcbaGa% aGimaaqaaiaaikdacqaHapaCa0Gaey4kIipakiaa-bcacaqGHbGaae% OBaiaabsgacaWFGaWaaSaaaeaacaaIXaaabaGaaGOmaiabec8aWbaa% daWdXbqaaiaacIcacaWFsgGaeyOeI0IaamiBaiaacMcacaWFGaGaci% 4CaiaacMgacaGGUbGaa8hiaiaadUgacaWFsgGaa8hiaiaadsgacaWG% SbaaleaacaaIWaaabaGaaGOmaiabec8aWbqdcqGHRiI8aaaa!6BC2!\[\frac{1}{{2\pi }}\int\limits_0^{2\pi } {(f - l) \cos kf dl} {\rm{and}} \frac{1}{{2\pi }}\int\limits_0^{2\pi } {(f - l) \sin kf dl}\] (where f and l are respectively the true anomaly and the mean anomaly in the elliptic motion and k is an integer) are given in closed form.     

Experimental Investigation of the Upper Thermal Stability of Mg-rich Actinolite; Implications for Kiruna-Type Iron Deposits

The occurrence of actinolite in magnetite deposits of possiblemagmatic origin has prompted an experimental investigation ofthe upper thermal stability of Mg-rich actinolite to determinehow the stability of actinolite changes with increasing Fe content.Experiments were carried out primarily on the compositionalre-equilibration of natural tremolite [molar Fe/(Fe + Mg) =Fe-number = 0·014] in the presence of synthetic clinopyroxene(Ca_0·80Fe_0·67Mg_0·54Si_2·00O₆), syntheticpigeonite/orthopyroxene (Ca_0·08Fe_1·19Mg_0·70Si_2·02O₆),quartz, and water to a more Fe-rich actinolite over the rangeof 600–880°C, 1 and 4 kbar, at the Ni–NiO oxygenbuffer, for durations of 1–2 weeks. The bulk compositionof the mineral mixture is close to actinolite with Fe-number= 0·5. These experiments constitute a half-reversal ofthe amphibole composition, which, when approached from a Mg-richstarting composition, provides information on the minimum Fecontent of actinolite at a given temperature. Compositionalchanges were monitored by electron microprobe analysis of amphibolerim compositions and/or overgrowths on the original tremolite.At 4 kbar and 880–800°C, tremolite shows strong re-equilibrationwith overgrowths of an Fe-rich but low-Ca (1·7 > Ca> 1·4) actinolite; Fe-rich cummingtonite (Ca <0·7)begins to nucleate at 860°C. At 800–700°C, tremoliteshows weak compositional re-equilibration but strong nucleationof Fe-rich cummingtonite. Similar results were observed at 1kbar, with tremolite showing strong re-equilibration to low-Caactinolite at 790–600°C with cummingtonite nucleationat 800°C and below. The wide variation in Ca contents ofthe re-equilibrated amphiboles was unexpected. Additional univariantreversal experiments were carried out on the thermal decompositionof a natural actinolite (Fe-number = 0·22) from PleitoMelón, Chile, indicating the breakdown of actinoliteto clinopyroxene, orthopyroxene, quartz, and water at 780°Cand 1 kbar, and 850°C and 4 kbar. Considering only amphiboleswith Ca >1·7 a.p.f.u., the thermal stability of actinoliteis observed to decrease in a linear manner over the P–Trange investigated with a dT/dFe-number slope of –372°C/Fe-numberat 1 kbar and –546°C/Fe-number at 4 kbar. The highthermal stabilities (750–900°C) of actinolites withFe-numbers in the range of 0–0·4 overlap with therange of water-saturated melting for a typical andesite or tonalite.These conditions also overlap the field of experimental Fe–P-richmelt formation, suggesting that actinolite may have an igneousorigin in Kiruna-type ore deposits. KEY WORDS: actinolite; mineral stability; Kiruna deposits, thermodynamic values; cummingonite     

