全区台站数据采集分发综合监控系统设计与实现

文章针对目前基层观测台站传输现状,设计了气象观测数据采集传输监控平台,实现了观测数据采集、传输、分发、管理、监控的统一,克服和解决工作人员工作流程繁琐、效率低;数据传输管理分散,监控难度大：原始数据存储分散,不利一统管理,共享能力低;格式及数据质量控制程序由各厂家开发,不利于根据本地化情况进行修改和调整;不利于基础数据传输工作的全区统一规范管理和部署等方面的弊端和难题。系统具体功能包括：观测数据文件的实时采集传输、观测数据初步质量控制、观测数据文件存储管理、监控信息采集存储、信息前台显示操作平台、实时报警功能、时钟同步功能,系统的实施将降低工作强度、提高工作效率、促进全区整体信息网络业务的进一步发展。     

湿地环境质量监测评价体系构建研究

以可持续发展理论、环境生态学、景观生态学等科学理论为指导,应用"3S"技术和地面观测技术相结合的方法,结合对我国湿地环境质量监测研究的历史与现状,以国内主要湿地类型区的监测信息为平台,共筛选出了湿地景观状况、湿地生物状况、湿地非生物状况、湿地规模等4大类,共计19个监测评价指标,应用层次分析法(AHP),在咨询专家意见的基础上,利用T.L.Saaty的标度法,建立了符合我国国情的湿地环境质量监测的评价指标体系,研究成果可评价全国范围内的湿地环境质量变化规律和发展趋势,为我国的湿地评价、保护和管理工作提供依据。     

FY-2C高时间分辨率扫描数据在强对流云团监测中的应用研究

利用我国首次获取的静止气象卫星平均10 分钟观测间隔的高时间分辨率数据对2011 年6 月28 日～29日发生的一次强对流云团特征进行分析。Hovm?ller 分析图清晰地展示出在高时间分辨率观测条件下云团中心冷核的演变特征。高时间分辨率卫星资料与地面降水量进行联合分析,可推知对流云团中冷核的演变与地面小时降水量大值的落区间有很好的一致性;10 分钟雨量资料联合前推1 小时内7 次平均10 分钟观测间隔的卫星红外1通道亮温,分析可知地面雨量较大时,云顶像元亮温具有持续降低或维持低温状态的特点。反映出在对流性强降水中,冷且具有一定稳定性的云顶是产生大降水的主要特征。研究结果显示,静止气象卫星的高时间分辨率观测可很好地捕捉到强对流云团发展的演变特征,利用FY-2C 静止气象卫星红外1 通道亮温、红外1 通道与水汽通道亮温差在高时间分辨率观测中的时差特征变量,可实现对强对流云团初生的有效监测,为强对流云团的预测预报提供支撑。     

Monitoring of urban subsidence with SAR interferometric point target analysis: A case study in Suzhou,China

Ground subsidence, mainly caused by over exploitation of groundwater and other underground resources, such as oil, gas and coal, occurs in many cities in China. The annual direct loss associated with subsidence across the country is estimated to exceed 100 million US dollar. Interferometric SAR (InSAR) is a powerful tool to map ground deformation at an unprecedented level of spatial detail. It has been widely used to investigate the deformation resulting from earthquakes, volcanoes and subsidence. Repeat-pass InSAR, however, may fail due to impacts of spatial decorrelation, temporal decorrelation and heterogeneous refractivity of atmosphere. In urban areas, a large amount of natural stable radar reflectors exists, such as buildings and engineering structures, at which radar signals can remain coherent during a long time interval. Interferometric point target analysis (IPTA) technique, also known as persistent scatterers (PS) InSAR is based on these reflectors. It overcomes the shortfalls in conventional InSAR. This paper presents a procedure for urban subsidence monitoring with IPTA. Calculation of linear deformation rate and height residual, and the non-linear deformation estimate, respectively, are discussed in detail. Especially, the former is highlighted by a novel and easily implemented 2-dimensional spatial search algorithm. Practically useful solutions that can significantly improve the robustness of IPTA, are recommended. Finally, the proposed procedure is applied to mapping the ground subsidence in Suzhou city, Jiangsu province, China. Thirty-four ERS-1/2 SAR scenes are analyzed, and the deformation information over 38,881 point targets between 1992 and 2000 are generated. The IPTA-derived deformation estimates correspond well with leveling measurements, demonstrating the potential of the proposed subsidence monitoring procedure based on IPTA technique. Two shortcomings of the IPTA-based procedure, e.g., the requirement of large number of SAR images and assumed linear plus non-linear deformation model, are discussed as the topics of further research.     

