Forty‐Nine Major and Trace Element Concentrations Measured in Soil Reference Materials NIST SRM 2586, 2587, 2709a, 2710a and 2711a Using ICP‐MS and Wavelength Dispersive‐XRF

Excellent agreement was noted in the concentration of major and trace elements in five NIST (National Institute for Science and Technology) soil reference materials (NIST SRM 2586, 2587, 2709a, 2710a and 2711a) between measurement results from wavelength dispersive‐XRF and ICP‐MS from two independent laboratories, and NIST certificate of analysis and literature data. We describe the variability in concentrations of up to forty‐nine elements (plus loss on ignition) and provide values for up to twenty‐one elements previously uncharacterised by NIST in these soil RMs. The additional characterisation provided in this investigation can be utilised to reduce the measurement bias of custom calibration routines and improve the quality of control checks developed using these NIST RMs.     

A new genus and species of snipe fly (Diptera: Rhagionidae) in Lebanese Cretaceous amber

The rhagionid Lebanoleptis huangi gen. et sp. nov. is described from the Lower Cretaceous amber of Lebanon. It is characterized, illustrated, and compared with the recent and fossil genera having the same particular absence of wing vein M3. Other Mesozoic flies with similar venation and currently attributed to the Rhagionidae are briefly discussed and should be revised.     

浑善达克沙地白扦树轮宽度早晚材年表对比分析

利用浑善达克沙地白音敖包采集的白扦树芯样本,使用传统宽度测量手段和图像分析手段建立了研究区域采样点的全轮、早材、晚材宽度年表。对比分析结果表明,研究区域内基于图像分析手段和传统宽度测量手段所获取的全轮宽度数据不存在明显差异。基于图像分析手段建立的全轮、早材及晚材宽度年表之间在全频域、高频域和低频域的相关系数均呈显著正相关,且三种年表在低频变化上比在高频域更为一致。过去142年以来,全轮、早材、晚材宽度年表均具有2个低值阶段和2个高值阶段,且3个年表间的高低值变化阶段基本一致。与当地气象资料的相关分析结果显示,全轮、早材、晚材宽度年表均对气温表现出负相关,对降水变化的响应则不明显。而早材宽度与气温表现出的较高相关系数还说明了基于图像分析手段获取的该种数据具有作为气候代用资料的价值。     

托什干河流域额河杨和雪岭云杉径向生长对环境的响应对比

利用采自天山南坡托什干河流域的额河杨(Populus xjrtyschensis Ch.Y.Yang)和山区森林上线的雪岭云杉(Picea schrenkiana Fisch.et Mey)树轮样本,分别建立树轮宽度年表,选用相关函数法结合阿合奇气象站和沙里桂兰克水文站的逐月降水、温度和径流等主要环境因子,分析托什干河不同树种树木径向生长对环境因子的响应。研究表明,额河杨和森林上线的雪岭云杉树木径向生长对气候的响应均较差,位于森林上线的雪岭云杉对春季PDSI响应较好。托什干河流域树木径向生长可能受多种气象因子综合影响。同时,额河杨和雪岭云杉与径流量的相关性较高,额河杨树木径向生长响应夏季径流量,而雪岭云杉可以更好地响应水文年的径流量。本研究为利用阔叶树种重建天山山区历史气候水文变化提供参考。     

Analyse quantitative des faciès carbonatés et cycles T–R de haute fréquence dans le Barrémien du Prébalkan central (Bulgarie)

Within the Emerici zone–Barremense zone biostratigraphic interval, the Barremian deposits of Central Fore-Balkan (Lovech–Veliko Tarnovo shelf) consist of a succession of several formations where alternate terrigenous argillaceous/sandy-dominated facies (Kormjansko Fm., Balgarene Fm.) and carbonate-dominated (‘Urgonian’) facies (Krushevo Fm., Emen Fm.). The qualitative and, particularly, quantitative facies analysis of the carbonate successions observed along 13 detailed cross-sections and in one drill hole show the stacking of about 40 fifth-order T–R cycles induced by numerous eustatic jerks contributing to the progressive settlement of this shelf. These high-frequency cycles of about 100 000 years must be regarded as valuable correlation tools for the subsurface hydrocarbon research. To cite this article: V. Minkovska et al., C. R. Geoscience 336 (2004).     

