层状半空间中洞室对入射平面SV波的散射

利用间接边界元法,在频域内求解了层状弹性半空间中洞室对入射平面SV波的散射问题。通过自由场反应分析,求得假想洞室边界上各点位移和各单元应力响应。在洞室边界各个单元上施加虚拟分布荷载,求得位移和应力的格林函数。根据应力边界条件确定虚拟分布荷载,将自由场位移响应和虚拟分布荷载产生的位移响应叠加起来,即得到问题的解答。比较了层状半空间和均匀半空间中洞室对入射平面SV波的放大作用。结果表明,层状半空间情况有可能导致较大的地表位移幅值,尤其是对于较低频率入射波。     

Dynamic link between the level of ductile crustal flow and style of normal faulting of brittle crust

In a rheologically layered crust, compositional layers have an upper, elasto-plastic part and a lower, viscous one. When broken, the upper elastic part undergoes flexure, which is upward for the foot-wall and downward for the hanging wall. As a consequence of bending, stresses will develop locally that can overcome the strength of the plate and, therefore, impose the migration of active fault. In the lower, viscous part of each compositional layer, rocks can potentially flow. Numerical modelling of the behaviour of a crust made up of two compositional layers, during and following extension, shows that flow can take place not only in the lower crust but also, and more importantly, in the lower part of the upper crust. The ability of crustal rocks to flow influences the style and kinematics of rifted regions. When no flow occurs, subsidence will affect the extending areas, both hanging wall and foot-wall will subside with respect to an absolute reference frame such as sea level, and there will be a strict proportionality between extension and thinning. In addition, the downward movement of the fault blocks will decrease the local stresses created in the foot-wall and increase those of the hanging wall, thereby imposing a migration of fault towards the hanging wall. This is the behaviour of extensional settings developed on stabilised crust and which evolved in a passive margin. When flow does take place, middle crustal rocks will move towards the rifting zone causing isostatically driven upward movements that will be superimposed on movements associated with crustal and lithospheric thinning. Consequently, fault blocks will move upwards and the crust will show more extension than thinning. The upward movements will decrease the stresses developed in the hanging walls and increase those of the foot-wall. Faults will then migrate towards the foot-wall. Such a mode of deformation is expected in regions with thickened crust and has its most apparent expression in core complexes.     

西南地区强震前后地壳变形异常强度场特征研究

采用标准化的F统计量给出了异常强度的定量描述方法,在变形监测台点比较密集的西南地区构造了变形异常强度场。通过对异常特征空间分布随时间演化图像及强地震前后变形异常分布图像的研究,讨论了地震成组活动模式下变形空间分布的特点及变形异常分布的非均匀性特征。探讨了变形异常集中区与平静区(变形空区)与地震活动空区之间的关系,以及地震活动空区内外小震活动与变形场分布之间的微动态联系。     

利用GPS观测结果对我国地壳水平形变强度的分析

介绍利用中国地壳运动观测网络区域网(包括基本网与基准网)1999年与2001年2期GPS观测所获得的中国大陆地壳水平位移速率结果, 研究块体的划分、 块体位移与块体变形, 提出了用位移(速率)离散度分析块体或局部水平变形强度的方法, 分析了中国大陆现今地壳运动的基本特征及2001年11月14日昆仑山口西8.1级大地震前的地壳水平运动。     

伽师及邻近地区GPS地壳形变监测及初步分析

通过对伽师及邻近地区ＧＰＳ监测网的优化布设和两期观测资料的分析,对伽师及邻近地区的地形变特征进行了探讨,认为伽师地区整体上受到正南北向的主压应力,但在喀什和乌恰－乌仁一带存在着较大的剪应力。伽师地区每年相对于北天山（哈萨克斯坦）的运动速度为１９ｍｍ,整个南天山地区发生中强地震的可能性将长期存在。     

激光扫描实时获取水下图象信息的方法与系统

报道一种实时大视角、全景深获取水下图象的新方法。该方法试图解决在无人摇控潜器(ROV)和自治式潜器 (UUV)走航式获取水下清晰图象时 ,遇到的激光在水下传输过程中后向散射噪声问题 ,建立了一种具有宽视角、全景深性能的水下激光扫描系统。用这种方法和系统在空气中和水中做了大量的实验 ,并讨论了这种方法和系统的应用前景。     

Rayleigh Scattering and Laser Spot Elongation Problems at ALFA

This article describes the qualitative effects of LGS spot elongation and Rayleigh scattering on ALFA wavefront sensor images.An analytical model of Rayleigh scattering and a numerical model of laser plume generation at the altitude of the Na-layer were developed. These models, integrated into ageneral AO simulation, provide the sensor sub-apertureimages. It is shown that the centroid measurement accuracyis affected by these phenomena. The simulation was made both for the ALFA system and for the VLT Nasmyth Adaptive Optics System (NAOS).     

Asymmetry of compton scattering by relativistic electrons with an isotropic velocity distribution: Astrophysical implications

The angular distribution of low-frequency radiation after a single scattering by relativistic electrons with an isotropic velocity distribution differs markedly from the Rayleigh angular function. In particular, the scattering by an ensemble of ultrarelativistic electrons is described by the law p=1?cosα, where α is the scattering angle. Thus, photons are mostly scattered backward. We discuss some consequences of this fact for astrophysical problems. We show that a hot atmosphere of scattering electrons is more reflective than a cold one: the fraction of incident photons reflected after a single scattering can be larger than that in the former case by up to 50%. This must affect the photon exchange between cold accretion disks and hot coronae (or advective flows) near relativistic compact objects, as well as the rate of cooling (through multiple inverse-Compton scattering of the photons supplied from outside) of optically thick clouds of relativistic electrons in compact radio sources. Scattering asymmetry also causes the spatial diffusion of photons to proceed more slowly in a hot plasma than in a cold one, which affects the shapes of Comptonization spectra and the time delay in the detection of soft and hard radiation from variable X-ray sources.