金和铜矿床分类研究的过去、现状和未来

<正>1问题提出在自然科学研究中,为了阐明无数单独个体的共性和个性,对其开展分类研究极为重要,它可以使十分复杂的结构得以简化进而获取有规律性的结果.有鉴于此,与其他自然科学的分类研究一样,金和铜矿床类型的划分不仅是成矿理论研究的永恒主题之一,     

Mapping the geochemistry of the northern Rub' Al Khali using multispectral remote sensing techniques

Spatial variations in sand sea geochemistry relate to mixing of different sediment sources and to variations in weathering. Due to problems of accessibility, adequate spatial coverage cannot be achieved using field surveys alone. However, maps of geochemical composition produced from remotely sensed data can be calibrated against limited field data and the results extrapolated over large, inaccessible areas. This technique is applied to part of the Rub' Al Khali in the northern United Arab Emirates. Trend surface analysis of the results suggests that the sand sea at this location can be modelled as an east–west mixing zone of two spectral components: terrestrial reddened quartz sands and marine carbonate sands. Optical dating of these sediments suggests that dune emplacement occurred rapidly around 10 ka BP , when sea level was rising rapidly. The spatial distribution of mineralogical components suggests that this phase of dune emplacement resulted from coastal dune sands being driven inland during marine transgression, thereby becoming mixed with rubified terrestrial sands. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The sediment properties of glacial diamicts from the Jutulsessen area of Gjelsvikfjella,East Antarctica: A reflection of source materials and regional climate

The glacial diamicts deposited in the Jutulsessen area of Gjelsvikfjella, Dronning Maud Land, East Antarctica show the effects of localized meltwater channels and wind processes, as well as of the dominant glacial processes. These glacial sediments are characterized by poor sorting and a variable mean particle size, and the localized meltwater channels have removed silt- and clay-sized sediments, resulting in the relative enrichment of coarser sediments. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of clay minerals in samples collected across the study area show very similar characteristics. Biotite is the dominant mica mineral in the clay together with chlorite and K-feldspar. The presence of illite, and small amounts of smectite, demonstrates the limited extent of chemical weathering due to the cold and arid conditions. The samples from the glacial fan area contain mixed-layer clays, suggesting the effects of localized meltwater and limited chemical activity which has altered the crystal structure of biotite at lower topographic level. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis of surface microtextures from representative quartz grains suggest the dominance of glacial and glaciofluvial processes. The low rates of biogenic activity in this area are indicated by the low total organic carbon (TOC) content of the sediments.     

桂东金矿床的成因矿物学研究

桂东金矿产于寒武系水口群浅变质砂页岩内，石英和黄铁矿是各类金矿中主要的载金矿物。成因矿物学标型特征表明，矿床可分为变质热液、岩浆热液和复合迭加型，以后者为主。据硫、铅、氢、氧同位素组成特征，结合石英的含金性、晶胞参数和热发光性及黄铁矿微量元素等成因信息，论证了成矿物质来源、成矿流体性质与成矿的关系。金的富集是处于造山带构造环境，经历加里东运动及其以后构造—岩浆活动多次迭加的长期演化结果。据矿物的标型特征和控矿条件，认为各矿区深部、外围及该区东南部应作为今后进一步找矿的远景地区     

赣中相山元古宙斜长角闪岩的矿物学、岩石学特征及同位素地球化学研究

通过岩石学、矿物学、稀土及微量元素地球化学和Nd、Sr、Ph、O同位素组成的研究,确定相山斜长角闪岩的原岩为基性火山岩（玄武岩）,井形成于岛弧环境,主要衍生于弱亏损地幔源区,并受到地壳物质某种程度的混染。造岩矿物成分具有低角闪岩相变质作用的特征,表明它们是低角闪岩相变质作用的产物,变质作用的温压条件为550℃±,0．69Gpa±。根据斜长角闪岩原岩的形成年龄（1113Ma）及变质年龄值（726．6Ma）结合其地质地球化学特征,确认赣中相山地区存在元古宙岛弧。     

柴达木盆地昆特依盐湖含杂卤石地层高分辨率矿物学研究

柴达木盆地昆特依盐湖杂卤石资源丰富,是开展现代内陆盐湖杂卤石成因机制研究的良好载体.精细刻画沉积特征对阐释沉积矿床成因具有重要作用.本研究以昆特依盐湖大盐滩矿区ZK3608钻孔岩芯14.08-25.48 m段碎屑-杂卤石沉积韵律为研究对象,开展高分辨率矿物学研究,结合石盐流体包裹体化学组成和石盐中微量元素分析,尝试从高...     

