一种简化的混凝土结构地震损伤评估模型及方法

随着地震工程学的发展和结构抗震设计思想和理论的进步,探讨结构在地震作用下的地震损伤破坏机理和基于结构性能的抗震设计方法(PBSD)逐渐得到了各国专家、学者的重视。而地震损伤评估的研究就是其中的一个重要方向。鉴于现阶段混凝土结构地震损伤评估方法的局限性,本文采用推广的混凝土材料的Mazars损伤模型,进而提出了一种基于常规有限元分析荷载子步的简化的地震损伤评估方法,这种方法实现简单,便于实际工程应用,同时具有一定的精细性。最后,将本文的损伤评估方法应用到一个钢筋混凝土框架的地震损伤评估实例中,分析结果与实验和实际的震害比较吻合,表明本文提出的模型和方法是有效的。     

Seismic stability of concrete gravity dams strengthened by rockfill buttressing

Rockfill buttressing resting on the downstream face of masonry or concrete gravity dam is often considered as a strengthening method to improve the stability of existing dam for hydrostatic and seismic loads. Simplified methods for seismic stability analysis of composite concrete-rockfill dams are discussed. Numerical analyses are performed using a nonlinear rockfill model and nonlinear dam-rockfill interface behavior to investigate the effects of backfill on dynamic response of composite dams. A typical 35 m concrete gravity dam, strengthened by rockfill buttressing is considered. The results of analyses confirm that backfill can improve the seismic stability of gravity dams by exerting pressure on the dam in opposition to hydrostatic loads. According to numerical analyses results, the backfill pressures vary during earthquake base excitations and the inertia forces of the backfill are the main source for those variations. It is also shown that significant passive (or active) pressure cannot develop in composite dams with a finite backfill width. A simplified model is also proposed for dynamic analysis of composite dam by replacing the backfill with by a series of vertical cantilever shear beams connected to each other and to the dam by flexible links.     

大体积混凝土水化热温度变化光纤监测技术研究

本文采用拉曼散射光时域反射（ROTDR）光纤测温技术监测船闸工程闸首底板大体积混凝土浇筑水化热释放过程中混凝土结构内部的温度变化,采用布拉格光栅（FBG）光栅测温技术监测混凝土表层的温度变化。监测结果表明,结构尺寸为14.8m29.2m3m的底板在混凝土浇筑完成第5d时内部温度后达到最大值,最大值为54.5℃,底板混凝土上、下表层的温度达到最大值时间相对较晚;在混凝土浇筑完成第6d时上表层温度达到最大值46.7℃;在混凝土浇筑完成第10d时下表层温度达到最大值46.5℃。根据监测结果,综合分析了混凝土水化热释放过程,并验证了ROTDR和FBG技术应用于大体积混凝土浇筑水化热温度场变化过程监测的可行性。研究成果对于完善分布式光纤温度感测技术,优化船闸工程结构的设计、施工和维护具有重要意义。     

坝料流变对高面板堆石坝的应力变形影响研究

在高应力状态下坝料的流变较为明显。为研究坝料流变对混凝土面板坝应力变形的影响,采用长科院九参数幂级数流变模型及其试验参数,对某高混凝土面板堆石坝进行应力、变形分析。结果表明,坝料流变使坝体变形明显增加,坝体应力有所减小。考虑坝料的流变特性后的面板法向位移(挠度)明显增加,面板坝轴向和顺坡向应力极值增加。对于分期浇筑面板和分期蓄水的高混凝土面板堆石坝,选用合适的流变本构模型正确地模拟堆石体的流变特性,可以为大坝填筑进度及面板分期浇筑时间的确定提供参考,并有助于正确地预测大坝的应力变形。     

A unified approach for long-term behavior and seismic response of AAR-affected concrete dams

