肾脏CT扫描前准备工作的改进方法

本文回顾分析１９８７年３月￣１９９２年５月行肾脏ＣＴ扫描１０２例，其中诊断肾结石３１，当时因ＣＴ扫描前准备方法问题，及开始经验不足造成４例无结石的病人误诊为结石。找到误诊石的原因是ＣＴ扫描前静脉试验及口服泛影葡胺造影剂造成，采取改进ＣＴ扫描前准备方法；（１）扫描前不行静脉试验（２）口服造影剂改为口服温水或牛奶，经上述改进方法，以后未出现造影剂造成肾结石误诊。     

面部和颅底骨折的CT分析

为了提高对面部和颅底骨折的认为。本组７４例，男性６３例，女性１１例，年龄２－７１岁，车祸外伤６４例，拳击伤５例，铁棍击伤２例，从高处跌下３例，全部病例均采用轴位ＣＴ平扫。眶内壁骨折２０例，其中爆裂骨的１１例，直接骨折８例，１列同时受直接和间接外力作用；眶下壁骨折１例，为爆裂骨折；眶外后壁骨折１例，眶顶壁骨折９例，均为直接骨折；其他骨折３３例；蝶窦内液平为颅底骨折的重要间接征象。ＣＴ检查可确定骨折类     

地形表面反射强度的数学层析成像方法

若二维ＲＦ窄波反射函数是定义在地面一圆形区域内部的，并假定该圆域表面介质是弱反射介质，那么在给定时刻，接收发射器（如机载合成孔径雷达）所接收到的近回数据可视 过该圆域的一圆弧上的线积分值，Ｍｕｍｓｏｎ，ｅｔ，ａｌ。在假定圆域半径与接收发射器运动路径到该圆域中心的距离相比很小的情况，用直线上的线积分值来代替圆弧线上的线积分值，利用古典的Ｒａｄｏｎ变换方法，给出了该圆域反射函数的成像模式。本文将克服这     

新丰江水库三维速度结构和震源参数的联合反演

本文对ACH方法做简化处理,先以一个地震为单元形成子矩阵,并将慢度扰动用一平均量来代替;在修正参数时,震源部分按常规进行,对慢度部分则利用代数重建技术将其分配到各个块体上.数值模拟结果表明,该方法能很好地反演震源位置和速度结构.运用新丰江遥测台网的数据进行研究,表明地震强活动区位于大坝附近,特别是在人字石断裂和高寨断裂的交汇处,震源集中沿罗坑-双下、葫芦凹-燕岩和黄竹蒿3条地震带,呈密集的高倾角分布,地震活动主要与北北西向构造和东西向构造有关,而与地表甚为发育的北东东向构造关系不大.速度图像中的低速区对应地表的破碎区,即地震带区域,也是该区重磁异常急剧变化的区域;而高速区内地震较少.上述特征同水的渗透作用有密切关系.     

采用射线寻迹的井间层析成像

本文采用二维井间观测走时反演地震波速,用迭代射线寻迹走时成像方法进行层析成像.作者导出三次多项式插值基函数计算离散网格内的折射率分布,还给出了具有自己特点的二步扫描法,不但加快了正演计算时间,同时方便地建立走时残差与模型修正量的关系.考虑到实际应用时,震源与接收器常不位于同一平面,为此进行了校正,并给出了校正方法,提高了重建精度. 数值的与实际应用的结果表明,本文给出的层析成像算法是快速的、稳定的、适用的.     

用C波段双线偏振雷达研究冰雹云

本文计算了不同相态、不同形状的降水粒子对5.6cm,10.7cm雷达波的散射特性,并利用降水粒子散射特性及云雨雷达回波的Z_(DR)特征并结合地面降雹情况,分析并解释了1990年8月9日和8月30日甘肃省平凉两次雹暴过程的雷达RHI资料.我们推测:Z_(DR)值为负值的区域相应于降雹区,ZDR负值与大扁冰雹和小锥状冰雹关系密切;而雨区Z_(DR)具有较大正值,雨区大于5dB的Z_(DR)由直径D>0.5cm的雨滴所致.利用冰雹区和雨区Z_(DR)信息的不同可能识别降水粒子的相态.C波段双线偏振雷达和10cm波长雷达相比有独到之处:雨区Z_(DR)值较大,而冰雹区Z_(DR)值又较小,这更有利于研究云雨相态和空间结构.可以预期双线偏振雷达对防雹工作及云物理研究工作是有很大帮助的.     

