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601.
滑坡监测工作已经开展了多年,本文提出滑坡监测的内容包括基础因子、诱发因子和过程因子三部分,认为诱发因子和过程因子是滑坡监测的重点。针对降雨型滑坡监测,提出降雨-入渗-位移变形三者相结合的滑坡监测技术方法,并在河口糖厂滑坡监测工程中应用,实现了监测数据的实时自动采集、自动传输、自动入库的全自动监测系统。通过监测可知,河口糖厂滑坡降雨超过50mm达到67mm时,雨水入渗深度为7m; 10d累计降雨量达到110mm时,雨水入渗深度超过7m,但未至12m; 雨水由0m入渗至7m的入渗速率为0.53m h-1,由7m至12m的入渗速率为0.29m h-1。 相似文献
602.
Monitoring land subsidence in Semarang,Indonesia 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Semarang is one of the biggest cities in Indonesia and nowadays suffering from extended land subsidence, which is due to groundwater
withdrawal, to natural consolidation of alluvium soil and to the load of constructions. Land subsidence causes damages to
infrastructure, buildings, and results in tides moving into low-lying areas. Up to the present, there has been no comprehensive
information about the land subsidence and its monitoring in Semarang. This paper examines digital elevation model (DEM) and
benchmark data in Geographic Information System (GIS) raster operation for the monitoring of the land subsidence in Semarang.
This method will predict and quantify the extent of subsidence in future years. The future land subsidence prediction is generated
from the expected future DEM in GIS environment using ILWIS package. The procedure is useful especially in areas with scarce
data. The resulting maps designate the area of land subsidence that increases rapidly and it is predicted that in 2020, an
area of 27.5 ha will be situated 1.5–2.0 m below sea level. This calculation is based on the assumption that the rate of land
subsidence is linear and no action is taken to protect the area from subsidence. 相似文献
603.
604.
An instrumented trial-fill dike was constructed on soft, laminated soils of the Lisan Peninsula foreshore of the Dead Sea.
The earthwork had base dimensions of 180 m by approximately 70 m wide and was raised in two stages to a maximum height of
12.5 m above original ground level. The geotechnical data of the dike were monitored in order to: assess the short- and long-term
strength of the foundation, obtain and analyze the pore-pressure response of the foundation soils for potential use in construction
control, obtain data on embankment settlement in order to refine end-of-construction and post-construction settlement assessments,
and optimize the height of the dike to be constructed by providing information on the construction sequence for use in calculation
of capital costs and alternative layouts and dike heights. The successful completion of the trial dike has demonstrated that
steep-side dikes up to 12.5 m high can be constructed rapidly on soft soils. The construction of the trial dike has therefore
proved a very substantial benefit to the evaluation of the likely performance of a dike constructed along the Lisan shore.
The key factor which made this fast construction possible was the unexpected, very rapid consolidation of the majority of
the foundation soil which has been shown to occur. The principal observations from the trial dike were: (1) end of construction
settlements may be calculated using drained stiffnesses where E′/su initial has a value of around 65; (2) post-construction settlements can be calculated using a coefficient of secondary compression,
Cα equal to 0.015; (3) a rapid increase in undrained shear strength occurred when loading the soil up to a value of su equal to around 30 kPa. The value of su/σv′ was as high as 0.5 at this stage. With further loading the strength increase was more modest and su/σv fell to around 0.25 for a vertical effective stress of 160 kPa; (4) for the undrained stability analyses of the trial dike,
the mean vane shear-strength profile provided an appropriate assessment of the short-term factor of safety against failure,
5) For the drained stability analyses of the trial dike, lower bound effective strength parameters for the foundation and
embankment fill (c′=0, φ′=30° and c′=2 kN/m2, φ′=33°, respectively), combined with field measurements of end of construction pore water pressures provided an analysis
which was broadly compatible with the undrained analysis; and (6) the trial dike has been stable, pre- and post-construction,
because of the well drained nature of its foundation which prevented the build up of high pore water pressures and led to
rapid consolidation.
