深圳市景亿山庄滑坡特征及成因分析

根据现场工程地质调查和勘察,论文深入分析了景亿山庄滑坡的变形特征、性质、变形机制,并探讨了滑坡的成因。指出在具有剥蚀残丘地貌特征的场地开挖以砂岩残积物为主要组成物质的边坡时,边坡高陡是造成边坡变形破坏的主要因素。长时间的持续降雨是诱发因素。对于陡倾原生节理裂隙发育的土质和类土质边坡,滑坡周界受边坡体内原生节理裂隙控制,滑坡后缘常沿该陡倾的节理裂隙发育。在深圳等降雨量大的亚热带气候区,若坡体内没有不利于边坡稳定的各种结构面,当边坡开挖高度不超过20m,总体坡率不陡于1∶1时,边坡能够保持短期稳定。但长期稳定性受当地降雨量和降雨强度的控制,开挖后若不采取适当的加固措施,易发生滑坡等浅层病害。其病害从孕育到发生可持续长达10a之久。通过论文的研究,可供在类似地区开挖边坡、整治边坡病害借鉴。     

Strain segmentation and lateral membrane deformation rate of the subducted Ryukyu slab

Abstract Focal mechanisms of intermediate-depth earthquakes within the subducted Ryukyu slab indicate a systematic pattern of down-dip extension in the northern part under Kyushu. These mechanisms switch rapidly around the Tokara channel to down-dip compression in the southern part toward Taiwan. This intriguing pattern of strain segmentation, together with the differences between the slab geometry of the northern and southern parts, has raised the question of whether stress segmentation, as defined possibly by a tear fault, might exist in the slab. However the Ryukyu trench has a concave oceanward shape in the northern segment while it is convex in the southern oceanward part toward Taiwan. The inflection zone is located around the Tokara channel. The concept of Gaussian curvature of a curved surface suggests that the along-arc variation of the geometric configuration of a subducted slab is related to the shape of the trench. This is in order to accommodate the lateral membrane deformation of the slab as the oceanic lithosphere subducts from a spherical shell to the geometry delineated by the Wadati-Benioff zone. The membrane deformation regime of the subducted Ryukyu slab and its relation with the trench geometry was examined by assuming that the subduction be modelled by the flow field of a thin viscous sheet. A projection operator was utilized to compute the membrane strain-rate tensor of an arbitrary non-Euclidean surface. Numerical experiments indicated that the northern segment of the slab was dominated by lateral compression and down-dip extension and the southern part by lateral extension and down-dip compression. This transition is sharply located near the Tokara channel. These patterns were compatible with what had been observed from studies of focal mechanisms, suggesting that the strain segmentation might be controlled, at least in part, by the lateral membrane deformation within the slab due to the trench shape in this subduction zone. The slab geometry was predicted by minimizing the integrated total dissipation power; this revealed distinct features that were consistent with observations. This implies that the slab geometry may also be affected by the membrane deformation in a systematic fashion.     

叠加变形有限应变分解及其应用探讨

本文提出了二维不同类型叠加变形的有限应变分解方法。只要测定有限应变及能代表各期主应变面的面理或剪切指向,就可以计算出各期构造应变。     

阿尔金断裂早期走滑运动方向及其活动时间探讨

有关阿尔金断裂的地质问题长期存在争论,尤其是有关活动时间的观点最多,运动方向也有不同看法。本文阐述了阿尔金断裂的早期左旋走滑运动。在元古宙地层中产生的大型弧形构造,流变褶曲形态完整而清楚,同时镜下的显微构造观察和岩组分析,为进一步确定阿尔金断裂的早期左旋走滑运动提供了充分证据,其初始活动时间至少在８７０Ｍａ前,左旋走滑运动的确定对弄清阿尔金断裂的发展演化和矿产预测具有意义。     

特长钢箱梁桥GPS监测数据的奇异谱分析

实时准确地监测和分析大型建筑物的变形对于大型建筑物的施工与运行是十分重要的。奇异谱分析(SSA)是一种与经验正交函数相关联的一种统计技术。文中采用奇异谱分析(SSA)的方法,结合功率谱峰值与原序列和RC1-2重建序列均方误差最小的方法确定最优潜入维数M,研究了特长钢箱梁桥索塔的变形趋势和震荡周期。小波分析技术也可以很好地描述时间序列的时频分布,但SSA重构后的结果比小波要平滑些,更能反映出时间序列的特征。结合苏通大桥北索塔监测序列表明,北索塔站的N,E,U方向上均存在明显的趋势和显著的变动周期,而且也含有较多的噪声信息。     

自动高精度测距系统

介绍了自动高精度测距系统。该系统能以５×１０－７的测距精度测定多个观测点的形变，可作为跨断层动态连续观测的新仪器。     

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基于小波分解的动态变形预报

阐述了小波变换和多分辨率分析的基本原理,简要地介绍了离线预报和在线预报两种不同的变形预报方式,并在此基础上提出了基于小波分解的动态变形预报的方法,并通过实际算例证明了这种方法的有效性。     

托换桩-土钉墙组合支护结构的工作机制初探

针对新型托换桩-土钉墙组合支护结构,假定沉降大于托换桩沉降范围内的坡顶建筑物荷载全部转移至托换桩,阐述托换桩-土钉墙组合支护的工作机制,对支护结构的变形协调机制和荷载传递路径进行探讨,提出支护结构侧向变形、坡顶沉降以及托换桩沉降及内力的计算方法。参数及对比分析表明,相对传统的复合土钉墙支护,新型托换桩-土钉墙组合支护结构可以很明显地减小支护结构的变形和内力,随坡顶荷载的增加托换支护法中支护结构的内力和变形的增速明显小于复合土钉墙的内力和变形增速,随微型桩水平间距的增加支护结构的变形和内力都增加,微型桩嵌固深度的增加对支护结构的内力和变形影响较小。     

中国地震地形变国家级台网（定点）调优建议方案

根据我国现有地震地形变观测台网的实际情况，讨论了台网调整优化的基本原则及综合评估标准，并据以提出了调整优化后构成中国地震地形变国家级台网的４３个台站。