2008汶川Ms8.0地震发生的深层过程和动力学响应

汶川M_s8.0强烈地震发生在一条现今并不活动的龙门山构造带上,造成了以汶川、映秀为中心及其周边地域的严重破坏和人员的重大伤亡.然而强烈震发生前却未见有可能的确切征兆或浅表层异常活动,即浅层过程与地震发生的深层过程并不匹配.为此对这次强烈地震“孕育”、发生和发展的深层过程进行了分析和探讨,初步研究表明：①在印度洋板块与欧亚板块陆—陆碰撞、挤压作用下,喜马拉雅造山带东构造结向NNE方向顶挤、楔入青藏高原东北缘,迫使高原深部物质向东流展,在受到以龙门山为西北边界的四川盆地阻隔下,一部分物质则转而向东南侧向运移;②龙门山地带在地形上差达3500±500 m左右,而地壳厚度在龙门山西北部为60±5 km左右,四川盆地为40±2 km左右,而龙门山地带与其东、西两侧相比则为地壳厚度变化幅度达15~20 km的突变地域,即为应力作用的耦合地带;③中、下地壳和地幔盖层物质以地壳低速层、低阻层（深20~25 km）为第一滑移面,以上地幔软流层顶面为第二滑移面,且在四川盆地深部“刚性”物质阻 隔下,深部壳、幔物质以高角度在龙门山构造带和四川盆地的耦合地带向上运移（或称逆冲）,且在龙门山地表三条断裂构成的断裂系向下延伸到20 km左右深处汇聚,二者强烈碰撞、挤压、震源介质破裂;在物质与能量的强烈交换下,应力得到释放,故形成了这次M_s.0强烈地震.为此从深部初步揭示了这次强烈地震“孕育”、发生和发展的深层动力过程.     

位场向下延拓迭代法收敛性分析及稳健向下延拓方法研究

地磁导航作为一种新的无源导航方式,具有重要的国防意义.构建空间地磁数据库是实现地磁导航的基础,位场延拓是解决地磁数据库构建的有效方法.积分-迭代法是一种解决位场大深度向下延拓的实用方法.本文着重对积分-迭代法的收敛性进行了分析,从数学角度证明积分-迭代法能够收敛到直接下延法理论解.同时对积分-迭代法的抗干扰性进行了初步分析,当观测数据含有噪声时,积分-迭代过程中使得噪声得到累加,影响延拓数据的精度.本文利用正则化方法和递增型维纳滤波方法,提出了波数域位场向下延拓新算法.模型检验表明,新算法稳定、抗干扰能力强、计算速度快.     

`Our resistance will be as transnational as capital': Convergence space and strategy in globalising resistance

This paper analyses the emerging globalising networks of communication, solidarity, and information-sharing between social movements and other resistance formations in opposition to neoliberal globalisation. In particular, the paper focuses upon People's Global Action – a network of various social movemnets and grassroots intitiatives from around the world. The paper argues that such a network represents not an organisation, but rather a convergence space – a heterogenous affinity of common ground between resistance formations wherein certain interests, goals, tactics and strategies converge. The paper analyses how space and strategy are negotiated in these globalising terrains of resistance, and argues that place-specific struggles are engaging with alliances and collaborations across diverse boundaries of gender, generation, class, and ethnicity – globalising the common ground between different struggles. Explaining how the internet has been crucial to the development of these networks, the paper argues that the strategies of such networks can be interpreted, in part, through the Taoist text, The Art of War, especially the Taoist notions of terrain, knowing others, and form/lessness. In addition, the paper argues that convergence spaces are fragmented by important issues of language, power, and mobility.     

MIS 6期以来热带西太平洋降雨与ITCZ的关系

通过Ontong-Java海台KX97322-4孔沉积物中浮游有孔虫表层种Globigerinoides ruber的Mg/Ca海表温度(SST)并结合其δ18O得到过去约200ka B.P.以来当地水文(盐度和降雨)指标,结果表明从MIS 6期以来,热带太平洋暖池区温度变化存在明显的冰期-间冰期波动,降温幅度超过3℃.通过与赤道东太平洋对比表明热带太平洋在过去冰消期和冰期中的升温阶段呈现出类El Ni(n)o的状态,向两极输送水汽和热量.在冰消期,热带太平洋纬向温度梯度降低,全球升温,全球冰量下降.在冰期中升温阶段(MIS 6)热带太平洋纬向温度梯度降低时全球冰量却持续增加,可能此时输送热量不足以使两极冰川融化,带来的水汽又促进了两极冰川的形成.通过与中国石笋记录和热带降雨记录对比,表明热带太平洋纬向温度梯度的变化与热带辐合带(ITCZ)的移动密切相关,并且影响到东亚夏季风的降雨状况,热带太平洋类ENSO过程可能对ITCZ的变化存在内部系统调谐的作用.     

气象场经验正交函数不同展开方案收敛性问题的探讨

本文从理论上证明EOFs(经验正交函数)用于气象场时,三种不同计算方案特征值的相互关系.指出利用原始场积和矩阵展开的特征值λ_j等于用协方差阵展开的特征值λ_j~*加上平均场方差引起的特征值λ_j.进而论证了收敛速度差舁的原因.最后又以实例表明,不同展开方案的典型场意义及其与时间权重系数的对应关系.     

