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111.
依托某储油罐的碎石桩复合地基处理实例,进行了复合地基现场变形、荷载传递及固结速率的长期监测。参照工程实际建立了碎石桩复合地基三维有限元水土耦合分析模型,讨论了碎石桩桩长以及复合地基置换率对碎石桩复合地基工程性状的影响。监测结果和有限元数值分析结果表明:碎石桩复合地基对于沉降和水平位移的控制效果较好,保证了施工过程中地基的稳定性;随着上部荷载的增加,桩土应力比逐渐增大。碎石桩给地基提供了良好的排水通道,有效加快了地基的固结速率;碎石桩复合地基沉降随着桩长和置换率的增加而减小,但达到一定程度时,置换率和桩长对沉降的减少效果有限;复合地基桩土应力比随着桩长的增加而增大,随着置换率的增大而减小;置换率和桩长的增加都能加快碎石桩复合地基的固结速率,但是置换率对固结速率的影响更大一些。 相似文献
112.
113.
根据青藏高原16个气象观测台站有关气温和降水的多年数据,分析了近40年来青藏高原的气候变化特征。结果表明,近40年来青藏高原气候变化的总趋势是气温升高,降水量稍有增加。这种气候波动变化,对高原植被、冰雪水及土地沙化都有较大的影响。据预测到2100年青藏高原气温将上升2~3 6℃,降水量在高原中部和东部增加约0~300mm,而在西南部将减少0~500mm。气候的变化使植被群落发生明显的变化,分布界线向更高的海拔高度迁移。也使高原冰川退缩,但未来冰川不一定消失。 相似文献
114.
Poverty at the national and sub-national level is commonly mapped on the basis of household surveys. Typical poverty metrics like the head count index are not able to identify its underlaying factors, particularly in rural economies based on subsistence agriculture. This paper relates agro-ecological marginality identified from regional and global datasets including remote sensing products like the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and rainfall to rural agricultural production and food consumption in Burkina Faso. The objective is to analyze poverty patterns and to generate a fine resolution poverty map at the national scale. We compose a new indicator from a range of welfare indicators quantified from Georeferenced household surveys, indicating a spatially varying set of welfare and poverty states of rural communities. Next, a local spatial regression is used to relate each welfare and poverty state to the agro-ecological marginality. Our results show strong spatial dependency of welfare and poverty states over agro-ecological marginality in heterogeneous regions, indicating that environmental factors affect living conditions in rural communities. The agro-ecological stress and related marginality vary locally between rural communities within each region. About 58% variance in the welfare indicator is explained by the factors of rural agricultural production and 42% is explained by the factor of food consumption. We found that the spatially explicit approach based on multi-temporal remote sensing products effectively summarizes information on poverty and facilitates further interpretation of the newly developed welfare indicator. The proposed method was validated with poverty incidence obtained from national surveys. 相似文献
115.
In this paper, we propose a means of finding multi-scale corresponding object-set pairs between two polygon datasets by means of hierarchical co-clustering. This method converts the intersection-ratio-based similarities of two objects from two datasets, one from each dataset, into the objects’ proximity in a geometric space using a Laplacian-graph embedding technique. In this space, the method finds hierarchical object clusters by means of agglomerative hierarchical clustering and separates each cluster into object-set pairs according to the datasets to which the objects belong. These pairs are evaluated with a matching criterion to find geometrically corresponding object-set pairs. We applied the proposed method to the segmentation result of a composite image with 6 NDVI images and a forest inventory map. Regardless of the different origins of the datasets, the proposed method can find geometrically corresponding object-set pairs which represent hierarchical distinctive forest areas. 相似文献
116.
Adsorption studies of aqueous Pb(II) onto a sugarcane bagasse/multi-walled carbon nanotube composite
Adsorption of Pb2+ from aqueous solution onto a sugarcane bagasse/multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) composite was investigated by using a series of batch adsorption experiments and compared with the metal uptake ability of sugarcane bagasse. The efficiency of the adsorption processes was studied experimentally at various pH values, contact times, adsorbent masses, temperatures and initial Pb2+ concentrations. A pH of 4.5 was found to be the optimum pH to obtain a maximum adsorption percentage in 120 min of equilibration time. The composite showed a much enhanced adsorption capacity for Pb2+ of 56.6 mg g−1 compared with 23.8 mg g−1 for bagasse at 28 °C. The Langmuir adsorption isotherm provided the best fit to the equilibrium adsorption data. The pseudo first-order, pseudo second-order, intraparticle diffusion and Elovich kinetics models were used to analyse the rate of lead adsorption and the results show that the Elovich model is more suitable. The thermodynamic parameters of adsorption, namely ΔG°, ΔH° and ΔS°, were determined over the temperature range of 20–45 °C. The adsorption of Pb2+ onto both bagasse and the sugarcane bagasse/MWCNT composite was found to be spontaneous but for the former adsorbent it was enthalpy-driven whereas for the latter it was entropy-driven. Desorption of the lead-loaded adsorbents was fairly efficient with 0.1 mol dm−3 HCl. Overall this composite has the potential to be a good adsorbent for the removal of Pb2+ from wastewaters. 相似文献
117.
118.
基于钻探的芦花台隐伏断层晚第四纪活动特征 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The Luhuatai fault is one of the important buried tectonics in the Yinchuan basin. Based on the results of shallow seismic exploration, we conducted composite drilling section exploration and dating of the samples from boreholes. Some useful data was obtained, such as the depth of the upper breaking point, the latest activity age, displacement in the late Quaternary, and slip rates, etc. This study shows that the activity is different between the north and south segment along the Luhuatai fault. The north segment is a Holocene fault, while the south segment is a late mid-Pleistocene fault. From north to south along the north segment of Luhuatai fault, the activity has been enhanced, and the faulting is stronger in late Pleistocene than Holocene. 相似文献
119.
热带地区100 hPa东风气流的气候效应(Ⅰ): 与华南气候的关系 总被引:3,自引:3,他引:0
利用NCEP/NCAR再分析资料、西太平洋副热带高压(下称西太副高)指数距平资料,分析了热带地区100hPa东风强度与华南气候之间的关系。结果表明:(1)冬季东风强度与同期及3月份华南降水存在显著的负相关关系。合成分析表明,弱东风年冬季华南地区700hPa为西南风距平,有利于孟加拉湾的暖湿空气向华南上空输送。(2)前期秋冬季节平均东风强度与区域平均的华南夏季气温之间存在很好的相关关系,相关系数达到-0.617。合成分析发现,弱东风年夏季西太副高偏强,位置偏西,使得华南地区在强副高控制之下,多为晴空少云天气,气温偏高。 相似文献
120.
During oil spills, the aquatic environment is greatly endangered because oil floats on water making the penetration of sunlight difficult therefore primary productivity is compromised, birds and aquatic organisms are totally eliminated within a short period. It is therefore essential to remove the oil from the water bodies after the spillage. This work reports on the fabrication of oil loving electrospun polystyrene-exofoliated graphite fibre with hydrophobic and oleophillic surface properties. The fibre was applied for the selective adsorption of crude oil from simulated crude oil spillage on water. The maximum oil adsorption capacity of the EPS/EG was 1.15 kg/g in 20 min while the lowest oil adsorption capacity was 0.81 kg/g in 10 min. Cheap oil adsorbent was developed with superoleophillic and superhydrophobic properties. 相似文献