监测网的精度测度与三维应变参数的准则矩阵

本文基于监测网的特点，用变形参数的精度来测度同的质量，讨论了精度标准的不变性，重点根据位移向量与应变参数的关系，构造了三维应变参数的准则矩阵，以供参考。     

Monotoring shallow groundwater quality in agricultural watersheds in Denmark

Monitoring of shallow groundwater quality is part of the Danish Agricultural Watershed Monitoring Programme. The monitoring program provides fast and field-related information on impacts of changes in agricultural practices on a watershed scale. The monitoring concept described is carried out in six well-defined hydrological basins and includes new types of groundwater nests and soil water stations. Results from the first three years are presented through examples from the clayey till watershed Lillebæk and the sandy watershed Barslund Bæk. By averaging concentrations of solutes in groundwater sampled at the same depth on a monthly basis, it is possible to evaluate trends in the overall impact of climate and different agricultural practices in a watershed on the groundwater quality. Characteristic seasonal variations in nitrate concentrations related to water level fluctuations was observed. The monitoring has demonstrated significantly higher nitrate concentrations in groundwater sampled downgradient of fields receiving manure than in groundwater sampled downgradient of fertilized fields. Significant vertical nitrate reduction downgradient of manured fields was observed in both the sandy and the clayey watershed though above the redoxcline. In the clayey till watershed fast vertical transport and insignificant nitrate reduction was observed downgradient of fertilized fields probably due to fracture and macro-pore flow.     

中国新疆煤层自燃环境动态监测信息系统的开发

针对中国北方煤层自燃的特征,应用地理信息系统理论和方法,研建了为组织、实施煤矿灭火服务的煤层自燃动态监测信息系统(CFMIS),提出和确定了符合煤炭生产、管理和灭火部门实际需要的系统硬件配置,介绍了CFMIS的软件组成、数据内容、应用模型,阐明了该系统总体结构、特点以及使用效果。     

水稻遥感估产的一种方法

该文利用NOAA/AVHRR空间覆盖度宽、资料获取时次多的特点，寻求预测北方一季稻产区水稻产量的最佳时期，利用植被指数建立水稻单产的预报模式，遥感估算水稻种植面积。研究表明，利用卫星遥感手段对水稻进行估产的精度高于常规农业气象模式，又可提高预报时效。     

Assessing the impact of pollution on aquatic systems at a global and regional level

In developing a methodology for the ongoing Global International Waters Assessment, major gaps have become apparent in our ability to make comparative assessments of pollution. A pragmatic impacts scoping methodology has been developed and tested. A more effective assessment protocol however, requires a better knowledge of the relationship between pollution sources and biological effects with less reliance on chemical monitoring.     

涠11-4平台综合强度监测技术及实施运行系统(涠11-4平台结构原位监测研究之一)

本文介绍了一种固定式导管架平台综合强度监测系统，它用于对涠１１－４平台关键部位的应力、加速度及与结构响应相关的环境参数进行长期监测。讨论的重点内容是结构响应的测量方案、设备及实施方法，并对运行结果作了说明     

对山西地震前兆台网运行工作的思考

文章对省地震局地震前兆台站的建设现状、发展状况及前兆台网室现行的管理、运行模式做了一一介绍。针对此,提出了几点改进建议,对前兆台网的正常运行,提高观测质量、观测数据的利用率有一定的参考价值。     

Toppling and stabilization of the intake slope for the Fengtan Hydropower Station enlargement project, Mid-South China

The intake slope for the Fengtan Hydropower Station enlargement project is composed of thickly bedded sedimentary rock. During excavation of the intake slope and tunnels, toppling was observed in the rock masses of the intake slope. Research was conducted to study the engineering geological conditions and the deformation characteristics of the slope during excavation. The in situ monitoring data and possible causes for toppling were analyzed. A method for analyzing monitoring data was proposed, which can be used to calculate the depth and rotation angle of block toppling. The monitoring results showed that toppling occurred only at a shallow depth, and induced local instability of the slope. Deformation had been controlled and the slope tended to be stable after reinforcement. Through this case study, it can be seen that the stability of the slope and underground openings during and after excavation is variable, especially when the loading conditions and topography are changed. A proper construction sequence is essential, i.e., excavation from the inside toward the free slope surface; excavating the slope above the tunnel after the tunnel lining is in place. This is particularly important for the excavation of multiple tunnels at the slope toe.     

A comparative study of Monte Carlo simple genetic algorithm and noisy genetic algorithm for cost-effective sampling network design under uncertainty

This study evaluates and compares two methodologies, Monte Carlo simple genetic algorithm (MCSGA) and noisy genetic algorithm (NGA), for cost-effective sampling network design in the presence of uncertainties in the hydraulic conductivity (K) field. Both methodologies couple a genetic algorithm (GA) with a numerical flow and transport simulator and a global plume estimator to identify the optimal sampling network for contaminant plume monitoring. The MCSGA approach yields one optimal design each for a large number of realizations generated to represent the uncertain K-field. A composite design is developed on the basis of those potential monitoring wells that are most frequently selected by the individual designs for different K-field realizations. The NGA approach relies on a much smaller sample of K-field realizations and incorporates the average of objective functions associated with all K-field realizations directly into the GA operators, leading to a single optimal design. The efficacy of the MCSGA-based composite design and the NGA-based optimal design is assessed by applying them to 1000 realizations of the K-field and evaluating the relative errors of global mass and higher moments between the plume interpolated from a sampling network and that output by the transport model without any interpolation. For the synthetic application examined in this study, the optimal sampling network obtained using NGA achieves a potential cost savings of 45% while keeping the global mass and higher moment estimation errors comparable to those errors obtained using MCSGA. The results of this study indicate that NGA can be used as a useful surrogate of MCSGA for cost-effective sampling network design under uncertainty. Compared with MCSGA, NGA reduces the optimization runtime by a factor of 6.5.