遥感图像分类与后处理综合技术研究—基于约束满足神经网络方法

遥感图像计算机分类的精度问题是阻碍计算机遥感信息处理系统实用化的一个关键问题。将分类后处理中的分类结果平滑过程模型化为约束优化问题,采用神经网络方法把分类结果平滑过程与遥感图像分类过程结合起来,提出了基于约束满足神经网络的遥感信息分类与后处理综合技术。实验表明该方法可明显提高森林类型划分、土地利用调查等遥感应用专题的分类精度。     

Die neue EG‐Wasserrahmenrichtlinie: Bewertung der chemischen und ökologischen Qualität von Oberflächengewässern

The New EC Framework Water Directive: Assessment of the Chemical and Ecological Status of Surface Waters The main objective of the draft EC Framework Water Directive is the good quality of all surface waters. The directive provides for an assessment of the chemical status of surface waters (EU‐wide valid environmental quality standards for approximately 30 priority substances) and a five‐stage ecological classification of waters, comprising the stages high, good, moderate, poor, and bad. The starting point for the assessment are the reference conditions, which are defined as corresponding to high water quality and characterising a water status with no significant anthropogenic impact. The reference sites in the various water body types are to be selected using hydromorphological and physico‐chemical parameters and subsequently characterised by means of biological parameters. For surface waters, three groups of characteristics are provided for, namely: 1. with priority the biology – in the case of surface waters – with the four elements phytoplankton, macrophytes/phytobenthos, benthic invertebrate fauna, and fish fauna; 2. supporting the hydromorphology, e.g. flowing waters with the three elements hydrological regime, river continuity, and morphological conditions and 3. supporting the physico‐chemical conditions with the three elements general conditions, specific synthetic pollutants, and specific non synthetic pollutants (other than the priority substances of the chemical status).     

地理信息系统支持下的山区遥感影像决策树分类

山区遥感影像分类是遥感研究的一大难题。本文利用一种决策树生成算法（C 4.5算法）自动提取知识，基于知识建立决策树用于山区影像分类，并结合研究区土地利用类型与DEM空间统计关系的先验知识，在GIS空间分析的基础上进行影像分类的后处理。与传统的最大似然法分类结果相比，该方法极大地改善了山区地表覆被分类的精度，得到试验区较为可靠的遥感分类图像。     

生态系统完整性评价研究进展

系统地介绍了生态系统完整性概念的由来,以及对生态系统完整性进行评价的指标必须满足的原则;并从指示物种,结构-功能-组成,压力-响应等方面介绍了生态系统完整性评价指标;进一步介绍了生态系统完整性等级的划分;对目前生态系统完整性评价研究中存在的问题进行了初步的讨论。     

基于SVM测井数据的火山岩岩性识别——以辽河盆地东部坳陷为例

辽河盆地东部坳陷储集层由火山多期喷发形成,岩相岩性复杂,岩性以中、基性火山岩为主.本文将火山岩的岩心及岩矿鉴定资料与测井数据进行整合,应用测井数据建立支持向量机(SVM)两分类和多分类岩性识别模式.首先,深入研究支持向量机二分类及"一对一"、"一对多"和有向无环图三种经典多分类算法的基本原理及结构;然后,总结研究区域火山岩岩石特征,分析测井数据的测井响应组合特征,选择40口井中岩心分析和薄片鉴定资料完整、常规五种测井曲线(RLLD,CNL,DEN,AC,GR)齐全的1200个测井数据作为训练样本,构造三种支持向量机岩性识别模式;最后,对4测试井中800个测井数据进行岩性识别,识别结果与取心段岩心描述和岩心/岩屑薄片鉴定资料对比,实验结果表明有向无环图更适合辽河盆地火山岩的识别,识别正确率达到82.3%.     

