西秦岭造山带泥盆纪沉积地质学和动力沉积学研究:古地理、地层层序及构造演化

晚加里东到早海西期，西秦岭北带存在一较大规模的造山带，泥盆纪的古地形呈北高南低的特征。持续的海侵由南向北侵进、中泥盆世由于北秦岭造山带的向南仰冲，形成同造山的前陆拗陷盆地。南秦岭裂陷槽是早古生代小洋盆的残余海槽。西秦岭造山带泥盆纪的地层层序分为海平面变化控制型层序（ＳＣ型）、基底构造控制型层序（ＴＣ型）和复合型层序（ＳＴＣ型）三种类型。ＳＣ型层序发育于中秦岭微板块的小型克拉通盆地，ＴＣ型层序发育于同造山盆地和相邻的前隆（反弹）带，ＳＴＣ型层序是造山作用和造山过程的沉积响应。秦岭造山带加里东－早海西期碰撞－造山作用过程较为复杂，北秦岭造山带是由秦岭微板块与华北板块斜向和不规则边缘碰撞形成的，是一个发育不成熟和不均一的造山带，碰撞和造山由西向东，造山作用在西秦岭表现显著；南秦岭洋盆的闭合是秦岭微板块和扬子板块的斜向碰撞形成的，具闭合不碰撞和碰撞不造山的特征，闭合和碰撞由东向西。晚海西－印支期，秦岭进入再生盆地发育阶段。再生盆地于印支－燕山期闭合并造山。     

从地壳上地幔构造看大陆碰撞作用（上）

根据近年来全球地壳上地幔探测的成果,分析了大陆碰撞造山作用过程。在大地构造物理学中,演化重建的基础为地壳上地幔探测结果和宏观物理学定理,方法为岩石圈结构模型的解构。大陆碰撞使洋陆转换带岩石圈正式拼入大陆板块,造成大陆的增生。阿尔卑斯—喜马拉雅碰撞造山带在碰撞前陆缘广泛发育有洋—陆转换带,这种碰撞称为裙边碰撞。由于比较松软的洋陆转换带岩石圈夹在中间,裙边碰撞时不发生典型的刚性碰撞和反弹,碰撞产物中常见蛇绿岩套及泥砾混杂堆积,少见超高压变质岩片的折返。大别—苏鲁碰撞造山带在碰撞前洋—陆转换带不发育,这种碰撞称为裸碰撞。裸碰撞属于刚性碰撞,碰撞时发生反弹,碰撞产物中少见蛇绿岩套及泥砾混杂堆积,常见超高压变质岩片的折返。裸碰撞后的反弹为超高压变质岩片的折返创造了条件。裙边碰撞和裸碰撞的作用过程都可分为四期,第一期为碰撞前期,第四都为后造山期。裙边碰撞和裸碰撞的不同在于,第二期主碰撞期裙边碰撞冲撞大陆板块没有明显反弹,第三期陆—陆俯冲期超高压变质岩片折返不明显。造山后期是碰撞造山过程逐渐停息期,即两大陆板块间的应力从挤压转化为拉张的阶段。这时两大陆板块之间有了共同的一个旋转极,但是碰撞造山诱发的岩石圈拆离和变形仍在进行,碰撞带岩石圈成为大陆内部热流会聚和岩浆活动的优选通道,诱发强烈的岩浆活动。     

The nappe structure of the central Northern Calcareous Alps and its disintegration during Miocene tectonic extrusion—a contribution to understanding the orogenic evolution of the Eastern Alps

The classical concept of the nappe structure of the central Northern Calcareous Alps (NCA) is in contradiction with modern stratigraphic, structural, metamorphic and geochronological data. We first perform a palinspastic restoration for the time before Miocene lateral tectonic extrusion, which shows good continuity of structures, facies and diagenetic/metamorphic zones. We present a new nappe concept, in which the Tirolic unit practically takes the whole area of the central NCA and is divided into three subunits (nappes): Lower and Upper Tirolic subunit, separated by the Upper Jurassic Trattberg Thrust, and the metamorphic Ultra-Tirolic unit. The Hallstatt (Iuvavic) nappe(s) formed the highest unit, but were completely destroyed by erosion after nappe stacking. Remnants of the Hallstatt nappes are only represented by components of up to 1 km in size in Middle/Upper Jurassic radiolaritic wildflysch sediments ("Hallstatt Mélange" belonging to the Tirolic unit). Destruction of the continental margin started in Middle to Upper Jurassic time and prograded from the oceanic side towards the shelf. The original substratum of the external nappes (Bavaric units) of the NCA was largely the Austroalpine crystalline basement, of the internal nappes (Tirolic units) the weakly metamorphosed Palaeozoic sequences (Greywacke Zone and equivalents). Eocene movements caused limited internal deformation in the Tirolic unit.     