Received: 22 June 1998 · Accepted: 30 October 1998 相似文献
605.
Settlement is one of the most important deformation characteristics of a high concrete-face rockfill dam (CFRD) and is regarded as a key indicator of dam safety. The time-dependent settlement behavior of the Shuibuya CFRD is studied on the basis of in situ settlement-monitoring records and displacement back-analysis. The goal of this work is to characterize actual deformation of the dam and to verify the back-analysis method used in this paper. The settlement-monitoring records were from seven control stations at the crest and 38 monitoring points inside the body of the dam and covered the construction period, the initial filling of the reservoir and 2 years of operation. A displacement back-analysis for parameters is performed by hybrid generic algorithms (HGAs) and finite element method (FEM). Comparative studies of monitoring data and back-analysis show good agreement between measured settlements and computed settlements. Furthermore, the deformation in the next 3 years is predicted on the basis of back-analysis. Overall, it is demonstrated that the deformation of the Shuibuya CFRD is basically stable and that the technique used to control the dam deformation is successful. 相似文献
606.
随着金属工业和科技的迅猛发展,尾矿库安全生产和环境安全等过程中暴露出的问题日益显现,而我省尾矿库自动监测方面起步较晚。本文依据《尾矿库安全监测技术规范》的相关要求,针对在建尾矿库溃坝原因、监测指标、安全监测与预警系统体系结构和各监测项目实施方案进行比较和探索。进一步说明尾矿库在线监测系统的重要意义。 相似文献
607.
In developing a methodology for the ongoing Global International Waters Assessment, major gaps have become apparent in our ability to make comparative assessments of pollution. A pragmatic impacts scoping methodology has been developed and tested. A more effective assessment protocol however, requires a better knowledge of the relationship between pollution sources and biological effects with less reliance on chemical monitoring. 相似文献
608.
609.
Audun Bakk Rune M. Holt Andreas Bauer Bastien Dupuy Anouar Romdhane 《Geophysical Prospecting》2020,68(6):1847-1863
Depletion or injection into a reservoir implies stress changes and strains in the reservoir and its surroundings. This may lead to measurable time-shifts for seismic waves propagating in the subsurface. To better understand the offset dependence of time-shifts in the overburden, we have systematically quantified the time-shifts of three different overburden shales in controlled laboratory tests. These experiments may be viewed as an analogue to the time-shifts recorded from seismic field surveys. For a range of different stress paths, defined as the ratio between the horizontal and the vertical stress changes, the changes of the P-wave velocities in different directions were measured such that the offset dependence of time-shifts for different stress paths could be studied. The time-shifts are stress path dependent, which is particularly pronounced at large offsets. For all stress paths, the time-shifts exhibit a linearly decreasing trend with increasing offset, that is, a negative offset gradient. At zero offset, for which the ray path is normal to the bedding, the time-shifts are similar for all investigated stress paths. The isotropic stress path is associated with the smallest offset gradient of the time-shifts. In contrast, the constant-mean-stress path shows the largest gradient with a flip in the polarity of the time-shifts for the largest offsets. The separate contributions from the strain and velocity changes to the time-shifts were also quantified. The time-shifts for the isotropic stress path are dominated by the contribution from velocity changes at all offsets. In contrast, the strain contributes significantly to the time-shifts at small offsets for the constant-mean-stress path. This shows that the offset dependence in pre-stack seismic data may be a key to understand the changes of subsurface stresses, pore pressure and strain upon depletion or injection. To utilize this knowledge from laboratory experiments, calibrated rock physics models and correlations are needed to constrain the seismic time-shifts and to obtain an adequately updated geological model reflecting the true anisotropic nature of the subsurface. This may have important implications for improved recovery and safety, particularly in mature fields. 相似文献
610.