地震诱发黄土滑坡稳定性评价中的不平衡推力法

以不平衡推力法为基础,同时考虑不同烈度、不同地震力作用方向条件下黄土滑坡的稳定性评价,以宁夏西吉回回川滑坡为例,进行了滑坡稳定系数 K 与地震系数 KS,与地震作用角度β的关系及滑坡稳定性敏感性分析.结果表明地震最危险作用方向与水平方向有一定夹角倾向坡外,且随地震系数增大而增大.黄土滑坡稳定性评价中应该考虑地震最危险作用方向.     

郯庐断裂带新近纪以来的挤压构造与合肥盆地的反转

郯庐断裂带于新近纪以来呈现强烈的逆冲活动,使得先存的伸展性断层产生了一系列逆冲反转构造.该逆冲活动使合肥盆地东部边缘地层被明显掀斜并产生断弯褶皱.与此同时,合肥盆地也相应遭受了挤压而反转,在合肥盆地内形成了一系列NW向左行平移断层和NNE向的宽缓褶皱构造.这些构造对油气二次运移和圈闭有利.在太平洋板块向西俯冲产生的弧后扩张使中国东部大陆受到挤压的区域动力学背景下,郯庐断裂的逆冲活动和合肥盆地反转构造在近EW向挤压应力下形成.     

祁连山北缘冲断带西段构造特征

祁连山北缘冲断带是中国较早发现油田的地区之一,近几年来该区油气勘探又获得进一步突破。文中根据近几年得到的地震、钻井、地面露头资料,结合前人研究成果,分析了祁连山北缘冲断带西段的构造特征。祁连山北缘冲断带具有中国西部山前冲断带的共同特征:构造主要定型于喜山期;断层相关褶皱、冲断构造体系发育;冲断带分段分带明显;构造复杂。除此之外,祁连山北缘冲断带西段也有独特的构造特征。由于不同性质盆地的叠合,冲断带走向方向地层组成变化大;冲断带的分段性受控于古构造格局;主要发育横向叠置的多重冲断构造体系。这些特征造成了北缘冲断带油气勘探的复杂性。     

鄂东南地区印支期以来构造变形特征及油气意义

利用区域地震大剖面及MT资料,结合地面地质调查成果,对鄂东南地区的深部地质结构及典型构造样式进行了分析,认为该区发育以基底岩系顶面和志留系顶面为主滑脱面的大型逆冲推覆构造,并识别出双重逆冲构造、叠瓦状构造、台阶式结构、对冲构造及反冲断层等典型构造样式;同时对上下地质结构的变异进行了探讨,提出志留系滑脱层之下的“原地体”具有变形相对较弱、褶皱宽缓开阔的特点,在后期拉张改造中受到上盘“异地体”的保护,应是有利的油气勘探领域,双重逆冲构造内部发育的断层相关褶皱(如随阳构造)是重点勘探目标。     

Metamorphic and cooling history of the Shimanto accretionary complex,Kyushu, Southwest Japan: Implications for the timing of out‐of‐sequence thrusting

Illite crystallinity, K–Ar dating of illite, and fission‐track dating of zircon are analyzed in the hanging wall (Sampodake unit) and footwall (Mikado unit) of a seismogenic out‐of‐sequence thrust (Nobeoka thrust) within the Shimanto accretionary complex of central Kyushu, southwest Japan. The obtained metamorphic temperatures, and timing of metamorphism and cooling, reveal the tectono‐metamorphic evolution of the complex, and related development of the Nobeoka thrust. Illite crystallinity data indicate that the Late Cretaceous Sampodake unit was metamorphosed at temperatures of around 300 to 310°C, while the Middle Eocene Mikado unit was metamorphosed at 260 to 300°C. Illite K–Ar ages and zircon fission‐track ages constrain the timing of metamorphism of the Sampodake unit to the early Middle Eocene (46 to 50 Ma, mean = 48 Ma). Metamorphism of the Mikado unit occurred no earlier than 40 Ma, which is the youngest depositional age of the unit. The Nobeoka thrust is inferred to have been active during about 40 to 48 Ma, as the Sampodake unit started its post metamorphic cooling after 48 Ma and was thrust over the Mikado unit at about 40 Ma along the Nobeoka thrust. These results indicate that the Nobeoka thrust was active for more than 10 million years.     