Postmaterialism and Support for the Environment in the United States

Postmaterialist theory suggests that under conditions of continuously expanding economic and personal security, younger generations will be less oriented to acquiring material goods and more committed than their older peers to attaining postmaterial social goals such as increased free self-expression and a healthy natural environment. Using the latest World Values Survey sample for the United States, ordinary least squares (OLS) and logit regressions are employed to test whether youth is a predictor of postmaterialism as theory suggests, and whether postmaterialism positively predicts environmental concern and individual actions in support of the environment. Age is found to be a negative and statistically significant factor in explaining variation in the postmaterialism index, and this index is in turn found to be a statistically significant positive factor in explaining individual environmental concern and activism. A combination of increased economic security and entrance of younger generations into adulthood could well matter for our environmental future.     

济南珍珠泉井水固有振荡试验的解释

本文介绍了济南珍珠泉井水固有振荡试验结果.利用振动理论和Cooper水井-含水层模式对试验进行了解释.计算出珍珠泉水井-含水层系统的阻尼系数和固有振动的角频率.该系统阻尼系数小,角频率恰好和瑞利波角频率相近,因此珍珠泉井水位对地震瑞利波响应的振幅特别大.井水固有振荡试验是一种简便易行、经济迅速的方法,它比其它现场试验方法更宜于推广应用.     

井水位振荡试验及其结果

通过鲁04井的频率特性试验,求出了该井含水层系统的频率特性参数,固有振动周期为40.59s,阻尼系数为0.0362s-1。并且计算出鲁04井含水层的导水系数为1.8×10-3m2/s。利用这些结果解释了鲁04井对地震波响应比珍珠泉井差的原因     

An extreme value analysis of the flow of Burbage Brook

An extreme value analysis of the flow of Burbage Brook is carried out by modelling peaks over a high threshold. The aims are to illustrate recently developed statistical techniques and to report on interesting features of the flow of the brook over a 58-year period. Peak flows are found to show marked seasonal variation and a downward trend. Then-year return level is estimated for various values ofn, and the reliability of the estimates is assessed.     

高温高压下元素配分的原位实验与计算模拟研究进展

地球内部元素的配分行为具有重要意义,有助于揭示地球内部物质循环、元素成矿、超临界流体性质等基础地质问题。同步辐射微聚焦X射线荧光光谱(SR-μXRF)结合金刚石压腔(DAC)技术,可以在高温高压条件下实现高准确度和高分辨率的原位(in situ)测试元素在不同物相间的浓度,并获取配分系数。而基于地球化学热力学的理论计算模拟,可以获得元素在不同物相间的赋存形式,有助于揭示元素配分机制。本文综述了SR-μXRF结合DAC技术和地球化学热力学计算模拟原位测定高温高压下元素配分的研究方法,及其在地球内部元素迁移、成矿作用和地球早期形成过程等领域中的应用进展,认为利用该套方法研究高温高压下元素配分行为的体系将变得更加复杂,对温度、压力条件则要求更高。本文旨在更新和丰富高温高压下元素配分系数数据,深化对地球内部物质循环等问题的认知。     

Beyond fisheries management: The Phronetic dimension

This paper has two main sources of inspiration. Firstly, building on Flyvbjerg's “Making Social Science Matter”[Flyvbjerg B. Making social science matter: why social inquiry fails and how it can succeed again. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2003], I argue that the contribution of the social sciences to fisheries resource management must essentially be “phronetic” (after Aristotle's phronesis, i.e. practical wisdom), in contrast to the “scientific” (Aristotle: episteme) contribution of the natural sciences. Secondly, inspired by the recent publication “Fish for Life: Interactive Governance for Fisheries” [Kooiman J, Jentoft S, Pullin R, Bavinck M, editors. Fish for life: interactive governance for fisheries. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press; 2005], I hold that phronesis is basically what the notion of governance adds to management. Governance is the broader concept, inviting a more reflexive, deliberative and value-rational methodology than the instrumental, means-end oriented management concept. I claim that for interdisciplinarity to work in fisheries it is essential to recognize the fundamental methodological differences that exist between the social and natural sciences.