Concrete dams suffering from alkali-aggregate reaction (AAR) exhibit swelling and deterioration of concrete or even cracking over a long period. The deterioration of concrete may significantly affect the dynamic behavior of the structures, and it is necessary to estimate seismic safety of the deteriorated dams subjected to strong earthquakes. A unified approach is presented in this paper for long-term behavior and seismic response analysis of AAR-affected concrete dams by combining AAR kinetics, effects of creep and plastic-damage model in the finite element method. The proposed method is applied to a gravity dam and an arch dam. The long-term behavior of the AAR-affected dams is first predicted in terms of anisotropic swelling, spatially non-uniform deterioration of concrete, and cracking initiation and propagation with the development of AAR. The seismic response of the deteriorated dams is subsequently analyzed based on the state of the structures at the end of the long-term analysis. The AAR-induced expansion displacements obtained from the proposed method are in good agreement with the measured ones in the long-term operation. The simulated cracking patterns in the dams caused by the continuing AAR are also similar to the field observation. The results from the seismic analysis show that AAR-induced deterioration of concrete and cracking may lead to more severe damage cracking in the dams during earthquake. The dynamic displacements are also increased compared with the dams that are not suffering from AAR. The seismic safety of the AAR-affected concrete dams is significantly reduced because of the AAR-induced deterioration of concrete and cracking.     

碎石环梁与混凝土环梁超大储罐强夯地基沉降变形对比研究

地层沉降及不均匀沉降控制是储罐建造安全性保障的重要环节。本文重点分析了加设碎石环梁强夯地层的沉降变形特征,综合比较了碎石环梁与混凝土环梁加固储罐地基土的环向、径向沉降与不均匀沉降差异;指出地层差异能影响两类环梁基础的地基土加固效果;考察了碎石环梁弹性模量改变对储罐地基土沉降规律的影响;比较了截面为矩形的混凝土环梁与梯形碎石环梁对储罐地层的加固效果;并给出了碎石环梁加固储罐地基土的工程建议。研究成果可为类似工程建设提供借鉴参考。     

Micromorphology: as a tool in the detection, analyses and interpretation of (glacial) sediments and man-made materials

Micromorphology can be used in studying a wide range of earth materials. Within the last decades, the technique has been applied across an ever-widening range of sediments and materials. Micromorphology provides insight into sediments from various geological environments. Microstructures and the relationship of matrix (plasma) to skeleton grains offer an understanding of deposition, deformation, and postdepositional diagenesis. Examples from Germany and Antarctica illustrate the value of micromorphology providing a robust method for microstratigraphic interpretation. Micromorphology has proved invaluable in detecting toxic substances with sediments. Likewise, micromorphological examination of concrete has revealed new clues to processes of concrete ‘setting’ and diagenesis.     

混凝土路面板块裂缝的产生原因及预防

混凝土路面板块裂缝将直接影响路面的使用功能。根据水泥砼路面建设的施工实践 ,初步归纳了混凝土路面板块裂缝的主要类型 ,分析了各自产生的原因并介绍了预防措施     

Concrete sulfate corrosion coupled with hydraulic pressure

Abstract

A type of sealed steel box was designed to simulate sulfate attack and hydraulic pressure on concrete. Cup-shaped concrete specimens with water/cement (w/c) ratios of 0.4, 0.5, and 0.6 were fabricated. During the 270 days corrosion time, corrosion behavior on concrete surfaces was observed every 30 days. The extent of damage on concrete was calculated on the basis of the results of periodic ultrasonic testing. After the completion of experiments, X-ray fluorescence analysis was conducted on the element contents at different depth locations of partial specimens. Experimental results showed that hydraulic pressure accelerated the sulfate attack on concrete, and high pressure yielded serious damage. In comparison with zero pressure, the accelerating coefficients of 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3?MPa hydraulic pressures were 1.48, 1.75, and 2.35, respectively. Hydraulic sulfate corrosion can bring additional sulfate ions into concrete and cause chemical and physical sulfate corrosions on concrete simultaneously, thereby resulting in serious damage on concrete. The reduction of w/c ratio and incorporation of fly ash are beneficial for concrete to resist hydraulic sulfate attack.     

青岛海水拌和混凝土力学性能试验研究

海水拌和的水泥净浆在标准稠度用水量和体积安定性方面与淡水拌和的水泥净浆没有明显差别,但凝结时间提前。水泥胶砂和混凝土的抗压、抗折强度与淡水拌和的相当。海水拌和的混凝土配合比可以采用淡水混凝土的配合比。