2008汶川Ms8.0地震发生的深层过程和动力学响应

汶川Ms8.0强烈地震发生在一条现今并不活动的龙门山构造带上,造成了以汶川、映秀为中心及其周边地域的严重破坏和人员的重大伤亡.然而强烈震发生前却未见有可能的确切征兆或浅表层异常活动,即浅层过程与地震发生的深层过程并不匹配.为此对这次强烈地震"孕育"、发生和发展的深层过程进行了分析和探讨,初步研究表明:①在印度洋板块与欧亚板块陆—陆碰撞、挤压作用下,喜马拉雅造山带东构造结向NNE方向顶挤、楔入青藏高原东北缘,迫使高原深部物质向东流展,在受到以龙门山为西北边界的四川盆地阻隔下,一部分物质则转而向东南侧向运移;②龙门山地带在地形上差达3500±500m左右,而地壳厚度在龙门山西北部为60±5km左右,四川盆地为40±2km左右,而龙门山地带与其东、西两侧相比则为地壳厚度变化幅度达15～20km的突变地域,即为应力作用的耦合地带;③中、下地壳和地幔盖层物质以地壳低速层、低阻层(深20～25km)为第一滑移面,以上地幔软流层顶面为第二滑移面,且在四川盆地深部"刚性"物质阻隔下,深部壳、幔物质以高角度在龙门山构造带和四川盆地的耦合地带向上运移(或称逆冲),且在龙门山地表三条断裂构成的断裂系向下延伸到20km左右深处汇聚,二者强烈碰撞、挤压、震源介质破裂;在物质与能量的强烈交换下,应力得到释放,故形成了这次Ms8.0强烈地震.为此从深部初步揭示了这次强烈地震"孕育"、发生和发展的深层动力过程.     

热岛环流的动力学分析

文中根据线性化的大气方程组求得了城市热岛环流的理论模式。利用此模式分析了温度场和流场的三维结构,并和观测结果做了对比。在解析解中,研究了大气条件诸如风速、湍流扩散系数、Ragleigh摩擦以及层结的影响,同时讨论了重力波对温度分布垂直结构的效应。     

逆风区的回波演变与强对流天气的结构分析

为研究逆风区回波结构的演变与中尺度强对流天气发生发展的关系,分析了2005年4月30日和6月22日在江西省境内有逆风区现象的强对流天气的多普勒雷达回波特征,对逆风区的回波强度与速度的演变进行对比分析后认为：逆风区不仅是暴雨判据,也是强对流天气的判据。逆风区的伸展高度一般较高,有逆风区的存在基本上都伴有剧烈的天气过程,只要逆风区的结构一直存在,强回波的反射率因子就不会减弱。本文提出了一种逆风区的三维结构模型,逆风区回波反映了强对流的生消结构,逆风区实为前方辐合上升、后方下沉的涡管结构,它是认识强对流天气系统三维结构的重要信息。     

Collision tectonics of the Central Indian Suture zone as inferred from a deep seismic sounding study

The Central Indian Suture (CIS) is a mega-shear zone extending for hundreds of kilometers across central India. Reprocessing of deep seismic reflection data acquired across the CIS was carried out using workstation-based commercial software. The data distinctly indicate different reflectivity characteristics northwest and southeast of the CIS. Reflections northwest of the CIS predominantly dip southward, while the reflection horizons southeast of the CIS dip northward. We interpret these two adjacent seismic fabric domains, dipping towards each other, to represent a suture between two crustal blocks. The CIS itself is not imaged as a sharp boundary, probably due to the disturbed character of the crust in a 20 to 30-km-wide zone. The time sections also show the presence of strong bands of reflectors covering the entire crustal column in the first 65 km of the northwestern portion of the profile. These reflections predominantly dip northward creating a domal structure with the apex around 30 km northwest of the CIS. There are a very few reflections in the upper 2–2.5 s two-way time (TWT), but the reflectivity is good below 2.5 s TWT. The reflection Moho, taken as the depth to the deepest set of reflections, varies in depth from 41 to 46 km and is imaged sporadically across the profile with the largest amplitude occurring in the northwest. We interpret these data as recording the presence of a mid-Proterozoic collision between two micro-continents, with the Satpura Mobile Belt being thrust over the Bastar craton.     

Marine debris collects within the North Pacific Subtropical Convergence Zone

Floating marine debris, particularly derelict fishing gear, is a hazard to fish, marine mammals, turtles, sea birds, coral reefs, and even human activities. To ameliorate the economic and environmental impact of marine debris, we need to efficiently locate and retrieve dangerous debris at sea. Guided by satellite-derived information, we made four flights north of Hawaii in March and April 2005. During these aerial surveys, we observed over 1800 individual pieces of debris, including 122 derelict fishing nets. The largest debris concentrations were found just north of the North Pacific Transition Zone Chlorophyll Front (TZCF) within the North Pacific Subtropical Convergence Zone (STCZ). Debris densities were significantly correlated with sea-surface temperature (SST), chlorophyll-a concentration (Chla), and the gradient of Chla. A Debris Estimated Likelihood Index (DELI) was developed to predict where high concentrations of debris would be most likely in the North Pacific during spring and early summer.