DRY-SEASON VARIABILITY IN SUSPENDED SEDIMENT CONCENTRATIONS IN THE SOUTH PASSAGE OF THE CHANGJIANG ESTUARY

This paper reports the results of continuous monitoring of turbidity, water depth, salinity (using an Optical Backscatter Sensor (OBS)), and current velocity (using a Current meter (SLC9-2)) in the South Passage of the Changjiang Estuary over a spring–neap period in February 2003 (dry season). The turbidity measured via OBS was closely correlated with the suspended sediment concentration (SSC), which was highly variable. Over the study period, the SSC in the middle layer ranged from 110 to 1400 mg/l. The minimum SSC occurred during a late ebb tide, and the maximum SSC occurred during a late flood tide. On average, the SSC was 1.5 times higher during flood tide than during ebb tide. Vertically within the water column, SSC increased downward, with the ratio of SSC measured near the bed to that measured at the surface ranging from 1.90 to 18.3. The temporal variability in SSC is jointly governed by tides and wind-induced waves, whereas the vertical variability in SSC is attributed to the effect of gravity and vertical water circulation.     

Facies character and geochemical signature in the late Quaternary meteoric diagenetic carbonate succession at the Xisha Islands,South China Sea

The late Quaternary shallow-water carbonates have been altered by a variety of diagenetic processes, and further influenced by high-amplitude global and regional sea level changes. This study utilizes a new borehole drilled on the Yongxing Island, Xisha Islands to investigate meteoric diagenetic alteration in the late Quaternary shallowwater carbonates. Petrographic, mineralogical, stable isotopic and elemental data provide new insights into the meteoric diagenetic processes of the reef limestone. The results show the variation in the distribution of aragonite,high-Mg calcite(HMC) and low-Mg calcite(LMC) divides the shallow-water carbonates in Core SSZK1 into three intervals, which are Unit I(31.20–55.92 m, LMC), Unit II(18.39–31.20 m, aragonite and LMC) and Unit III(upper 18.39 m of core, aragonite, LMC and HMC). Various degrees of meteoric diagenesis exist in the identified three units. The lowermost Unit I has suffered almost complete freshwater diagenesis, whereas the overlying Units II and III have undergone incompletely meteoric diagenesis. The amount of time that limestone has been in the freshwater diagenetic environment has the largest impact on the degree of meteoric diagenesis. Approximately four intact facies/water depth cycles are recognized. The cumulative depletion of elements such as strontium(Sr),sodium(Na) and sulphur(S) caused by duplicated meteoric diagenesis in the older reef sequences are distinguished from the younger reef sequences. This study provides a new record of meteoric diagenesis, which is well reflected by whole-rock mineralogy and geochemistry.     

Neuro-fuzzy models employing wavelet analysis for suspended sediment concentration prediction in rivers

Abstract

The study of sediment load is important for its implications to the environment and water resources engineering. Four models were considered in the study of suspended sediment concentration prediction: artificial neural networks (ANNs), neuro-fuzzy model (NF), conjunction of wavelet analysis and neuro-fuzzy (WNF) model, and the conventional sediment rating curve (SRC) method. Using data from a US Geological Survey gauging station, the suspended sediment concentration predicted by the WNF model was in satisfactory agreement with the measured data. Also the proposed WNF model generated reasonable predictions for the extreme values. The cumulative suspended sediment load estimated by this model was much higher than that predicted by the other models, and is close to the observed data. However, in the current modelling, the ANN, NF and SRC models underestimated sediment load. The WNF model was successful in reproducing the hysteresis phenomenon, but the SRC method was not able to model this behaviour. In general, the results showed that the NF model performed better than the ANN and SRC models.

Citation Mirbagheri, S. A., Nourani, V., Rajaee, T. & Alikhani, A. (2010) Neuro-fuzzy models employing wavelet analysis for suspended sediment concentration prediction in rivers. Hydrol. Sci. J. 55(7), 1175–1189.     

鄂东北大别杂岩中混合岩形成的动力学机制

本文针对中小位移量伸缩缝构造进行设计研究，提出了一种常温固化型桥梁伸缩缝。经过对伸缩量Δ２０ｃｍ，Δ＝４０ｃｍ的多座桥梁的实验应用表明，这是一种适用于中小位移量桥梁中性能良好的伸缩缝，施工简便。其桥缝具体结构为，在两侧拍击区采用钢纤维混凝土增，缝内用高分子聚合物与一定比例的水泥及掺合物拌和均匀，经一段时间与桥面和加固铺装层固化成具有较高弹性和一定强度的整体式桥梁伸缩缝。其效果良好，供应用参考。     

配位滴定法同时测定金属离子浓度的研究

将多元校正分析法应用于配位滴定中，以ＥＤＴＡ为滴定剂，玻璃电极为指示电极，饱和甘汞电极为参比电极。依据电位滴定原理，对混合三组分：Ｃｕ￣（２＋）、Ｃｄ￣（２＋）、Ｚｎ￣（２＋）、及Ｃｕ￣（２＋）、ＣＯ￣（２＋）、Ｎｉ￣（２＋）进行测定，各金属离子之间的△ｌｏｇＫ在０．０４～２．３４之间，计算误差一般小于土１０％。     

用非色散红外气体分析仪进行大气CO2本底浓度的测量

按WMO关于开展全球CO2监测的要求，在对引进设备进行改进的情况下，建立了我国开展大气CO2本底浓度连续测量的红外气体分析测量系统及有关方法。系统的测量精度优于0.1ppm，完全满足全球本底测量的要求，并具有较好的国际可比性。在此基础上，首次取得了我国大陆上空大气CO2的本底浓度资料。     

高岭石的结晶有序度及其对纸张涂布粘浓度的影响

粘浓度是纸张涂布的一项重要指标,测定的变化范围从46.4—72％。用Hinckley方法测定了高岭石的结晶度指数,从0.57变化至1.40。当粘浓度>67％时,结晶度指数>1。粘浓度<67％,结晶度指数<1,有序高岭石有利于粘浓度提高。随着结构无序化,晶粒变小,晶片变薄,比表面增加,晶体边缘和角易破损,使粘浓度降低。结构无序化破坏了颗粒的均匀性,使颗粒长/厚比增加,粘浓度降低。高岭石八面体中Fe~(3+)的存在一定程度上影响了有序度。     

气象因子对近地面臭氧污染影响的研究

本文通过对１９９３年春季和春夏之交的O3浓度逐日变化、日变化和气象因子关系的分析，提出了影响O3浓度的主导气象因子和不同情况下形成高浓度O3的主要因子，提出了大风速对逐日变化中O3浓度特高及浓度日变化峰值的重要作用，并指出高温、低湿、小风并不是在所有情况都是促成高浓度O3的因子。另外，雾也可以成为近地面O3浓度增值的因素，主要原因是雾内湍流发展将高浓度O3大量输向下方。