三峡库区滑坡治理工程设计中推力荷载计算方法初探

随着三峡水利工程的逐步实施，淹没区移民及新城镇建设等人类工程活动的加剧，以滑坡为主的环境地质问题日益突出。本文从稳定系数、安全系数入手，对铁道、公路等部门常用的设计计算原理进行了研究，并由此类比分析研究了三峡区回水后或库水位正常运行条件下，滑坡治理工程设计计算方法。     

深水褶皱冲断带的构造变形和油气地质特征

深水褶皱冲断带是目前全球油气勘探的重要领域,其构造变形和油气地质特征是勘探研究的主要内容。通过对不同地区深水褶皱冲断带的地震剖面解释和综合分析,结合沉积特征对其构造样式、变形特征和石油地质特征进行了研究。研究表明,在主动大陆边缘和被动大陆边缘存在4种不同构造样式的深水褶皱冲断带,即:主动大陆边缘型深水褶皱冲断带;被动大陆边缘背景下的泥岩滑脱型、盐岩滑脱型和重力垮塌滑动型深水褶皱冲断带。由于他们具有不同的驱动机制、构造特征和演化特征,导致了其含油气性差别较大。主动大陆边缘背景下发育的深水褶皱冲断带主要发育倾向陆地的逆冲断层、叠瓦构造以及相关的褶皱构造,缺乏有效的烃源岩和储层。被动大陆边缘背景下发育的深水褶皱冲断带可以划分为伸展区、过渡区和挤压区3部分,并发育相关构造,其中泥岩滑脱型和盐岩滑脱型深水褶皱冲断带已经有大量的油气发现。     

浙西北地区反转构造初步研究

通过浙西北地区金衢、乌马和杭嘉湖3个地震解译剖面及地表地质的综合分析,指出研究区在以T₂为主变形期的逆冲变形体制之前存在同方向的引张体制,并随后发生反转。通过计算反转比等综合分析,发现其总体反转程度自南东往北西方向逐渐变小,反映出反转后的褶皱冲断变形程度呈现自南东往北西方向变弱之趋势。     

徐州——宿州弧形双冲——叠瓦扇逆冲断层系统

郯庐断裂西徐州－－宿州地区存在丰一个向西突出的弧形构造,其东侧后缘为倾向腹地的双冲构造,前缘为背驭式的叠瓦扇。东西向的不老河断层和宿北断层将其分为具有不同发育特征的三段。这是华北板块与扬子板块斜冲对接过程中,由于双沟推覆体向ＮＷ的反向推力,由东向西间歇式跳跃发展而形成的。该构造后期还被前缘的反向断层,前渊的重力滑动构造和腹地的指状断陷盆地所复杂经。这是不同于Ｂｏｙｅｒ和Ｅｌｌｉｏｔｔ简单模式的一种     

Comparison of Fry strain ellipse and AMS ellipsoid trends to tectonic fabric trends in very low-strain sandstone of the Appalachian fold–thrust belt

In moderately to highly strained sandstones, both the long axis of the bedding-parallel finite-strain ellipse, as calculated by the normalized Fry method, and the projection of the long axis of the AMS ellipsoid on the plane of bedding, align well with local “structural grain” (trends of cleavage, folds, and faults). This relationship implies that results of both 2D Fry and AMS analyses represent the local layer-parallel tectonic strain component. Do both methods provide comparable results for very low-strain sandstone (e.g., <5%)? To address this question, Fry and AMS analyses were conducted in very low-strain sandstone from two localities in the Appalachian foreland fold–thrust belt: near Rosendale in New York and the Lackawanna synclinorium of Pennsylvania. We compared the map projections of both bedding-parallel Fry ellipses and AMS ellipsoids to the local structural grain. In both study areas, projections of the long axis of Fry strain ellipses do not cluster in a direction parallel to structural grain, whereas the projection of the long axes of AMS ellipsoids do cluster closely to structural grain. This observation implies that in very low-strain sandstone, AMS analysis provides a more sensitive “quick” indicator of tectonic fabric than does normalized Fry analysis.