基于D-InSAR技术的西藏改则地震同震形变场特征分析

2008年1月9日在西藏改则地区发生6.9级地震, 接着1月16日又发生6.0级余震, 表现为双震型。 本文利用差分干涉测量技术(D-INSAR), 通过对欧空局ASAR数据进行处理获取了其同震干涉形变场。 通过分析表明: 改则地震干涉形变场呈双贝壳状, 影响范围约33 km×30 km, 以北东向地震破裂带为分界线分为西北视线向沉降盘与东南视线向隆升盘, 最大视线向沉降形变量约53.2 cm, 最大视线向隆升形变量约11.3 cm。 西北沉降盘又存在东、 西两个形变中心, 推测西部形变中心受6.0级余震的控制, 东部形变中心受6.9级主震的控制。 宏观震中位置应位于左旋走滑改则—洞错断裂与依布茶卡—日干配错断裂的分阶部位(左阶), 构造应力场以张性拉伸为主, 导致地震破裂为典型的正断层破裂, 与此次地震的干涉形变场特征及哈佛大学震源机制解吻合。     

渭河盆地东南部砂土液化模糊综合评价及洪水影响研究

依据砂土液化影响因素和大量实际资料对渭河盆地东南部5县进行了砂土液化模糊综合评价, 给出了砂土液化分区, 并讨论了洪水泛滥对该区砂土液化的影响。     

强夯法在城市防洪工程地基加固中的应用研究

对宜宾城市防洪工程中粉土地基强夯加固效果进行了检测,其结果表明：采用1 600 kN ? m夯击能,其有效加固深度大于6 m,地基土的干密度得到了明显增加,平均值从天然地基的1.48 g/cm3增加到强夯后的1.57 g/cm3,增幅达到6.1 %;粉土层的孔隙比平均值从0.852减小到0.724;地基土的压缩模量平均值从5.42 MPa提高到8.27 MPa;渗透系数算术平均值降低到天然地基的1/10以下,即从2.5×10-4 cm/s降低到3.5×10-6 cm/s;天然地基标准贯入击数有32.9 %小于5击,强夯以后,击数全部大于7击。粉土地基经过强夯处理,满足了防洪堤地基的承载力和渗透稳定要求,消除了7度地震液化势。     

Mitigation of Soil Liquefaction Using Stone Columns: An Experimental Investigation

The risk of liquefaction and associated ground deformation may be reduced by using various ground-improvement methods, including the stone column technique. To examine the effects of stone columns, a shaking table experimental study using four models (two containing saturated sand and two containing stone column composite foundations) was conducted to measure the development and dissipation of excess pore water pressure and the acceleration response during a simulated earthquake. The test results demonstrate that the effectiveness of stone columns for mitigation of soil liquefaction during an earthquake depends on the following three aspects: (1) the densification of the surrounding soils; (2) drainage along the stone column; and (3) reduction in the total cyclic shear stress of the soil (because the cyclic shear stress is partially shared by the stone column). The first factor (the densification of the surrounding soils) is the most prominent factor among these three. The drainage and re-distribution of the shear stress can only develop fully for sand ground with a considerably higher density; thus, the effectiveness of the last two factors are only significant for dense sand ground.     

Parametric study of the wave-induced residual liquefaction around an embedded pipeline

Wave-induced liquefaction in a porous seabed around submarine pipeline may cause catastrophic consequences such as large horizontal displacements of pipelines on the seabed, sinking or floatation of buried pipelines. Most previous studies in relation to the wave and seabed interactions with embedded pipeline dealt with the wave-induced instaneous seabed response and possible resulting momentary liquefaction (where the soil is liquefied instantaneously during the passage of a wave trough), using theory of poro-elasticity. Studies for the interactions between a buried pipeline and a soil undergoing build-up of pore pressure and residual liquefaction have been comparatively rare. In this paper, this complicated process was investigated by using a new developed integrated numerical model with RANS (Reynolds averaged Navier–Stokes) equations used for governing the incompressible flow in the wave field and Biot consolidation equations used for linking the solid–pore fluid interactions in a porous seabed with embedded pipeline. Regarding the wave-induced residual soil response, a two-dimensional poro-elastoplastic solution with the new definition of the source term was developed, where the pre-consolidation analysis of seabed foundation under gravitational forces including the body forces of a pipeline was incorporated. The proposed numerical model was verified with laboratory experiment to demonstrate its accuracy and effectiveness. The numerical results indicate that residual liquefaction is more likely to occur in the vicinity of the pipeline compared to that in the far-field. The inclusion of body forces of a pipeline in the pre-consolidation analysis of seabed foundation significantly affects the potential for residual liquefaction in the vicinity of the pipeline, especially for a shallow-embedded case. Parametric studies reveal that the gradients of maximum liquefaction depth with various wave and soil characteristics become steeper as pipeline burial depth decreases.     

秦皇岛七里海潟湖水上钻探取样及勘察成果分析

秦皇岛七里海湿地生态修复工程主要通过退养还湿、清淤疏浚和岸线综合整治对七里海潟湖进行生态修复和景观提升。通过水上钻探取样技术,对七里海潟湖进行工程勘察,根据土层物理力学性质,分析该区域工程地质特征、液化分区情况和浅层土类别,对工程疏浚适宜性作出评价,为清淤疏浚和岸线整治提供有利依据。     

Finite element simulations of seismic effects on retaining walls with liquefiable backfills

Finite element simulations of two centrifuge tests on the same cantilever retaining wall model holding liquefiable backfill were conducted using the Biot formulation‐based program DIANA–SWANDYNE II. To demonstrate the effects due to different pore fluids in seismic centrifuge experiments, water was used as the pore fluid in one experiment whereas a substitute pore fluid was used in the second experiment. The cantilever wall model parameters were determined by comparing simulations with measurements from free‐vibration tests performed on the model wall without backfill. The initial stress conditions for dynamic analysis for the soil backfill were obtained by simulating static loads on the retaining wall from the soil backfill. Level‐ground centrifuge model results were used to select the parameters of the Pastor–Zienkiewicz mark III constitutive model used in the dynamic simulations of the soil. The effects due to different pore fluids were captured well by the simulations. The magnitudes of excess pore pressures in the soil, lateral thrust and its line of action on the wall, and wall bending strains, deflections, and accelerations were predicted well. Predictions of settlements and accelerations in the backfill were less satisfactory. Relatively high levels of Rayleigh damping were needed to be used in the retaining wall simulations in order to obtain numerically stable results, which is one of the shortcomings of the model. The procedure may be used for engineering purpose dealing with seismic analysis of flexible retaining walls where lateral pressures, bending strains and deflections in the wall are typically of importance. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

廊坊市规划区饱和砂土液化的危害及防治措施

在对河北省廊坊市规划区液化饱和砂土分布及危害调查研究的基础上,提出采用振冲碎石桩法、桩基础方法、CFG桩复合地基技术进行防治饱和砂土液化的措施。