金刚石矿物学、包裹体及碳稳定同位素研究综述

金刚石是地球上最坚硬、对形成环境要求最苛刻的矿物之一。金刚石的矿物学特征、包裹体特征及碳稳定同位素组成记录了金刚石生长、熔蚀、搬运等地质过程中的温度、压力及物质成分等信息,是探索金刚石物质来源、形成过程和地球深部物理化学环境的重要研究对象。总结了国内外金刚石矿物学特征、包裹体特征和碳稳定同位素组成的相关研究成果,发现金刚石晶形和组合及其颜色可大致区分金刚石来源; 金刚石表面特征是区分原生金刚石与砂矿金刚石的重要鉴别特征; 金刚石包裹体类型及组合、包裹体年代学及金刚石碳稳定同位素研究,可分析金刚石物质来源和地球深部物理化学环境,确定金刚石形成时代,为研究金刚石成因、地幔岩石圈深部作用过程以及壳幔相互作用提供重要依据。     

白钨矿成因矿物学研究现状及研究展望

我国是产钨大国,拥有全球60％以上的钨资源量,其中白钨矿资源的储量和开采量均长期居世界首位.作为目前世界上最为重要的工业钨矿物,白钨矿可在石英脉型Au-W矿、斑岩型Cu-Mo-W矿床、矽卡岩型矿床、脉状Sn-W矿等岩浆-热液钨多金属矿床中普遍发育,其晶体中记录着流体演化、运移及结晶沉淀的物理-化学条件等重要信息,是"精...     

四川里伍铜矿床磁黄铁矿成因矿物学研究

里伍铜矿床是产于江浪穹窿的中型富铜矿床,其磁黄铁矿的成分和结构对矿床成因有重要的指示意义。基于对矿床地质特征的认识,采用偏光显微镜、扫描电镜能谱分析、X射线衍射等方法,对主矿体内不同构造类型矿石中的磁黄铁矿的化学成分和结构进行了分析。结果表明,矿体内部只产出六方磁黄铁矿,Fe原子含量百分比为48.63%~47.99%,其成矿温度高于304℃;矿体边部同时存在六方和单斜磁黄铁矿,Fe原子百分比为45.97%~47.54%,成矿温度迅速降低至254℃以下。结合磁黄铁矿标型特征和矿床地质特征,推断里伍铜矿床是在原始矿胚发生变形变质活化的基础上,经历了燕山期中高温热液叠加改造而富集成矿。     

广东从化石岭方钠石正长岩矿物学特征及成因

广东省从化市石岭方钠石正长岩是南岭地区唯一已知的早白垩世硅酸不饱和碱性岩。岩石由方钠石、霞石、钠－钙角闪石、霓石－普通辉石、铁黑云母和条纹长石组成，不含独立相斜长石，是一种超溶线碱性正长岩。侵入于佛冈黑云母花岗岩中（γ5^2(3))，侵位年龄为127.5Ma。据霞石、方钠石和钠－钙角闪石估算，结晶时温度分别为700-800℃，660℃和600－750℃。钠－钙角闪石反映其形成在中等氧逸度下（lgfO2=-20～-25)。液相线方钠石存在反映其形成时流体压力应不高于160MPa，岩体定位深度约5－6km。钕同位素具有接近于零的εt^Nd值（-0.43～-0.47)，低的钕模式年龄（t2DM=0.96Ga)，指示岩浆可能起源于岩石圈地幔。推测在早白垩时期，南岭地区应力作用已转入拉张为主，大规模拉张作用，造成岩石圈减薄，有利于碱性岩浆形成和侵入。