Geochronology of the medium to high-grade metamorphic units of the Peloritani Mts., Sicily

The Peloritani Mountains are a fragment of an orogen variably attributed to the Alpine or Hercynian orogeny. On the basis of ³⁹Ar-⁴⁰Ar, U-Pb and Rb-Sr dating, the main metamorphism of the two medium–high grade metamorphic units, the Mela and Aspromonte Units, and most of the thrusting responsible for stacking the orogenic edifice are seen to be Hercynian. The main thrusting of the Aspromonte Unit over the lower grade units took place at 301±2 Ma. Brittle deformation during Tertiary reactivation of Hercynian thrust planes did not generate any rejuvenation of white micas in the studied sector. Our dataset shows a great complexity and we propose to unravel it by considering different levels of information. To first order, the Mela and Aspromonte Units differ in their metamorphic paths and their geochronological evolution. The Mela Unit shows generally younger ages (Carboniferous) than the Aspromonte Unit and, unlike the latter, was extensively retrogressed in greenschist facies. The Aspromonte Unit is itself geochronologically heterogeneous. Proterozoic ages are preserved both in titanite and in amphibole relics of one tectonic subunit; Devonian to Carboniferous amphibole ages are found in different other subunits; tertiary overprint is minor and spatially limited. We propose to consider the chronologically heterogeneous subunits as accreted pre-Hercynian terranes amalgamated late during the Hercynian orogeny. Micas in both units give scattered Mesozoic ³⁹Ar-⁴⁰Ar and Rb-Sr ages, with evidence for heterochemical mica generations. We interpret them as a result of widespread hydrothermal circulation event(s). Tertiary overprint is generally absent, with the exception of a small area near Messina where biotite and muscovite underwent a complex recrystallisation history in the interval between 48 and 61 Ma.An erratum to this article can be found at     

天山博罗霍洛地区构造与演化

天山博罗霍洛地区构造是以中—上元古界为主体组成的赛里木地块为核部,以古生界为两翼的复式背斜构造为骨架,以两翼的扇形逆冲断裂推覆构造十分发育为特征。总结其演化历史,可归纳为:早元古代古陆壳的形成;中—晚元古代稳定型大陆边缘的发育;早古生代大陆裂谷作用;晚古生代活动大陆边缘的形成与造山;中—新生代断块升降、滑脱推覆构造叠加、改造、而形成极其复杂的构造形态。     

吉林中部漂河川镁铁-超镁铁质杂岩带的特征：对华北东北缘构造带性质和演化的约束

漂河川镍矿的辉长岩锆石SHRIMPU-Pb定年给出了222Ma±8Ma的年龄,表明其形成于晚三叠世。研究结果表明,该岩体不属于蛇绿岩的成员,而是热侵位的镁铁—超镁铁质岩,侵位时代在区域性的变质变形事件之前。结合地球化学资料、相邻地区的大地构造相及热年代学的研究结果,认为区域上的造山作用主幕很可能发生在中生代,而不是原来认为的二叠纪末。漂河川和相关地区的镁铁—超镁铁质岩应该形成于碰撞造山之前,很可能属于大陆边缘裂谷性质。     

论糜棱岩研究

糜棱岩是一种具有丰富地质信息的载体，在理论和实践上都有重要的研究意义。从显微超微构造，岩石固态流变，动力变质成矿，成岩模拟实验，构造地球化学，造山带运行学和同位素年代学等七个方面，较全面的阐述了近20年来糜棱岩岩石学的研究进展情况。并简单列举了一些新成果，诸如浅层次糜棱岩的发现，人工糜棱岩的成岩实验和同位素测年新数据等。同时还指出糜棱岩的微观研究可进一步拓展到壳幔流变学，构造年代学和造成带比较学等这些新的学科研讨上。     