Riometer absorption events at SANAE,L=4.0

The absorption of cosmic radio noise passing through the ionosphere may be described as a function of radio wave frequencyA(f _e ) f _e ^-n , with n 2.0 for spatially uniform precipitation of electrons and n < 2.0 for spatially nonuniform precipitation. Using multifrequency riometer recordings at SANAE, the following observations are reviewed: (1) The frequency distribution of the power index, n, obtained from 4 min averaged absorptions during 1983, shows a most probable value around n 1.5, indicating that mostly energetic electrons are precipitated spatially structured onto the upper atmosphere, as in optical aurora. (2) Multifrequency riometer recordings suggest that field-aligned ionospheric irregularities have scattered additional cosmic radio waves from the central region of the Galaxy into the fields of views of the riometer antennae during an auroral absorption event in the early morning hours of 27 July, 1982. With the power reflectivity by ionospheric irregularities inversely proportional to the fourth power of radio wave frequency, as required by the Bragg condition, an estimated 70% increase in the 20 MHz radio flux at 01:22 UT, at the strong absorption peak, can explain the strongly reduced absorption observed in 20 MHz relative to 30 and 51.4 MHz. (3) Gradual increases in absorptions observed at all three riometer frequencies from onset at 11:50 UT of the largest solar proton ground level enhancement on 29 September, 1989, until 18:00 UT, suggest diffusion of the much more intense low energy protons from the polar cap to the L=4.0 geomagnetic field shell and subsequent precipitation at SANAE due to the South Atlantic Geomagnetic Anomaly. (4) The flux of electron energy deposited per second at SANAE is closely related to geomagnetic activity, but has a lower maximum during the years 1971 and 1980 of solar polar magnetic reversals than in the years 1976 and 1986/87 of minimum solar activity. (5) A significant correlation has been found between the arrival of single-hop whistlers and 30 MHz riometer absorption events, using point statistics. The maximum absorption at 30 MHz was 0.04 dB with a delay of 3 ± 2 s relative to the whistler.     

Non-thermal shielding effects on the Compton scattering power in astrophysical plasmas

The non-thermal shielding effects on the inverse Compton scattering are investigated in astrophysical non-thermal Lorentzian plasmas. The inverse Compton power is obtained by the modified Compton scattering cross section in Lorentzian plasmas with the blackbody photon distribution. The total Compton power is also obtained by the Lorentzan distribution of plasmas. It is found that the influence of non-thermal character of the plasma suppresses the inverse Compton power in astrophysical Lorentzian plasmas. It is also found that the non-thermal effect on the inverse Compton power decreases with an increase of the temperature. In addition, the non-thermal effect on the total Compton power with Lorentzan plasmas increases in low-temperature photons and, however, decreases in intermediate-temperature photons with increasing Debye length. The variation of the total Compton power is also discussed.     

Scattering of a spherical pulse from a small inhomogeneity: Dilatation and rotation

Perturbations in elastic constants and density distinguish a volume inhomogeneity from its homogeneous surroundings. The equation of motion for the first order scattering is studied in the perturbed medium. The scattered waves are generated by the interaction between the primary waves and the inhomogeneity. First order scattering theory is modified to include the source term generating the primary waves. The body force equivalent to the scattering source is presented in a convenient form involving the perturbations in wave velocities and gradient of density perturbation. A procedure is presented to study the scattering of a spherical pulse from a small inhomogeneity, in time domain. The size of inhomogeneity is assumed small as compared to its distance from source and receiver. No restrictions are placed on the positions of source, receiver and inhomogeneity. The dilatation and rotations are calculated for a pulse scattered from an arbitrary point in a spherical volume. The aggregate of the scattered phases from all the points of the inhomogeneity, reaching at a fixed receiver, gives the amount of scattering from the inhomogeneity. The interaction of bothP andS waves with inhomogeneity are considered. Dilatation and rotations for scattering are obtained as integral expressions over the solid angle of inhomogeneity. These expressions are computed numerically, for hypothetical models. The effects of source (unit force) orientations, velocity and density perturbations, and size of inhomogeneity, on the scattered phases, are discussed.     

岩石非均匀性对超声衰减的影响及其修正

在充分考虑了岩石的非均匀性引起的Rayleigh散射对衰减测量值的影响后，通过有关理论和计算，将岩石的本征衰减和散射加以区分，对原先以均匀介质为基本假定的频谱比法进行了修正，改进后的频谱比法可在较宽的频率范围内进行Q值计算，避免了传统频谱比法在不同频段上得出不同的Q值的不确定性问题，同时，我们还引进并改进了频率移动法，我们将传统和改进的频谱比法，以及频率移动法应用于同一套实验数据，计算结果符合较好。