折射法和高密度电法在古滑坡勘探中的应用

古滑坡体地球物理调查方法技术的选择对勘探效果至关重要。以吉林省通化市拟建集安—通化高速公路滑坡体为例,采用折射波法和高密度电法,利用二维反演技术进行数据处理。结合地质信息,确定了滑坡体的形态及厚度变化,厚度最大约20 m,滑坡性质为堆积层滑坡。研究结果表明折射波法和高密度电法进行古滑坡勘探,效果较好。     

高密度电阻率勘测方法分辨率研究与探讨

随着高密度电阻率法在工程中的应用日益广泛,对分辨率的影响因素分析研究也受到重视。论文以均匀半空间局部直立异常体为探测目标,建立多个基于温纳高密度电法装置的地电模型,采用有限元等方法进行正反演数值模拟分析,对高密度电阻率法探测分辨率的影响规律进行探讨。分析表明,地形起伏会引起异常体的位置与形态发生畸变和位移,分辨率降低; 电阻率差异增大,分辨率提高; 深径比增大,分辨率降低; 当异常体的水平范围一定时,探测分辨率随纵深的增大而提高。     

Vertical dynamic response of a pipe pile in saturated soil layer

An analytical solution is developed in this paper to investigate the vertical time-harmonic response of a pipe pile embedded in a viscoelastic saturated soil layer. The wave propagation in the saturated soil is simulated by Biot’s 3D poroelastic theory and that in the pipe pile is simulated by 1D elastodynamic theory. Potential functions are applied to decouple the governing equations of the soil. The analytical solutions of the outer and inner soil in frequency domain are obtained by the method of separation of variables. The vertical response of the pipe pile is then obtained based on the continuity assumption of the displacement and stress between the pipe pile and both the outer and inner soil. The solution is compared with existing solutions to verify the validity. Numerical examples are presented to analyze the vibration characteristics of the pile.     

Connectivity between the western and eastern limbs of the Bushveld Complex

The mafic layered rocks of the Bushveld Complex are 6–8 km thick and crop out over an area of 65,000 km². Previous interpretations of the Bouguer gravity anomalies suggested that the intrusion consisted of two totally separate bodies. However, the mafic sequences in these arcuate western and eastern limbs are remarkably similar, with at least six petrologically distinctive layers and sequences being recognisable in both limbs. Such similarity of sequences in two totally discrete bodies 200–300 km apart is petrologically implausible, and it is suggested that they formed within a single lopolithic intrusion.

All previous Bouguer gravity models failed to consider the isostatic response of the crust to emplacement of this huge mass of mafic magma. Isostatic adjustment as a result of this intrusion would have caused the base of the crust to be depressed by as much as 6 km. With this revised whole crustal model, it becomes possible to construct a gravity model, consistent with observed data, which includes a 6 km-thick sequence of mafic rocks connecting the western and eastern limbs of the Bushveld Complex. The exact depth at which the mafic rocks of the Bushveld Complex lie in the centre of the structure cannot be constrained by the gravity data.

Such a first-order model is an approximation, because there have been subsequent deformation and structural readjustments in the crust, some of them probably related to the emplacement of the Bushveld Complex. Specifically, the observed geometry of the rocks around the Crocodile River, Dennilton, Marble Hall and Malope Domes suggests that major upwarping of the crust occurred on a variety of scales, triggered by emplacement of the Bushveld Complex.     

岩石热导率的温压实验及分析

岩石热导率是岩石热物性中最主要者，是研究地壳和上地幔热结构、地球深部热状态以及各种工程岩体内空气与围岩之间热交换的重要参数，该参数的测定不但是大地热流测量的重要内容之一，也是矿山采掘、石油开发和地热能利用不可缺少的工作。本文简要介绍了利用环形热源法在不同温压条件下对岩石热导率的测试和研究。文中不但介绍了测量原理和测量装置结构，并给出了不同岩性岩石在室温至１８０℃、常压至２２ＭＰａ状态下的测量结果，     

Integration of remote sensing and electrical sounding data for hydrogeological exploration—a case study of Bakhar watershed,India / Intégration de données de télédétection et de sondages électriques pour l'exploration hydrogéologique—étude de cas du bassin versant de Bakhar,Inde

Abstract

A geographical information system (GIS) was used for the integration of hydrological data acquired using remote sensing and geoelectrical techniques to understand the groundwater condition of Bakhar watershed, Mirazpur District, UP, India. Indian remote sensing IRS-1D, LISS—III data were used to prepare a geomorphological and lineament map of the Bakhar watershed. Vertical electrical sounding (VES) was carried out in different geomorphic units, and ranges of electrical resistivity values were assigned to the different formations by calibrating electrical resistivity with borehole data. Based on these, a subsurface resistivity map and an aquifer thickness map were prepared. Several layers were superimposed using GIS techniques. Each theme was assigned a weight, depending on its influence on groundwater recharge. Each class or unit in the map was assigned a knowledge-based rank from one to four, depending on its significance in storage and transmittance of groundwater, and these were then multiplied by the layer weighting to produce a score. Based on these scores, the watershed was categorized into different groundwater potential zones. The results indicate that the eastern and northern parts of the study area have very good groundwater potential to meet the demands of water for irrigation and domestic purposes, whereas the southern region has poor groundwater potential zones. Such integrated analysis has not been attempted so far in this region for hydrogeological investigation.     