Ground settlement monitoring based on temporarily coherent points between two SAR acquisitions

An InSAR analysis approach for identifying and extracting the temporarily coherent points (TCP) that exist between two SAR acquisitions and for determining motions of the TCP is presented for applications such as ground settlement monitoring. TCP are identified based on the spatial characteristics of the range and azimuth offsets of coherent radar scatterers. A method for coregistering TCP based on the offsets of TCP is given to reduce the coregistration errors at TCP. An improved phase unwrapping method based on the minimum cost flow (MCF) algorithm and local Delaunay triangulation is also proposed for sparse TCP data. The proposed algorithms are validated using a test site in Hong Kong. The test results show that the algorithms work satisfactorily for various ground features.     

土地利用动态遥感监测中的问题探析

为解决不同周期土地利用动态遥感监测衔接不紧密的问题,通过对天津市2008年度及监测时段内各季度的土地利用动态遥感监测结果的对比,从时间因素和人为因素两个角度分析了监测结果产生差异的原因,并就如何应对和改进作业方式展开了论述.因受数据源和信息提取手段等的制约,使监测效率不易有大的改变,故仅着重对如何改进和优化季度监测中的...     

A feasibility study of borehole radar as a permanent downhole sensor

Permanent downhole sensors provide the eyes and ears to the reservoir and enable monitoring the reservoir conditions on a real‐time basis. In particular, the use of sensors and remotely controlled valves in wells and on the surface, in combination with reservoir flow models provide enormous benefits to reservoir management and oil production. We suggest borehole radar measurements as a promising technique capable to monitor the arrival of undesired fluids in the proximity of production wells. We use 1D modelling to investigate the expected signal magnitude and depth of investigation of a borehole radar sensor operating in an oilfield environment. We restrict the radar applicability to environments where the radar investigation depth can fit the reservoir size necessary to be monitored. Potential applications are steam chamber monitoring in steam assisted gravity drainage processes and water front monitoring in thin oil rim environments. A more sophisticated analysis of the limits of a radar system is carried out through 2D finite‐difference time‐domain simulations. The metal components of the wellbore casing can cause destructive interference with the emitted signal. A high dielectric medium surrounding the production well increases the amplitude of the signal and so the radar performance. Other reservoir constraints are given by the complexity of the reservoir and the dynamic of the fluids. Time‐lapse changes in the heterogeneity of the background formation strongly affect the retrieval of the target reflections and gradual fluid saturation changes reduce the amplitudes of the reflections.     

Monitoring the effects of disposal of fine sediments from maintenance dredging on suspended particulate matter concentration in the Belgian nearshore area (southern North Sea)

The impact of continuous disposal of fine-grained sediments from maintenance dredging works on the suspended particulate matter concentration in a shallow nearshore turbidity maximum was investigated during dredging experiment (port of Zeebrugge, southern North Sea). Before, during and after the experiment monitoring of SPM concentration using OBS and ADV altimetry was carried out at a location 5 km west of the disposal site. A statistical analysis, based on the concept of populations and sub-sampling, was applied to evaluate the effect. The data revealed that the SPM concentration near the bed was on average more than two times higher during the dredging experiment. The disposed material was mainly transported in the benthic layer and resulted in a long-term increase of SPM concentration and formation of fluid mud layers. The study shows that SPM concentration can be used as an indicator of environmental changes if representative time series are available.     

地震阈值监测技术中的震级校正

地震阈值监测技术能够实现对台网监测能力的实时评估,该方法利用短时平均值(STA)代替A/T来计算震级.为了使STA计算的震级跟传统震级计算结果一致,需要对利用STA计算的震级进行校正.本文通过分析台站检测到的历史事件,选择最优的滤波频带计算log(A/T)与log(STA)之差,得到利用STA计算震级的校正系数.利用新疆地震台网部分台站的数据,分析了阈值监测技术计算的台网监测能力,结果跟实际值基本一致.     

青海玉树地震灾区地质灾害监测预警浅析

玉树7.1级地震不仅造成大量人员伤亡和财产损失,还造成岩体松动,并引发了大量崩塌、滑坡、泥石流等地质灾害。通过监测获取了崩滑体变形信息,掌握了崩滑体演变过程和泥石流危险信息,为地质灾害分析评价、预测预报及工程治理等提供可靠的资料和科学依据。