Les surfaces boisées à l'échelle de la planète : usages conjoints pour la séquestration du carbone et la production d'énergie

The role of forest ecosystems in the regulation of greenhouse effect at the global scale is developed here, from two points of view, sometimes considered as opposed: carbon storage and wood production for energy. A nomenclature is proposed to understand all the various mechanisms implied in carbon storage. A comparison is made between the effects on carbon emissions of storage alone and storage with wood fuel production. Use of wood energy is proved to be a ‘bonus’ that could optimise, in the middle and long terms, the use of fossil fuel reserves. To cite this article: A. Prieur et al., C. R. Geoscience 336 (2004).     

凤鲚繁殖群体的生物学特性及因数关系的研究

本文对繁殖季节的209尾凤鲚标本进行了生物学分析。在采获的标本中,最大体长182mm,体重23.4g;最小体长94mm,体重3.5g。肥满度(k)平均为3.15×10~(-4)。其体长与体重的回归关系式为W=1.174×10~(-5)L~(2.773)。雌鱼的绝对繁殖力平均为7403.48粒,成熟系数为18.92％。雄鱼成熟系数8.02％。绝对繁殖力与体长呈曲线回归关系,F=1.906×10~(-2)L~(2.54),与体重呈直线回归关系,F=688.13W—2119.68。     

A new Burmese amber hawker dragonfly helps to redefine the position of the aeshnopteran family Burmaeshnidae (Odonata: Anisoptera: Aeshnoidea)

The new genus and species Angustaeshna magnifica of Burmaeshnidae is described on the basis of a new fossil from Burmese amber. The genus Cretaeshna from the same amber is transferred from the Telephlebiidae into the Burmaeshnidae. We redefine this last family, no longer considered as the sister group of the Late Cretaceous Enigmaeshnidae, but as putative sister group of the Telephlebiidae in the Aeshnoidea. No known fossil belongs to the Telephlebiidae.     

人工诱导雌核发育牙鲆的染色体及核型证明

于1994-1996年,分别在威海海洋渔业捕捞公司（石岛）和鸿洋实业总公司龙须岛育苗场采集人工培育的3－5龄牙鲆亲鱼,采用紫外线照射法使牙鲆精子遗传物质失活,并用冷休克法抑制受精卵第二极体释放,从而获得雌核发育二倍体牙好。原肠期采用空气干燥法、Giemsa染色,得到雌核发育二倍体、正常二倍体及单倍体的染色体制片,进行染色体和核型的分析。结果表明,牙鲆的雌核发育二倍体和正常二倍体的染色体数均为2n=48,核型为48t,即48条端部着色点染色体,臂数NF=48,两者的核型设有明显差异;单倍体为24条端部着丝点染色体;在3个组别中,第一号染色体上都有一明显的次缢痕。雌核发育二倍体牙鲆的诱导率为98％。     

环境因子对牙鲆精子运动能力的影响

于1997年5-6月,在山东荣成市石岛养殖场采用挤压法收集牙鲆亲鱼的精子,利用显微镜观察精子的活力,研究外界环境因子的变化对牙鲆精子运动能力的影响。结果表明,将蔗糖、NaCl、KCl、MgCl2、CaCl2等溶解于去离子水中,制成不同浓度即具有不同渗透压的溶液,不同渗透压的溶液对精子运动的诱导结果不同。EDTANa2溶液不能诱导精子运动。在人工海水中加入一定量的EDTANa2后,可使原先运动的精子静止;在该溶液中加入新的Ca2 后,将不再诱导原来受到EDTANa2抑制的精子。如用MgSO4代替溶液中的CaCl2,可诱导精子运动;而当用MgCl2代替溶液中的CaCl2,以及用CaCl2或NaCl代替MgSO4时,溶液即失去诱导精子运动的能力。在pH＝4.0-9、5的海水中,牙解精子均可正常运动。