Granitoids and Their Magnetic Susceptibility in South Korea

Abstract: Magnetic susceptibility (MS) measurements were carried out for 1,120 samples in the Middle Proterozoic to Early Tertiary granitoids so far recognized in South Korea, and the lateral and spatial variation of their magnetic susceptibility, i.e., content of magnetite, is studied. The Middle Proterozoic two mica granitoids related to cassiterite (Sn) deposits in northeastern part of the Sobaegsan Massif show very low MS (less than 0.3 A‐ 10^‐3 SI unit), and the Permo‐Triassic tonalitic to granodioritic and monzonitic rocks which are barren in mineralization, distributed in the middle part of South Korea also show low MS (less than 1 A‐ 10^‐3 SI unit). On the contrary the Late Triassic to Jurassic granitoids (= Daebo granitoids) which were evolved from tonalite through granodiorite to granite, and are most widely distributed in South Korea, show a wide variation on MS. Particularly in the Andong, Igsan, Gimcheon and Geochang areas, the granitoids which are barren in mineralization, are characterized by high MS (more than 10 A‐ 10^‐3 SI unit). The Chuncheon, Jecheon, Namyang and Geumsan plutons related to molybdenite (Mo) and/or wolframite or scheelite (W), and fluorite (F) mineralizations show a little high MS (more than 3 A‐ 10^‐3 SI unit). However, more than 60% of the Daebo granitoids show low MS (less than 3 A‐ 10^‐3 SI unit) and the rest show a little high MS (more than 3 A‐ 10^‐3 SI unit). Heterogeneous distribution of magnetite content in the Daebo granitoids is considered to reflect heterogeneity of redox state of the source materials for these granitoids. The Cretaceous to Early Tertiary granitoids (= Bulgugsa granitoids) in the Gyeongsang Basin had been generally evolved in the order of tonalite, diorite, granodiorite, granite and alkali‐feldspar granites, which are closely related to base metal ore deposits, and mostly show higher MS (more than 3 A‐ 10^‐3 SI unit) than other granitoids mentioned above, although some exceptions are recognized in highly evolved alkali‐feldspar granites (SiO₂ > 76%). In contrast, as most of the highly oxidized or evolved Cretaceous granitoids distributed in areas other than the Gyeongsang Basin show lower MS than those of the Gyeongsang Basin, and appear to be magnetite free, ilmenite‐series granites, but they might be hematite bearing magnetite‐series granitoids. Highly oxidized nature of the Bulgugsa granitoids may be due to high Fe₂O₃/FeO ratio of the source materials and also high level intrusion style of the granitic magma activities. Most of the granitic rocks of the Middle Proterozoic, Permo‐Triassic and more than 60% of the Late Triassic to Jurassic (Daebo granitoids) belong to ilmenite–series, however less than 40% of the Daebo granitoids and most Cretaceous ones are magnetite–series. Thus, the granitic magma intruded in Korean Peninsula became oxidized while the intrusive ages become younger.     

ANALYSIS ON GOLD AND COPPER OREFORMING SYSTEM WITH COLLISION OROGENY OF EASTERN TIANSHAN

According to tectono-stratigraphical division principle,different units in KangguertageHuangshan collision zone,Eastern Tianshan,are divided into order and disorder two types of stratum-rock associations,which belong to two kinds of different tectono-volcanic activity belts.The collision ororeny and ductile shear zone have a strong space-time coupling.Based on the island arcbearing volcanic rock on both sides of the collision zone,time of ore-forming and rock-forming,characteristics of collision granit,geochemical province,special multistage collision orogeny and intracontinental orogeny basin-forming developed features have been found.Gold and copper deposits,with the relation to the collision orogeny,are divided into seven genetic types.The ten metallogenic zones are classified into two kinds of ore-forming system of paleo-continental margin.Metallogenesis of gold deposits can be classified into five stages.Gold and copper deposits are distributed in belts with the relation to the development of the collision orogeny.The distribution of main large scale copper deposits in the north part of the collision zone and most large-middle scale gold deposits in the south part of the collision zone can direct the prospecting for gold and copper deposits.The actual targets are put forward.