基于Global Mapper的地貌晕渲图设计与制作

地貌晕渲图是指利用数字高程模型（ DEM）来生成,可以很好地反映地形、地势的变化,具有较好立体感的地图。本文以地貌晕渲基本理论为出发点,利用Global Mapper软件实现对制图数据的地貌晕渲图自动生成。对制图区域内的地形地势特征,地貌晕渲图在计算机上实现的关键技术,整体性考虑对地貌晕渲图效果的影响,合理分析设置Global Mapper软件中的各类参数,并利用Photoshop软件对地貌晕渲图进行调整。     

Lambert problem solution in the hill model of motion

The goal of this paper is obtaining a solution of the Lambert problem in the restricted three-body problem described by the Hill equations. This solution is based on the use of pre determinate reference orbits of different types giving the first guess and defining the sought-for transfer type. A mathematical procedure giving the Lambert problem solution is described. This procedure provides step-by-step transformation of the reference orbit to the sought-for transfer orbit. Numerical examples of the procedure application to the transfers in the Sun–Earth system are considered. These examples include transfer between two specified positions in a given time, a periodic orbit design, a halo orbit design, halo-to-halo transfers, LEO-to-halo transfer, analysis of a family of the halo-to-halo transfer orbits. The proposed method of the Lambert problem solution can be used for the two-point boundary value problem solution in any model of motion if a set of typical reference orbits can be found.     

12,000-Year, preliminary results of the stable nitrogen and carbon isotope record from the Empakai Crater lake sediments, Northern Tanzania

The stable isotope compositions of organic carbon and nitrogen, the contents of organic carbon and nitrogen and C/N ratios for two cores recovered from the Empakai Crater at water depths of 11 and 20 m are used to document climatic changes in northern Tanzania. Eight ¹⁴C AMS dates determined on total organic matter (OM) indicate that the sedimentation rate in this lake is about 30 cm/ka for the late Pleistocene to early Holocene period. There are differences in the δ¹³C values of organic carbon between the two cores, which may be a result of differences in location from the present shoreline and of different water depths. In the deeper-water core the δ¹³C values show a general downcore decrease to the base of the core with a sharp change to lower values of about 4‰ at a depth of 100 cm (8.7 ka). The general trend of downcore decrease in ¹³C values can be attributed either to a systematic decrease in the relative proportion of C₄ type of OM, owing to an increase in precipitation and change in vegetation cover from grassland to forest, or to utilization of isotopically enriched carbon during photosynthesis. The δ¹⁵N values show a general downcore increase with again a sharp change of about 5‰ to lower values at about 8.7 ka. A sharp change of about 5‰ and 4‰ to more depleted values at a depth of 100 cm of both ¹⁵N and ¹³C, respectively, suggests either hiatus or abrupt change in climatic condition from wetter conditions to drier conditions. There is enhanced preservation of OM in the lake as depicted by high mean values of organic carbon and nitrogen at both sites.     

Duality properties of Gorringe–Leach equations

In the category of motions preserving the angular momentum direction, Gorringe and Leach exhibited two classes of differential equations having elliptical orbits. After enlarging slightly these classes, we show that they are related by a duality correspondence of the Arnold–Vassiliev type. The specific associated conserved quantities (Laplace–Runge–Lenz vector and Fradkin–Jauch–Hill tensor) are then dual reflections of each other.     

月球辐射状撞击坑经度方向分布特征与同步旋转轨道状态模拟分析

月球目前的同步旋转轨道状态使得形成的撞击坑分布满足一定的不对称性.本文利用最新的LRO影像和地形数据,结合早期的Clementine影响数据,分析了月球辐射状撞击坑经度方向成坑率分布,结果表明所识别的辐射状撞击坑的.年龄为O.9 Ga内,西一东半球方向存在明显不对称性,比值约为1.35~1.53;同时利用辐射状撞击坑模拟了0.9 Ga内的同步旋转轨道的平均状态,得到该时间内月球的向点-背点为70°W—110°E附近;最后利用撞击坑数据库资料对月球形成以来各地质世纪时间尺度内的撞击坑进行了成坑率分布分析,结论表明月球在大爆炸中后期间可能处于过近似的同步轨道旋转状态,但是与现在的轨道运行状态相反,月球在之后的地质时期内经历了翻转,其诱因可能是雨海和东方海盆地遭受的撞击.     

层状半空间中周期分布凸起地形对平面SH波的散射

提出了一种新的以层状半空间中周期分布斜线荷载动力格林函数为基本解的间接边界元方法,研究了周期分布凸起地形对平面SH波的散射问题.方法将散射波场分解为凸起内部散射波场和凸起外部散射波场.凸起内部散射波场通过在凸起闭合边界上施加虚拟斜线荷载产生的动力响应来模拟,而凸起外部散射波场则通过在凸起与半空间交界面上施加虚拟周期分布斜线荷载产生的动力响应来模拟.周期分布斜线荷载动力格林函数的引入,使得本文方法仅需针对一个凸起进行边界单元的离散和求解,便可完成问题的求解,避免了通过截断无限边界求解而引入的误差,方法具有较高精度的同时显著降低了求解自由度.文中通过与已有结果的比较,验证了方法的正确性,并以均匀半空间和基岩上单一土层中周期分布凸起为例进行了数值计算分析.研究表明,凸起间距对凸起地形间的动力相互作用有着显著的影响,同时层状半空间中周期分布凸起地形对SH波的散射与均匀半空间情况也有着显著的差别.     

The influence of local topography for wind direction on Mars: two examples of dune fields in crater basins

In this work, we perform an analysis of large dark dunes within Moreux Crater and Herschel Crater on Mars using High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE) and Context Camera (CTX) data sets. These data allow us to conduct a detailed analysis of dune morphology and slip faces, concluding that the studied dune fields are influenced by topographically‐controlled complex wind directions. Our morphological analysis reveals that inside Moreux Crater in particular, the topographic setting dominates the wind flow direction, leading to the development of a sand transport pathway encircling the central peak of the crater. The dune fields in Herschel Crater are also affected by winds controlled by variable topography as suggested by the presence of complex dunes and dune fields. Our analysis indicate that the studied dune systems is not the result of paleo‐wind regimes. Furthermore, we perform thermal inertia measurements using thermal emission spectrometer (TES) data, which indicate that the studied dune fields consist of medium sand 250–500 µm in diameter. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A comparison of discrete element and micromechanical methods for determining the effective elastic properties of geomaterials

Data generated from scanning electron microscopy images of oil-shale geomaterials are used to generate configurations and to acquire parameters required for use in homogenization schemes for the determination of the effective elastic properties of the samples. Two alternative homogenization methods are employed: numerical simulation using the Discrete Element Method and the Polycrystalline Self-Consistent Method from micromechanics. The schemes give rise to predictions of the effective elastic properties that are in very good agreement.     

钟山风景区电子地图设计与实现

随着电子地图的不断发展,其在智慧旅游中扮演的角色越来越重要.钟山风景区电子地图主要将三个风景区融为一体,既突出单个景点的特色,又从空间上直观反映景区间的联系.制作便民的钟山风景区电子地图有利于引导南京旅游业的发展.