公众气象服务支付意愿影响因素研究

基于中国气象局2008年调查数据,运用二分Logistic回归、最优尺度回归和判定树CRT模型分析了公众气象服务支付意愿的影响因素。结果表明：个体因素中年龄与文化程度对公众气象服务支付意愿（包括是否支付与支付多少）有显著影响,而性别因素只对支付多少有显著影响,对是否支付没有显著影响;收入因素对公众气象服务支付意愿有显著影响;关注程度、天气预报准确性、天气预报及时性、气象服务总体满意度对公众气象服务支付数额多少有显著影响,但影响程度很小;个体因素与收入因素对公众气象服务支付意愿影响程度较高,而心理因素影响程度很小。     

甘肃北祁连金矿类型划分及特征对比

依据金矿类型划分标准,提出由大到小的成因类型→含矿建造→工业类型划分方案,将北祁连已发现的具有典型意义的9个金矿床,划分为3个建造类型、3个成因类型和3个工业类型。     

南极格罗夫山陨石的磁化率

我国在南极格罗夫山发现并收集到大量南极陨石,需要一种无损、快速简单的分类方法。陨石磁化率(χ)的主要贡献是其中的铁镍金属,因而有可能成为一种简便有效的分类参数。同时,磁化率是陨石的一个重要物理参数。我们在国内首次开展陨石磁化率的研究,通过对模拟陨石磁化率样品的测量,证明可以通过不同取向的测量平均,将样品的大小和形状等几何因素的影响减小在仪器的测量精度范围之内。完成了首批613块南格格罗夫山陨石的磁化率测量,除普通球粒陨石外,还包括火星陨石、灶神星陨石、碳质球粒陨石、中铁陨石、橄榄陨铁、橄辉无球粒陨石等特殊类型。根据质量磁化率,可以划分大部分H、L、LL群陨石。特别重要的是,磁化率对于划分非平衡的普通球粒陨石化学群提供了更为可靠的参数。格罗夫山H群陨石的磁化率分布与南极其他地区的陨石十分相似,二者相对降落型陨石均向低质量磁化率方向平移0.2（logχ, 10^-9m³/kg）,反映了风化作用对南极陨石磁化率的平均影响程度;格罗夫山L群陨石的质量磁化率分布同样较降落型陨石偏低0.2左右,但南极其他地区的陨石与沙漠陨石的磁化率分布相似,二者均更为离散和偏低,可能反映了不同的风化程度。     

A spatial typology for the sea: A contribution from the Baltic

Marine spatial planning (MSP) has a need for spatial delimitation and for the identification of spatial classes. This paper reports on the findings of a pilot study that was undertaken to test the development of a data informed spatial typology for the Baltic Sea. The Baltic Sea is a comparatively shallow sea with nine adjoining countries and intense anthropogenic activities. The aim of the study was to assess the applicability and value of such a spatial typology for MSP. A spatial typology with seven different spatial classes was identified. The approach used here to identify a spatial typology could be used for seas worldwide.     

An insight into the performance of benthic classification indices tested in Eastern Mediterranean coastal waters

This work evaluates four indices that have been used for benthic macroinvertebrate ecological quality classification in the Mediterranean Sea. Our study was based on the data obtained from the participation of Greece and Cyprus in the Mediterranean Geographical Intercalibration group. The indices AMBI, M-AMBI, MEDOCC and BENTIX were applied to the available benthic species data, and the succession of the ecological groups along the graded values of each index was plotted. The level of agreement among methods was calculated, and the performance of each method in estimating ecological quality status was evaluated. AMBI, based on the Atlantic model, and its derivative M-AMBI overestimated the statuses, while MEDOCC showed the best level of agreement with BENTIX. BENTIX gives equal weight to tolerant and opportunistic species groups, which correlates them more closely than the other indices and makes BENTIX the most sensitive in detecting ecological disturbances in the Eastern Mediterranean basin, where tolerant and opportunistic groups seem to play an equally important role in the response of benthic communities to stressors.