裸露岩溶区地下河管道综合地球物理方法探测研究

本文选取桂林市海洋乡裸露岩溶区地下河管道分别进行了可控源音频大地电磁法、三极电测深法和充电法试验对比研究,其综合成果得到了钻探验证.试验研究表明,充电法对具有出口、进口或天窗的地下暗河定位追踪准确,效果明显.可控源音频大地电磁法探测深度大,横向分辨率高,对寻找深部构造破碎带具有独特的优势.三极测电深法受场地条件、高阻围岩和地形起伏影响较大,不能满足对地下暗河的定位要求.     

一种适合多源地球物理数据三维可视化的快速空间索引技术

识别复杂地质条件下的地质构造,常需要融合多种地球物理探测技术的数据进行分析,应用地球物理数据三维可视化技术可以更好地解释复杂的地质现象,传统的可视化方法由于缺乏对多源地球物理数据一体化的存储管理与索引机制,使得在对大范围多源地球物理数据进行空间局部更加精细可视化时的效率很低.为了更有效地洞察研究区域的地下构造,本文研究了适合多源地球物理数据三维可视化技术的快速空间索引技术.首先根据各类地球物理数据空间分布特点,提出了一种改进的四叉树结构,用于建立对多源地球物理数据一体化存储与管理.接着利用该数据结构,文章现实了多源地球物理数据快速空间查询的机制.将此结构和机制服务于大规模多源地球物理数据精细尺度下的三维可视化,提高对特定空间范围的局部多源地球物理数据动态可视化的效率.最后给出了该数据结构下空间查询与可视化的效率分析,并通过实验对整个算法的效率进行了验证.实验表明,通过建立相应的索引机制,可在大规模多源地球物理数据条件下更高效地展示任意位置岩矿石多个物理特性之间的空间关系,为多源地球物理数据的三维可视化提供技术支撑.     

Quantifying the transferability of hydraulic parameters using geostatistics: The Boom Clay Case

The Boom Clay is currently investigated as potential host formation for the deep disposal of high-level and/or long-lived radioactive waste in Belgium. As such, the formation is expected to play a role of natural barrier, to slow the migration of radionuclides towards the biosphere for a sufficiently long time when the man-made barriers are no longer effective. In this context, the Boom Clay aquitard requires to be precisely characterized in terms of hydrogeological parameters, to confirm its role of geological barrier between its surrounding aquifers. Therefore, hydraulic conductivity and migration parameters have been intensively measured over the years in a few boreholes in Belgium; the latter are mainly located in the Mol-Dessel area, assuming historically a good lateral continuity of the geology. Combining these measurements with more densely acquired geophysical information allows quantifying their spatial variability and consolidating the continuity assumption. From a methodological point of view, the modeling of hydrogeological parameters requires to solve several issues. First, it is required to find a consistent geo-reference coordinate system allowing to laterally correlate thin observations derived from boreholes separated by several tens of kilometers. Then, in order to provide a reliable 3D model, it is compulsory to integrate the correlation between the scarcely sampled target parameters (core measurements) and numerous geophysical logs (gamma ray, resistivity). Geostatistics provides a suitable framework to analyze and solve these issues. Finally, a 3D model of the target parameters is proposed, together with an uncertainty envelope. This uncertainty quantification is of significant added value to assess the efficiency of the geological barrier. Besides the actual modeling of target parameters, the paper also presents sampling recommendations for forthcoming boreholes.     

NIGHT-FROST MODULATION OF NEAR-SURFACE SOIL-WATER ION CONCENTRATION AND THERMAL FIELDS

The modulation of the soil-water ion concentration and thermal fields resulting from night frost is illustrated with data from temperature-electric potential probes in the upper 15 cm of a sandy loam soil. The relative soil-water ion concentration, calculated from soil electric potential observations, aids in the detection of these modulation effects produced by non-conductive heat-mass transfer processes. The apparent thermal diffusivity, calculated from soil-temperature data, further facilitates the detection and analysis of these non-conductive processes. This new technology demonstrates the distorting effects of soil-water advection to the freezing zone, “ice purification” of soil water in the freezing zone and other coupled mass-heat transport effects produced by night frost. The conversion of electric potential observations to a relative index of soil-water ion concentration and the calculation of the apparent thermal diffusivity from the temperature data matrix are demonstrated as effective methods for the detection and analysis of the magnitude and direction of coupled-flow processes. [Key words: electric potential, frost, soil chemistry, soil temperature, thermal diffusivity.]